Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Pueblo, CO
Issued by NWS Pueblo, CO
476 UXUS97 KPUB 291217 SRGPUB Soaring Forecast National Weather Service Pueblo, Colorado 0617 MDT Wednesday, May 29, 2024 This forecast is for Villa Grove, CO for Wednesday, May 29, 2024: If the trigger temperature of 61.8 F/16.6 C is reached...then Thermal Soaring Index....................... Excellent Maximum rate of lift........................ 1596 ft/min (8.1 m/s) Maximum height of thermals.................. 24469 ft MSL (15507 ft AGL) Forecast maximum temperature................... 73.0 F/23.2 C Time of trigger temperature.................... 1000 MDT Time of overdevelopment........................ 1300 MDT Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less Height of the -3 thermal index................. 21511 ft MSL (12549 ft AGL) Thermal soaring outlook for Thursday 05/30..... Excellent Wave Soaring Index............................. Not available Remarks... Sunrise/Sunset.................... 05:42:47 / 20:19:26 MDT Total possible sunshine........... 14 hr 36 min 39 sec (876 min 39 sec) Altitude of sun at 13:01:07 MDT... 73.51 degrees Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 05/29/2024 at 0600 MDT Freezing level.................. 14799 ft MSL (5837 ft AGL) Convective condensation level... 17900 ft MSL (8938 ft AGL) Lifted condensation level....... 20034 ft MSL (11071 ft AGL) Lifted index.................... -3.7 K index......................... +13.1 Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50000 -56.4 -69.5 265 33 17 0.2 0.1 M M M M M 45000 -56.6 -69.9 255 43 22 -1.8 -1.0 M M M M M 40000 -59.3 -74.7 265 49 25 0.8 0.4 M M M M M 38000 -55.5 -67.9 265 48 25 6.7 3.7 M M M M M 36000 -51.4 -60.5 265 47 24 6.7 3.7 M M M M M 34000 -47.0 -52.6 265 43 22 8.0 4.4 M M M M M 32000 -42.1 -43.8 265 38 20 8.0 4.4 M M M M M 30000 -36.7 -34.1 265 34 18 8.1 4.5 27.0 80.7 3.4 M M 29000 -34.2 -29.6 265 33 17 8.1 4.5 26.5 79.6 2.9 M M 28000 -31.8 -25.2 265 31 16 8.1 4.5 26.0 78.8 2.6 M M 27000 -29.6 -21.3 265 29 15 7.2 4.0 25.0 77.1 1.8 M M 26000 -27.4 -17.3 265 27 14 7.2 4.0 24.1 75.3 1.1 M M 25000 -25.2 -13.4 265 25 13 7.2 4.0 23.2 73.8 0.4 M M 24000 -23.2 -9.8 260 24 12 6.4 3.5 22.1 71.8 -0.5 1554 7.9 23000 -21.3 -6.3 255 23 12 6.4 3.5 20.9 69.7 -1.6 1466 7.4 22000 -19.4 -2.9 250 22 11 6.3 3.5 19.9 67.7 -2.6 1379 7.0 21000 -17.2 1.0 250 20 10 7.7 4.3 19.0 66.2 -3.4 1285 6.5 20000 -14.9 5.2 250 18 9 7.9 4.3 18.3 65.0 -4.1 1187 6.0 19500 -13.8 7.2 250 16 8 8.0 4.4 18.0 64.5 -4.4 1138 5.8 19000 -12.6 9.3 250 15 8 9.3 5.1 17.8 64.1 -4.7 1088 5.5 18500 -11.2 11.8 250 15 8 9.8 5.4 17.8 64.1 -4.7 1029 5.2 18000 -9.7 14.5 250 15 8 9.8 5.4 17.9 64.1 -4.7 970 4.9 17500 -8.2 17.2 250 15 8 10.0 5.5 17.9 64.2 -4.8 911 4.6 17000 -6.7 19.9 250 15 8 10.0 5.5 17.9 64.2 -4.7 851 4.3 16500 -5.2 22.6 250 15 8 9.6 5.2 17.9 64.3 -4.8 792 4.0 16000 -3.8 25.2 250 15 8 9.5 5.2 17.9 64.2 -4.8 735 3.7 