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114
FXUS63 KIND 011901
AFDIND

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Indianapolis IN
301 PM EDT Wed May 1 2024

.KEY MESSAGES...

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- Multiple chances for showers and storms throughout much of the
  forecast period, with continued above normal temperatures.

- Repeated rounds of rainfall may lead to redevelopment of flooding.
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&&

.SHORT TERM (This evening through Thursday)...
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Issued at 300 PM EDT Wed May 1 2024

Latest satellite imagery shows high clouds streaming across Indiana,
which are the result of upstream convective activity. The clouds are
thin enough for a good view of the diurnal cumulus development
currently taking place. These clouds should not be enough to prevent
highs from climbing into the low 80s for much of the area.

Going forward, a weak cold front is sliding in from the northwest.
Surface observations show this front partially through central
Indiana as of 2pm. The parent vort max is well to the north and
east, and any large-scale forcing is essentially absent.
Nevertheless, dew points are in the low 60s south of the front and
enough buoyancy may exist for some isolated showers or
thunderstorms.

Model soundings show little in the way of shear (under 30kt
effective), but relatively steep lapse rates (7.0-7.5 C/Km). Enough
DCAPE may be present for a quick downburst should any convective
core gain sufficient mass. Confidence in this occurring is very low
(less than 15 percent) but is worth mentioning.

Overnight, the front stalls across the area and begins to retreat
northward as a warm front by morning. Throughout this time, however,
the risk of an isolated shower or storm continues. Overall, the
overnight hours should feature gradually veering winds and
occasional mid to high-level cloudiness.

During the day Thursday, the now-warm front is expected to push
northward with renewed warm air advection. Temperatures at 850mb
reach between 15-20C which, combined with efficient boundary layer
mixing, could lead to surface temps well into the 80s. A few
locations may even make a push for 90 especially closer to the Ohio
River.
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&&

.LONG TERM (Thursday night through Wednesday)...
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Issued at 300 PM EDT Wed May 1 2024

The warm and active stretch of weather is expected to continue into
next week, as large scale pattern characterized by broad upper level
troughing over much of the country and mean subtropical ridging over
the southeastern CONUS remains in place.

While this will require PoPs throughout much if not all of the long
term period, precipitation will be primarily convective in nature,
and significantly dependent upon mesoscale influences generally
poorly resolved on such time scales. There will be ample opportunity
for precipitation, but plenty of dry periods as well - but NWP
limitations and inconsistencies preclude more detail, precision, or
confidence in the long term forecast for any one particular time
frame.

All that said, the highest chances for showers and thunderstorms
will be Friday, and then again on Monday into Tuesday, as these are
the times when a general guidance consensus exists that frontal
boundary passage and upper level support will be present to promote
more widespread precipitation.

While there is no major signal for excessive precipitation in either
ensemble situational awareness tables or experimental machine
learning, the area is already fairly wet and streamflows remain
elevated in most areas, particularly western and southwestern
Indiana, so repeated rounds of precipitation will have at least
modest potential to lead to renewed flooding concerns, and this will
require close monitoring. Hydrologic ensemble data do have signal
for this potential.

Severe storm wise, there again is little signal for significant
concerns until late in the period, when machine learning data and
CIPS analogs do show some signal toward Tuesday into Wednesday of
next week - though uncertainty is quite high given all the
aforementioned caveats.

Temperatures will remain fairly warm throughout the period, with
highs generally in the mid 70s to mid 80s and lows in the mid 50s to
mid 60s. These will obviously be highly dependent on evolution and
timing of potential convection and/or absence/presence thereof. See
little opportunity for improvement over blend approach at this time.
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&&

.AVIATION (18Z TAF Issuance)...
Issued at 147 PM EDT Wed May 1 2024

Impacts:

- VFR conditions are expected this TAF period.

- Very low probability of a shower or thunderstorm after 00z.

Discussion:

VFR conditions expected today as a weak cold front slides in from
the northwest. Winds begin southwesterly, becoming northwesterly as
the front arrives. Thereafter, winds take on a northeasterly
direction before becoming easterly by Thursday morning. Winds
continue to veer and become southerly by the end of the TAF period.
Some gusts around 20kt are likely early this afternoon.

High clouds will be present much of the time, with some low cumulus
during the daytime hours and occasional mid-level clouds overnight.

A very low probability (less than 15 percent) exists for a shower or
thunderstorm along the cold front. Best chance appears to be HUF and
BMG, and would most likely occur after 00z.

&&

.IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...None.

&&

$$

SHORT TERM...Eckhoff
LONG TERM...Nield
AVIATION...Eckhoff