Fire Weather Point Forecast Matrices Issued by NWS
000
FOUS54 KLUB 251448 AAA
PFWLUB
FIRE WEATHER POINT FORECAST MATRICES...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LUBBOCK TX
948 AM CDT SAT MAY 25 2013
TXZ024-252215-
CAPROCK RAWS-BRISCOE TX
34.41N 101.05W ELEV. 2561 FT
948 AM CDT SAT MAY 25 2013
DATE SAT 05/25/13 SUN 05/26/13 MON 05/27/13
UTC 3HRLY 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00
CDT 3HRLY 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
MAX/MIN TEMP 86 66 95 67 98
TEMP 73 81 85 84 76 72 69 68 78 88 93 91 81 76 72 69 79 90 96 94
DEWPT 61 60 59 58 60 61 61 62 62 61 58 56 58 60 62 61 61 60 59 57
MIN/MAX RH 41 81 30 76 29
RH 66 49 41 41 58 68 76 81 58 40 31 31 46 58 71 76 54 37 29 29
WIND DIR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
WIND SPD 12 14 16 17 14 13 12 13 14 16 18 20 19 17 13 13 14 18 20 20
CLOUDS B1 B1 B1 SC B1 B1 B1 B2 SC SC SC SC SC FW SC SC SC FW SC B1
CLOUDS(%) 62 52 51 50 52 54 62 71 49 28 36 45 34 24 34 44 33 22 37 52
POP 12HR 10 20 10 10 20
QPF 12HR 0 0 0 0 0.02
RAIN SHWRS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS
TSTMS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS
LAL 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
HAINES 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
MIXING HGT 4 6 8 6 3 2 1 2 3 7 14 8 3 1 1 1 3 13 15 <1
T WIND DIR S S S S S S S S SW SW SW S S S SW SW SW SW SW S
T WIND SPD 19 17 16 23 26 24 25 21 20 17 13 25 28 25 23 18 23 24 25 24
RFTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
RFTI CATEGORY NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO EL NO NO NO NO NO NO EL EL
DATE TUE 05/28/13 WED 05/29/13 THU 05/30/13 FRI 05/31/13
UTC 6HRLY 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00
CDT 6HRLY 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19
MIN/MAX TEMP 68 91 67 89 64 93 66 92
TEMP 77 70 85 88 74 69 84 87 72 66 86 90 75 68 86 89
DEWPT 59 60 59 56 58 62 61 60 61 62 56 53 56 60 54 51
MAX/MIN RH 72 34 78 40 86 27 76 25
RH 54 71 41 34 57 78 46 40 68 87 36 28 52 76 34 27
PWIND DIR S S S S S SW S S
WIND CHAR 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> <15
AVG CLOUDS B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC B1 SC SC SC SC SC
POP 12HR 20 20 20 30 30 20 20 10
RAIN SHWRS IS IS IS SC SC IS IS IS
TSTMS IS IS IS SC SC IS IS IS
$$
TXZ026-252215-
CHILDRESS-CHILDRESS TX
34.43N 100.28W ELEV. 1952 FT
948 AM CDT SAT MAY 25 2013
DATE SAT 05/25/13 SUN 05/26/13 MON 05/27/13
UTC 3HRLY 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00
CDT 3HRLY 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
MAX/MIN TEMP 88 68 94 68 99
TEMP 75 83 87 86 78 74 71 70 78 87 92 91 81 76 73 70 80 91 97 95
DEWPT 62 62 61 61 62 63 63 63 63 63 61 59 60 62 63 63 63 63 61 59
MIN/MAX RH 42 80 34 78 30
RH 64 49 42 43 58 69 76 78 60 45 36 34 49 62 71 78 56 40 31 30
WIND DIR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
WIND SPD 13 17 18 17 14 13 12 11 14 18 20 21 19 16 13 13 16 20 21 21
CLOUDS B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 SC FW SC SC
CLOUDS(%) 63 53 52 51 52 54 66 79 56 34 38 42 34 26 40 53 38 23 37 50
POP 12HR 10 10 10 10 20
QPF 12HR 0 0 0 0 0.01
RAIN SHWRS IS IS IS
TSTMS IS IS IS