15500 -2.4 27.7 255 15 8 9.6 5.2 17.8 64.1 -4.9 677 3.4 15000 -0.9 30.4 255 14 7 9.7 5.3 17.8 64.1 -4.9 619 3.1 14500 1.1 34.0 250 14 7 8.3 4.6 17.7 63.9 -5.1 535 2.7 14000 2.4 36.3 245 13 7 8.5 4.7 17.5 63.6 -5.3 481 2.4 13500 3.7 38.7 240 12 6 7.8 4.3 17.4 63.3 -5.5 428 2.2 13000 4.7 40.5 235 11 6 6.8 3.7 16.9 62.4 -6.0 383 1.9 12500 5.7 42.3 225 10 5 6.6 3.6 16.4 61.6 -6.5 339 1.7 12000 6.6 43.9 220 9 5 6.0 3.3 15.9 60.7 -7.1 297 1.5 11750 7.0 44.6 215 9 5 5.7 3.2 15.6 60.1 -7.5 278 1.4 11500 7.4 45.3 210 9 4 5.2 2.9 15.3 59.6 -7.8 259 1.3 11250 7.7 45.9 210 8 4 4.0 2.2 14.9 58.8 -8.3 243 1.2 11000 7.9 46.2 210 9 4 3.7 2.0 14.4 58.0 -8.8 229 1.2 10750 8.1 46.6 205 9 4 3.6 2.0 14.0 57.2 -9.3 215 1.1 10500 8.2 46.8 205 9 5 1.3 0.7 13.5 56.2 -10.0 203 1.0 10250 8.1 46.6 205 9 5 -2.1 -1.1 12.7 54.8 -10.8 199 1.0 10000 7.8 46.0 210 8 4 -3.9 -2.1 11.7 53.0 -11.9 201 1.0 9750 7.5 45.5 210 8 4 -1.2 -0.6 10.7 51.3 -13.0 202 1.0 9500 7.4 45.3 210 7 3 -4.1 -2.2 9.9 49.8 -13.9 200 1.0 9250 6.6 43.9 230 4 2 -18.0 -9.9 8.4 47.1 -15.5 217 1.1 9000 5.3 41.5 275 4 2 -9.2 -5.1 6.3 43.3 -17.5 248 1.3 8750 M M M M M M M M M M M M 8500 M M M M M M M M M M M M 8250 M M M M M M M M M M M M 8000 M M M M M M M M M M M M * * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * * 05/29/2024 at 0900 MDT | 05/29/2024 at 1200 MDT | CAPE... +246.4 LI... -1.4 | CAPE... +273.5 LI... -1.6 CINH... -132.0 K Index... +10.9 | CINH... -2.8 K Index... +8.2 | Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50000 -55.9 -68.6 270 29 15 0.1 0.1 | -55.1 -67.2 260 26 13 0.5 0.3 45000 -56.3 -69.3 260 42 22 -2.1 -1.1 | -55.3 -67.5 265 39 20 -3.1 -1.7 40000 -59.4 -74.9 255 49 25 0.2 0.1 | -59.9 -75.8 250 49 25 -1.3 -0.7 38000 -55.7 -68.3 255 47 24 6.5 3.6 | -56.3 -69.3 250 46 24 6.8 3.7 36000 -51.8 -61.2 255 44 23 6.5 3.6 | -52.2 -62.0 255 42 22 6.7 3.7 34000 -47.2 -53.0 255 42 21 8.4 4.6 | -47.4 -53.3 255 40 21 8.9 4.9 32000 -41.5 -42.7 255 39 20 8.4 4.6 | -41.4 -42.5 255 39 20 8.9 4.9 30000 -36.6 -33.9 260 36 19 8.1 4.4 | -36.6 -33.9 260 36 19 7.6 4.1 29000 -34.2 -29.6 260 35 18 8.1 4.4 | -34.3 -29.7 260 35 18 7.6 4.1 28000 -31.7 -25.1 260 34 18 8.1 4.5 | -32.0 -25.6 260 33 17 7.6 4.2 27000 -29.6 -21.3 265 32 16 6.9 3.8 | -29.8 -21.6 260 30 15 7.2 4.0 26000 -27.5 -17.5 265 28 15 6.9 3.8 | -27.7 -17.9 260 26 13 7.2 4.0 25000 -25.4 -13.7 265 25 13 6.9 3.8 | -25.5 -13.9 260 22 12 7.2 4.0 24000 -23.3 -9.9 265 22 12 7.3 4.0 | -23.5 -10.3 260 20 10 6.3 3.5 23000 -21.1 -6.0 265 20 10 7.3 4.0 | -21.7 -7.1 265 19 10 6.3 3.5 22000 -18.9 -2.0 265 17 9 7.3 4.0 | -19.8 -3.6 270 18 9 6.2 3.4 21000 -16.9 1.6 265 15 8 6.7 3.7 | -17.6 0.3 270 17 9 8.1 4.4 20000 -14.9 5.2 260 14 7 6.9 3.8 | -15.2 4.6 260 15 8 8.1 4.4 19500 -13.9 7.0 255 13 7 7.1 3.9 | -14.0 6.8 255 15 8 8.1 4.5 19000 -12.9 8.8 250 12 6 8.9 4.9 | -12.8 9.0 250 14 7 9.0 4.9 18500 -11.4 11.5 250 12 6 9.5 5.2 | -11.4 11.5 250 14 7 9.4 5.2 18000 -10.0 14.0 250 12 6 9.6 5.3 | -10.0 