Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Rapid City, SD
Issued by NWS Rapid City, SD
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387 FXUS63 KUNR 230818 AFDUNR Area Forecast Discussion For Western SD and Northeastern WY National Weather Service Rapid City SD 218 AM MDT Thu May 23 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Compact upper low brings active thunderstorms, wind, and a bit of snow later this afternoon through early Friday - Relatively active pattern expected through Memorial Day weekend - Upper level ridge brings milder and drier weather mid-week next week && .DISCUSSION...(Today Through Wednesday) Issued at 213 AM MDT Thu May 23 2024 08z surface analysis had low over central WY, which is in response to upper low per water vapour spinning over far southwest MT. 35-45kt low level jet (per KUDX VAD/RAP forecast) east of Black Hills producing modest theta-e advection over ND/eastern SD and ACCAS/sprinkles. Effect of upper low main forecast concern in the short term. Today through Friday, upper low rolls through the CWA into tonight and then lifts northeast as it opens up into the eastern Dakotas Friday. WY surface low strengthens/moves northeast as it pushes dryline/trough into the CWA today and then wraps a cold front through the CWA late this afternoon/tonight. A narrow tongue of buoyancy surges into far northern through eastern reaches of the CWA. HREF forecasts 1-2KJ/kg SBCAPE over south-central SD by 21z with 500J/kg over far northwest SD. 25-35kt 0-6km bulk shear increases to 30-40kt as jet streak ahead of upper low elongates hodographs. Should see a narrow line of active convection along dryline/trough late this afternoon with isolated severe thunderstorms (damaging wind/large hail), especially over south- central SD. If discrete supercells develop over south-central SD, very large hail is possible. Strong/severe storms will quickly move out of CWA this evening. Well-defined deformation zone precipitation shield expected over northeast WY/northwest SD (30-50% chance >0.25" QPF) and little precipitation over southwest SD per dry slot. Wet bulb zero heights low enough for 1-2" of snow (25-75th percentile) over the highest Black Hills. 3-7mb/3hr pressure rises expected behind cold front tonight, peaking late this evening. Good setup for strong/gusty northwest winds for the squeeze areas of the Black Hills, so have hoisted high wind watch/wind advisories to account. Probabilistic guidance seems low for 50kt gusts from KRAP-KRCA region given bufkit momentum transfer forecast, but EFI SoT painting strong wind potential over much of western SD. Day shift can hone the wind speeds with likely advisory expansion eastward for late tonight. Drier air ends precipitation Friday afternoon. Temperatures will be near guidance. Saturday, a weak disturbance brings a chance of precipitation, especially over the south. Another upper low/trough moves through Sunday with likely PoPs warranted given synoptic forcing/moisture availability. Lingering precipitation early Memorial Day gives way upper ridge for the middle of next week with drier/milder weather foreseen. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS Through 06Z Thursday Night) Issued At 934 PM MDT Wed May 22 2024 Westerly winds will begin to increase late Thursday morning as a cold front moves through. MVFR conds will move into NE WY later Thur afternoon as rain develops, lower cigs spreading east through evening. Thunderstorms will be possible toward central SD in the afternoon. && .UNR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SD...Wind Advisory from 8 PM this evening to 2 PM MDT Friday for SDZ012-013-026. High Wind Watch from this evening through Friday afternoon for SDZ031-072-073. WY...None. && $$ DISCUSSION/KEY MESSAGES...Helgeson AVIATION...JC