LAL 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
HAINES 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
MIXING HGT 4 7 8 5 3 2 1 2 3 7 8 6 5 1 1 1 3 5 13 7
T WIND DIR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SW S
T WIND SPD 19 20 18 25 28 23 23 19 19 20 20 28 29 21 19 17 25 25 26 31
RFTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2
RFTI CATEGORY NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO EL EL NO NO NO NO NO EL EL EL
DATE TUE 05/28/13 WED 05/29/13 THU 05/30/13 FRI 05/31/13
UTC 6HRLY 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00
CDT 6HRLY 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19
MIN/MAX TEMP 69 92 67 87 65 92 66 93
TEMP 78 71 86 89 75 69 83 85 72 67 86 89 74 68 87 90
DEWPT 61 62 60 57 60 62 63 61 63 64 61 58 61 63 60 58
MAX/MIN RH 73 33 78 43 90 34 82 32
RH 56 73 42 34 60 78 51 45 73 90 43 35 64 84 40 34
PWIND DIR S S S S S S S S
WIND CHAR 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> <15
AVG CLOUDS SC B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC
POP 12HR 20 10 20 30 30 20 20 10
RAIN SHWRS IS IS SC SC SC IS IS
TSTMS IS IS SC SC SC IS IS
$$
TXZ043-252215-
JAYTON RAWS-KENT TX
33.23N 100.57W ELEV. 1905 FT
948 AM CDT SAT MAY 25 2013
DATE SAT 05/25/13 SUN 05/26/13 MON 05/27/13
UTC 3HRLY 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00
CDT 3HRLY 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
MAX/MIN TEMP 87 68 93 67 97
TEMP 75 82 86 85 77 74 71 69 78 87 91 90 80 75 71 69 79 90 95 93
DEWPT 64 64 62 60 62 63 64 64 65 64 62 60 61 62 63 63 63 63 62 60
MIN/MAX RH 44 84 37 81 33
RH 69 55 45 43 60 69 79 84 64 46 38 37 52 64 76 81 58 41 34 33
WIND DIR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
WIND SPD 12 14 14 13 13 13 13 12 13 16 19 20 17 13 12 12 16 20 21 20
CLOUDS B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 B2 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 SC FW SC SC
CLOUDS(%) 63 54 54 54 55 57 70 83 63 44 41 38 32 26 38 51 36 21 30 40
POP 12HR 10 10 10 10 10
QPF 12HR 0 0 0 0 0
RAIN SHWRS IS
TSTMS IS
LAL 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
HAINES 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3
MIXING HGT 3 7 7 5 2 2 1 2 3 6 6 5 2 2 1 <1 3 5 7 5
T WIND DIR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
T WIND SPD 16 17 17 21 25 20 24 19 18 18 20 26 24 25 18 13 25 24 25 31
RFTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1
RFTI CATEGORY NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO EL NO NO NO NO NO EL EL EL
DATE TUE 05/28/13 WED 05/29/13 THU 05/30/13 FRI 05/31/13
UTC 6HRLY 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00
CDT 6HRLY 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19
MIN/MAX TEMP 68 92 67 88 67 92 68 95
TEMP 77 70 86 89 75 69 83 86 74 69 86 90 76 70 89 92
DEWPT 61 63 60 56 60 62 63 61 65 66 62 58 63 66 62 59
MAX/MIN RH 78 33 79 42 93 34 87 32
RH 58 78 42 33 60 78 51 43 74 90 45 34 64 87 41 33
PWIND DIR S S S S S S S S
WIND CHAR 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15>
AVG CLOUDS SC B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC
POP 12HR 20 10 20 30 30 20 20 10
RAIN SHWRS IS IS SC SC SC IS IS
TSTMS IS IS SC SC SC IS IS
$$
TXZ035-252215-
LUBBOCK-LUBBOCK TX