14.0 245 14 7 9.4 5.2 17500 -8.5 16.7 250 12 6 9.9 5.4 | -8.5 16.7 245 14 7 9.4 5.2 17000 -7.0 19.4 250 12 6 9.9 5.4 | -7.1 19.2 245 13 7 9.4 5.2 16500 -5.6 21.9 250 12 6 9.6 5.2 | -5.7 21.7 245 13 7 9.6 5.3 16000 -4.2 24.4 250 12 6 9.5 5.2 | -4.3 24.3 240 13 7 9.7 5.3 15500 -2.8 27.0 250 11 6 9.5 5.2 | -2.1 28.2 240 12 6 9.7 5.3 15000 -0.6 30.9 255 10 5 9.7 5.3 | -0.6 30.9 235 12 6 9.9 5.5 14500 0.7 33.3 255 10 5 8.8 4.8 | 0.7 33.3 235 12 6 8.7 4.8 14000 2.1 35.8 260 10 5 9.4 5.1 | 2.1 35.8 235 13 7 9.3 5.1 13500 3.6 38.5 260 11 6 7.7 4.2 | 3.6 38.5 230 13 7 8.1 4.4 13000 4.7 40.5 255 12 6 8.8 4.8 | 4.8 40.6 230 13 7 10.2 5.6 12500 5.9 42.6 250 13 6 7.8 4.3 | 6.3 43.3 230 13 7 9.1 5.0 12000 6.9 44.4 245 13 7 5.7 3.1 | 7.3 45.1 225 13 7 8.3 4.5 11750 7.3 45.1 245 13 7 5.8 3.2 | 8.0 46.4 220 12 6 10.6 5.8 11500 7.7 45.9 240 13 7 5.0 2.7 | 8.7 47.7 220 12 6 9.9 5.5 11250 7.9 46.2 240 13 7 3.0 1.7 | 9.4 48.9 220 12 6 9.3 5.1 11000 8.1 46.6 235 13 7 2.8 1.5 | 10.0 50.0 220 12 6 8.9 4.9 10750 8.2 46.8 230 13 7 1.9 1.0 | 10.7 51.3 220 12 6 9.8 5.4 10500 8.2 46.8 230 13 7 1.6 0.9 | 11.5 52.7 215 11 6 10.7 5.8 10250 8.4 47.1 225 13 7 3.5 1.9 | 12.2 54.0 215 11 6 10.4 5.7 10000 8.6 47.5 225 12 6 4.1 2.3 | 13.0 55.4 215 11 6 10.9 6.0 9750 8.8 47.8 220 11 6 3.8 2.1 | 13.8 56.8 215 11 6 9.6 5.2 9500 9.1 48.4 220 10 5 11.0 6.0 | 14.6 58.3 215 11 5 15.0 8.2 9250 10.4 50.7 215 9 5 24.8 13.6 | 16.3 61.3 215 10 5 30.8 16.9 9000 12.0 53.6 215 7 4 8.3 4.6 | 18.5 65.3 215 9 5 23.1 12.7 8750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 05/29/2024 at 1500 MDT | 05/29/2024 at 1800 MDT | CAPE... +83.1 LI... +0.2 | CAPE... +88.5 LI... -0.5 CINH... -4.9 K Index... +20.4 | CINH... -51.6 K Index... +22.4 | Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50000 -56.1 -69.0 255 29 15 0.4 0.2 | -57.0 -70.6 255 28 14 0.1 0.1 45000 -56.2 -69.2 260 39 20 -2.0 -1.1 | -56.9 -70.4 270 32 17 -0.5 -0.3 40000 -59.2 -74.6 260 44 23 0.4 0.2 | -57.7 -71.9 270 37 19 0.9 0.5 38000 -55.5 -67.9 260 43 22 6.5 3.5 | -55.0 -67.0 265 37 19 4.9 2.7 36000 -51.6 -60.9 255 42 22 6.5 3.5 | -52.0 -61.6 265 37 19 4.9 2.7 34000 -47.2 -53.0 255 40 21 8.0 4.4 | -47.8 -54.0 265 34 17 8.7 4.7 32000 -42.4 -44.3 260 38 20 8.0 4.4 | -42.6 -44.7 265 27 14 8.7 4.7 30000 -36.9 -34.4 265 35 18 8.0 4.4 | -36.7 -34.1 265 22 11 8.7 4.8 29000 -34.5 -30.1 270 33 17 8.0 4.4 | -34.1 -29.4 260 20 10 8.7 4.8 28000 -32.1 -25.8 275 32 16 8.0 4.4 | -31.5 -24.7 255 19 10 8.8 4.8 27000 -29.8 -21.6 275 29 15 7.6 4.2 | -29.3 -20.7 255 18 10 7.3 4.0 26000 -27.5 -17.5 275 25 13 7.7 4.2 | -27.1 -16.8 250 19 10 7.3 4.0 25000 -25.3 -13.5 270 21 11 7.7 4.2 | -24.9 -12.8 245 19 10 7.3 4.0 24000 -23.0 -9.4 270 18 9 7.5 4.1 | -22.8 -9.0 240 19 10 7.1 3.9 23000 -20.8 -5.4 270 15 8 7.5 4.1 | -20.7 -5.3 235 20 10 7.1 3.9 22000 -18.6 -1.5 265 13 7 7.5 4.1 | -18.6 -1.5 230 21 11 7.0 3.8 21000 -16.2 2.8 255 11 6 8.1 4.5 | -16.3 2.7 230 22 11 8.1 4.5 20000 -13.8 7.2 245 10 