000
FXUS63 KGRB 152358
AFDGRB

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Green Bay WI
658 PM CDT Mon Apr 15 2024

Updated aviation portion for 00Z TAF issuance

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Elevated fire weather conditions will persist into Tuesday,
  mainly across northern Wisconsin, due to low relative humidity
  and increasing easterly winds.

- Showers and a few embedded thunderstorms are expected from late
  Tuesday afternoon into Wednesday. Widespread severe weather is
  not expected, but strong winds aloft could mix to the surface
  with any storms or heavier showers. Heavy rainfall will be
  likely regionwide.

- Strong east to southeast winds are expected Tuesday into Tuesday
  night, with gusts of 30 to 45 mph. The strongest gusts are
  anticipated across central Wisconsin. A Gale Watch is in effect
  for Tuesday night.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 222 PM CDT Mon Apr 15 2024

Short Term...Tonight and Tuesday

Main forecast concerns will be on elevated fire weather
conditions mainly over northern WI, increasing east winds and
timing of rain on Tuesday.

The 19Z MSAS surface analysis indicated a ridge of high pressure
that stretched from the Manitoba/Ontario border south through the
western Great Lakes. An area of low pressure is situated over the
central High Plains with a warm front extended east into the mid-
MS Valley. Visible satellite imagery picked on a batch of mid-
clouds over the Upper MS Valley.

The high pressure will shift into northwest Ontario to the eastern
Great Lakes tonight. Meanwhile, the low pressure will continue to
strengthen over the central Plains. A push of WAA will lift 8H
temperatures into the +5 to +10C range by daybreak, however the
dry air mass still over the region would preclude any need for
pops. We should see middle and high clouds pass overhead at times
with min temperatures in the lower to middle 30s north, upper 30s
to lower 40s south.

This central Plains system is forecast to become vertically-
stacked on Tuesday and slowly move toward the Midwest in the
afternoon. The gulf will be wide open and with a south-southwest
low-level jet at 40 to 50 knots, it will not take long for this
gulf moisture to surge north toward WI. By late afternoon, PW
values nearly double to around 1 inch over central and east-
central WI. This moisture, coupled with the northward moving warm
front into northern IL by 00Z Wednesday and additional lift
provided by the left exit region of the upper jet, will bring a
chance of showers into at least central WI late Tuesday afternoon.
Instability is still rather weak, thus nothing more than a few
rumbles of thunder expected. The other story for Tuesday will be
the strong winds that develop in the morning between the incoming
low pressure and departed high pressure. Gusts by the afternoon
could reach 30-40 mph with a few locations pushing 45 mph,
especially over central WI. Max temperatures to range from the
middle 50s near Lake MI, upper 50s to lower 60s inland.

Long Term...Tuesday Night Through Monday

The main forecast concerns during the extended forecast will be
widespread shower activity, heavy rainfall, isolated to scattered
thunderstorms, and strong east to southeast winds with a low
pressure system Tuesday night into Wednesday.

Vertically stacked/deep low pressure will move from the Central
Plains to southeast MN Tuesday night. A developing 50-60 kt low-
level jet ahead of this system will bring a surge of moisture
(PWATs of 1-1.3 inches) into the forecast area Tuesday night, and
generate strong isentropic ascent over a tight baroclinic zone.
Widespread shower activity will overspread the CWA Tuesday
evening, then lift out of far NE WI during the overnight period.
Showers will continue through Wednesday as the occluding surface
low and strong upper level trough move through WI. Pockets of
heavy rainfall appear likely, with rainfall totals reaching 1 to 2
inches across much of the forecast area. Marginal elevated
instability will move into mainly the south and east parts of the
forecast area Tuesday night, and weak SBCAPE around 200 j/kg may
develop along the occluded front in C/EC WI Wednesday afternoon.
Though widespread severe weather is not expected, cannot rule out
some strong gusts mixing down with any storms or heavier showers
on Tuesday night, when winds of 45-60 knots in the 925-850 mb
layer will be present. Strong east to southeast winds will
continue to strengthen Tuesday evening, with gusts to 30 to 45 mph
(strongest in central WI and the Fox Valley), and potential for
Gale Force gusts on Lake Michigan. A Wind Advisory may be needed
for parts of central WI and the Fox Valley, and a Gale Watch will
be issued for Lake Michigan for Tuesday night.

The remnants of this low lift north into Ontario and eventually
phase with additional energy in central Canada to produce a weak,
slow moving low that tracks well to our north late in the work
week. Suspect most of the precipitation with this system will
remain to our north Thursday into Friday, and the arrival of a
large Canadian high pressure should bring additional dry weather
from Saturday through Monday.

Temperatures will start off above normal midweek, then trend
closer to normal late in the week.

&&

.AVIATION...for 00Z TAF Issuance
Issued at 658 PM CDT Mon Apr 15 2024

VFR conditions will prevail tonight into Tuesday morning with only
some mid and high clouds across the region. A brief sprinkle is
possible is possible at AUW/CWA/RHI from this mid cloud deck.
Flying conditions will deteriorate from southwest to northeast
Tuesday afternoon and evening as a strong low pressure system
works towards the state. Look for low clouds and a large area of
rain to spread into the area. Some thunderstorms will also be
possible, especially across central and eastern WI. MVFR look to
arrive after 7-8pm Tuesday with IFR conditions holding off until
closer to midnight.

Winds will shift to the east this evening and remain generally
under 10 kts. Surface winds will increase Tuesday morning,
becoming gusty by mid-morning. Gusts will increase through the
day, peaking in the afternoon/evening in the 30-40 kt range.
Locally higher gusts are possible.

LLWS looks very marginal tonight, but will continue at RHI, AUW
and CWA late tonight as southeast winds off the deck reach 30-35
kts. LLWS looks likely Tuesday evening as winds aloft increase
significantly, reaching 50-60 kts at 2000 ft.

&&

.GRB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.

&&

$$

DISCUSSION.....Kallas/Kieckbusch
AVIATION.......Bersch