33.67N 101.82W ELEV. 3280 FT
948 AM CDT SAT MAY 25 2013
DATE SAT 05/25/13 SUN 05/26/13 MON 05/27/13
UTC 3HRLY 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00
CDT 3HRLY 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
MAX/MIN TEMP 85 65 95 65 98
TEMP 73 81 84 83 75 71 68 67 77 88 93 91 80 74 70 67 78 90 96 94
DEWPT 61 60 58 57 58 60 61 62 62 61 57 54 56 60 61 61 61 60 58 56
MIN/MAX RH 40 85 28 80 28
RH 66 49 41 41 55 68 78 84 60 40 30 29 44 62 73 81 56 37 28 28
WIND DIR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
WIND SPD 11 13 14 16 14 13 13 14 14 16 18 20 19 17 13 13 14 18 19 20
CLOUDS B1 B1 SC SC B1 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC FW SC SC SC FW SC B1
CLOUDS(%) 61 51 50 49 51 54 60 65 47 29 36 43 32 22 30 38 31 23 38 52
POP 12HR 10 20 10 20 20
QPF 12HR 0 0.02 0 0.01 0.02
RAIN SHWRS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS
TSTMS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS
LAL 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
HAINES 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 3 4 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
MIXING HGT 3 5 7 6 3 1 <1 2 2 6 14 10 5 2 2 1 2 12 14 11
T WIND DIR S S S S S SE S S S SW SW S S S S S S SW SW S
T WIND SPD 18 14 14 21 23 18 17 23 17 13 12 21 28 28 26 17 19 21 25 26
RFTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
RFTI CATEGORY NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO EL NO NO NO NO NO NO EL EL
DATE TUE 05/28/13 WED 05/29/13 THU 05/30/13 FRI 05/31/13
UTC 6HRLY 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00
CDT 6HRLY 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19
MIN/MAX TEMP 65 91 65 90 64 93 66 96
TEMP 75 68 84 88 73 67 84 88 72 66 86 90 75 68 89 93
DEWPT 59 60 59 56 58 60 58 50 57 59 53 46 53 58 52 45
MAX/MIN RH 77 34 79 27 79 22 70 19
RH 58 76 43 34 59 78 41 27 59 78 32 22 46 70 28 19
PWIND DIR S S S S S SW S S
WIND CHAR 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> <15
AVG CLOUDS B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC B1 SC SC SC SC SC FW FW
POP 12HR 20 20 20 30 30 10 10 10
RAIN SHWRS IS IS IS SC SC IS
TSTMS IS IS IS SC SC IS
$$
TXZ031-252215-
MATADOR RAWS-COTTLE TX
34.13N 100.42W ELEV. 1900 FT
948 AM CDT SAT MAY 25 2013
DATE SAT 05/25/13 SUN 05/26/13 MON 05/27/13
UTC 3HRLY 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00
CDT 3HRLY 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
MAX/MIN TEMP 87 68 94 69 98
TEMP 75 82 86 85 78 74 71 70 78 87 92 91 81 77 73 71 81 91 96 94
DEWPT 63 62 61 61 62 63 63 63 64 63 61 59 60 63 63 63 63 63 61 59
MIN/MAX RH 43 80 34 78 31
RH 66 51 43 45 58 69 76 78 62 45 36 34 49 62 71 76 54 40 32 31
WIND DIR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
WIND SPD 13 16 17 16 14 13 13 12 14 17 20 20 19 16 13 13 16 20 21 21
CLOUDS B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 B1 SC SC SC SC FW SC B1 SC FW SC SC
CLOUDS(%) 63 53 53 53 53 54 67 81 59 38 40 43 32 22 37 51 37 22 36 49
POP 12HR 10 10 10 10 10
QPF 12HR 0 0 0 0 0
RAIN SHWRS IS IS IS
TSTMS IS IS IS
LAL 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
HAINES 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3
MIXING HGT 4 7 7 5 3 2 1 2 3 7 8 6 4 <1 1 1 3 5 12 7