5 8.2 4.5 | -13.9 7.0 230 23 12 8.2 4.5 19500 -12.6 9.3 240 10 5 8.2 4.5 | -12.7 9.1 230 23 12 8.2 4.5 19000 -11.4 11.5 235 10 5 8.1 4.4 | -11.5 11.3 235 24 12 8.2 4.5 18500 -10.2 13.6 230 10 5 8.0 4.4 | -10.3 13.5 230 23 12 8.2 4.5 18000 -9.0 15.8 230 11 5 8.1 4.4 | -9.1 15.6 230 23 12 8.2 4.5 17500 -7.8 18.0 225 11 6 8.7 4.8 | -7.8 18.0 230 23 12 8.4 4.6 17000 -6.5 20.3 225 12 6 8.6 4.7 | -6.6 20.1 235 22 12 8.4 4.6 16500 -5.2 22.6 225 13 7 8.8 4.9 | -5.4 22.3 235 22 11 8.6 4.7 16000 -3.9 25.0 225 14 7 8.9 4.9 | -4.1 24.6 235 22 11 8.6 4.7 15500 -2.6 27.3 225 15 8 9.1 5.0 | -2.8 27.0 240 22 11 8.6 4.7 15000 -1.2 29.8 220 15 8 9.5 5.2 | -1.0 30.2 245 21 11 8.7 4.8 14500 0.2 32.4 220 16 8 9.2 5.1 | 0.1 32.2 245 21 11 7.5 4.1 14000 2.4 36.3 220 16 8 9.8 5.4 | 1.4 34.5 250 21 11 8.7 4.8 13500 3.9 39.0 220 16 8 8.0 4.4 | 2.8 37.0 250 20 10 6.7 3.7 13000 5.2 41.4 220 17 9 11.2 6.2 | 3.8 38.8 255 20 11 9.4 5.2 12500 6.8 44.2 220 17 9 10.2 5.6 | 5.1 41.2 260 20 11 8.7 4.7 12000 8.1 46.6 220 17 9 9.5 5.2 | 6.2 43.2 265 21 11 7.6 4.2 11750 9.0 48.2 220 17 9 11.6 6.4 | 6.9 44.4 270 21 11 9.2 5.1 11500 9.8 49.6 220 17 9 10.7 5.9 | 7.5 45.5 270 21 11 8.8 4.8 11250 10.5 50.9 220 17 9 9.6 5.3 | 8.2 46.8 270 21 11 7.8 4.3 11000 11.2 52.2 220 17 9 8.9 4.9 | 8.7 47.7 275 21 11 7.0 3.8 10750 11.9 53.4 220 17 9 10.3 5.6 | 9.2 48.6 275 21 11 7.8 4.3 10500 12.8 55.0 220 17 9 11.2 6.1 | 9.8 49.6 280 21 11 8.5 4.7 10250 13.6 56.5 220 17 9 10.5 5.8 | 10.5 50.9 280 21 11 9.6 5.3 10000 14.4 57.9 220 17 9 10.5 5.8 | 11.2 52.2 280 20 11 10.5 5.8 9750 15.1 59.2 220 17 9 10.1 5.5 | 12.0 53.6 280 20 10 9.9 5.5 9500 16.0 60.8 220 16 8 14.1 7.7 | 12.8 55.0 280 19 10 11.1 6.1 9250 17.4 63.3 220 15 8 24.8 13.6 | 13.7 56.7 280 17 9 15.5 8.5 9000 19.3 66.7 220 13 7 25.3 13.9 | 15.0 59.0 280 13 7 19.1 10.5 8750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M 8000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M ________________________________________________________________________________ This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT (1330 UTC). It is not continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance. The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or numerical weather prediction model data taken near Villa Grove, Colorado at: North Latitude: 38 deg 16 min 03 sec West Longitude: 105 deg 53 min 37 sec Elevation: 7986 feet (2434 meters) and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to data which appear to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should not be used. The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in the soaring forecast. DEFINITIONS: CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the energy available for convective development, also known as the positive area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should convective activity develop. CIN (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft, lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.) Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass, if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are produced by surface heating only. Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a "trigger temperature" for that level. Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius. Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain waves. K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158 and is reproduced in the following table: below -10 no or weak thermals -10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals 5 to 15 good soaring conditions 15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers 20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing probability of showers and thunderstorms above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate inversions. Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation. Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with positive values showing stable conditions. Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation. Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index are applied to these calculations. Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature. Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger temperature and the time of overdevelopment. Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus) or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud. Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests that little sunlight is reaching the ground. Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights: 1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists) where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more 2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists) where the wind speed no longer increases with height PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA) on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring. Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached and the time of overdevelopment. Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values are indicative of thermal lift. Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following: Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating >= 800 fpm Excellent >= 400 and < 800 fpm Good >= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair < 200 fpm Poor Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena, which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur: 1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover 2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts 3. initiation of widespread precipitation Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to reach the trigger temperature. Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000 feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic. Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough movements. 042613