T WIND DIR S S S S S S S S SW S S S S S S S S S S S
T WIND SPD 19 19 19 23 27 23 24 20 19 20 21 27 28 20 21 17 26 25 26 29
RFTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2
RFTI CATEGORY NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO EL EL NO NO NO NO NO EL EL EL
DATE TUE 05/28/13 WED 05/29/13 THU 05/30/13 FRI 05/31/13
UTC 6HRLY 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00
CDT 6HRLY 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19
MIN/MAX TEMP 70 91 68 88 66 93 67 93
TEMP 79 72 86 88 75 70 84 86 73 68 87 90 75 69 87 90
DEWPT 61 63 60 57 60 62 63 61 64 64 61 58 62 63 61 58
MAX/MIN RH 73 34 76 42 88 34 81 32
RH 54 73 42 35 60 76 49 43 73 87 42 34 64 81 42 34
PWIND DIR S S S S S S S S
WIND CHAR 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> <15
AVG CLOUDS SC B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC
POP 12HR 20 10 20 30 30 20 20 10
RAIN SHWRS IS IS SC SC SC IS IS
TSTMS IS IS SC SC SC IS IS
$$
TXZ029-252215-
PLAINVIEW-HALE TX
34.18N 101.71W ELEV. 3372 FT
948 AM CDT SAT MAY 25 2013
DATE SAT 05/25/13 SUN 05/26/13 MON 05/27/13
UTC 3HRLY 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00
CDT 3HRLY 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 01 04 07 10 13 16 19
MAX/MIN TEMP 85 62 94 64 97
TEMP 72 80 84 83 74 69 66 64 75 86 92 90 79 73 69 66 77 89 95 93
DEWPT 59 58 57 56 57 59 60 60 60 59 54 51 55 59 60 60 59 58 55 53
MIN/MAX RH 39 88 27 80 26
RH 64 47 40 40 55 70 81 87 60 40 28 26 44 62 73 81 54 35 26 26
WIND DIR S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SW S S S S
WIND SPD 11 13 14 16 14 13 13 13 14 16 18 20 19 17 14 13 14 18 19 20
CLOUDS B1 SC SC SC B1 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC FW FW FW FW FW SC B1
CLOUDS(%) 61 50 50 49 52 54 59 64 46 27 35 42 33 24 25 25 24 23 38 52
POP 12HR 10 20 10 20 20
QPF 12HR 0 0.04 0 0.02 0.02
RAIN SHWRS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS
TSTMS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS
LAL 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
HAINES 3 3 3 4 3 6 5 5 6 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
MIXING HGT 3 6 8 6 5 1 <1 2 2 6 16 12 5 2 2 <1 2 12 14 5
T WIND DIR S S S S S S S S S SW SW S S S SW SW SW SW SW S
T WIND SPD 19 13 13 20 26 19 19 25 20 13 13 21 29 31 29 19 20 24 26 27
RFTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
RFTI CATEGORY NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO EL NO NO NO NO NO NO EL EL
DATE TUE 05/28/13 WED 05/29/13 THU 05/30/13 FRI 05/31/13
UTC 6HRLY 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00
CDT 6HRLY 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19 01 07 13 19
MIN/MAX TEMP 64 92 64 89 63 92 64 93
TEMP 74 67 85 88 73 66 83 87 71 65 85 89 73 66 86 90
DEWPT 58 59 58 55 56 59 57 50 56 57 51 45 51 56 49 43
MAX/MIN RH 75 31 78 28 75 22 69 19
RH 57 75 40 33 55 78 41 28 59 75 31 22 46 70 28 20
PWIND DIR S S S S S SW S SW
WIND CHAR 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> 15> <15
AVG CLOUDS SC B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC FW FW
POP 12HR 20 20 20 30 30 10 10 10
RAIN SHWRS IS IS IS SC SC IS
TSTMS IS IS IS SC SC IS
$$
BELOW IS A WEATHER ELEMENT KEY FOR THIS PRODUCT
DAY 1 THROUGH 3...
MAX/MIN TEMP OR MIN/MAX TEMP(F).....MAXIMUM/MINIMUM AIR TEMPERATURE
TEMP(F).............................AIR TEMPERATURE
DEWPT(F)............................DEW POINT TEMPERATURE
MIN/MAX RH OR MAX/MIN RH(%).........MAXIMUM/MINIMUM HUMIDITY
RH(%)...............................RELATIVE HUMIDITY
WIND DIR(8 POINT COMPASS)...........20 FT. WIND DIRECTION
WIND SPD(MPH).......................20 FT. WIND SPEED
WIND CHILL..........................WIND CHILL TEMPERATURE
HEAT INDX...........................HEAT INDEX
CLOUDS(CAT).........................CLOUD COVER CATEGORY
EXAMPLE: CL = CLEAR; FW = FEW; SC = SCATTERED;
B1 = MOSTLY CLOUDY; B2 = CONSIDERABLE CLOUDS; OV = OVERCAST
CLOUDS(%)...........................CLOUD COVER AS A PERCENTAGE
POP 12HR(%).........................PROBABILITY FOR ACCUMULATING PRECIPITATION
QPF 12HR(IN)........................LIQUID EQUIVALENT PRECIPITATION AMOUNT
WEATHER...
TYPE...
RAIN...........RAIN
RAIN SHWRS.....RAIN SHOWERS
TSTMS..........THUNDERSTORMS
DRIZZLE........DRIZZLE
SNOW...........SNOW
SNOWSHWRS......SNOW SHOWERS
SLEET..........SLEET
FLURRIES.......FLURRIES
FRZG RAIN......FREEZING RAIN
FRZG DRZL......FREEZING DRIZZLE
COVERAGE...
IS.............ISOLATED
SC.............SCATTERED
NM.............NUMEROUS
O..............OCCASIONAL
S..............SLIGHT CHANCE
C..............CHANCE
L..............LIKELY
WD.............WIDESPREAD
D..............DEFINITE
AR.............AREAS
PA.............PATCHY
OBVIS...............................OBSTRUCTION TO VISIBILITY
TYPE...
F..............FOG
PF.............PATCHY FOG
F+.............DENSE FOG
H..............HAZE
BS.............BLOWING SNOW
K..............SMOKE
BD.............BLOWING DUST
AF.............VOLCANIC ASHFALL
LAL(CAT)............................LIGHTNING ACTIVITY LEVEL
HAINES(CAT).........................HAINES INDEX
MIXING HGT(THOUSANDS OF FT AGL)........MIXING HEIGHT
EXAMPLE: 6 = 6000 FEET; 12 = 12000 FEET; <1 = LESS THAN 1000 FEET
T WIND DIR(8 POINT COMPASS).........TRANSPORT WIND DIRECTION
T WIND SPD(MPH).....................TRANSPORT WIND SPEED
RFTI................................RED FLAG THREAT INDEX
CATEGORY...
HS............HISTORICALLY CRITICAL
EX............EXTREMELY CRITICAL
CH............CRITICAL - HIGH
CL............CRITICAL - LOW
EL............ELEVATED
NO............NONE
WATCH/WARNING/ADVISORY...
EXAMPLE: W = WARNING; Y = ADVISORY; A = WATCH
IN EFFECT FOR THE INDICATED HOUR
DAY 4 THROUGH 7...
MAX/MIN TEMP OR MIN/MAX TEMP(F).....MAXIMUM/MINIMUM AIR TEMPERATURE
TEMP(F).............................AIR TEMPERATURE
DEWPT(F)............................DEW POINT TEMPERATURE
RH(%)...............................RELATIVE HUMIDITY
WIND SPD(MPH).......................20 FT. WIND SPEED
EXAMPLE: <15 = LESS THAN 15 MPH; 15> = 15 MPH OR GREATER
AVE CLOUDS(CAT).....................AVERAGE CLOUD COVER CATEGORY
POP 12HR(%).........................PROBABILITY FOR ACCUMULATING PRECIPITATION
WEATHER...
SEE DAY 1 THROUGH 3 WEATHER DESCRIPTIONS