-- Discussion containing changed information from previous version are highlighted. --
902
FXUS63 KDMX 191209
AFDDMX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Des Moines IA
709 AM CDT Sun May 19 2024

 ...Updated for the 12z Aviation Discussion...

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Active weather pattern for at least the next several days with
  varied intensity and severe weather potential

- Tuesday most noteworthy severe weather potential with a
  widespread Enhanced Risk (3/5)

- Seasonally warm temps through the period, with precip chances
  increasing again late in the week

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 410 AM CDT Sun May 19 2024

Our weather pattern will remain active through the period,
especially into the start of the work week, with continued
relatively progressive lower amplitude flow. There is little
going on early this morning, but precip chances will increase
somewhat later today as remnants of the approaching KS/NE MCS
reach the state. There is little moisture and instability this
far north and east at the moment, so it is expected to weaken
and become more scattered with little severe weather potential
through at least early afternoon. Better moisture and
instability isn`t that far away to the south however with
yesterday`s cool front still lingering across KS, MO, and IL
per the 08z surface analysis. This is expected to begin
advancing northward by afternoon in response to persistent SW
flow aloft and short waves advancing out of the SW CONUS into
the Plains. While the best severe weather parameter space should
remain to our west toward the Day 1 Moderate Risk, the boundary
may lead to some spotty development during peak heating across
southern IA into IL with some severe potential as MLCAPEs reach
~2000 J/kg and deep shear increases: mainly hail and wind
threats although a tornado cannot be ruled out. This may persist
into the early evening, with potential farther north as well as
Plains MCS remnants reach IA later into the night. The severe
potential should diminish toward midnight, but a 40-50kt low
level jet and persist support ahead of an approaching H85/H7
trough should drive scattered convection into the night with
increasing moisture and warm cloud depths leading to the
potential for isolated heavy rains of 1-2".

Confidence drops into Monday with little consensus on how much
precip potential there will be tomorrow during the day. Some
guidance exits the overnight precip, while others fester
throughout the day or redevelop again by peak heating. Chances
do increase into Monday night however as the maturing Rockies
long wave trough increases warm advection and moisture
transport into the state along the advancing warm front. Much
like later today, adequate deep shear and instability will be in
place, with a bit of tornado potential in the vicinity of the
warm front as well. Local heavy rains are again possible with
EC ensemble low level moisture climatological percentiles into
the upper 90s.

This leads into Tuesday and the greatest severe weather
potential. While this is somewhat conditional, with questions
regarding recovery and how long the overnight MCS lingers, the
signal of regeneration later in the day has been consistent with
deterministic guidance pushing MLCAPEs to at least 2500 J/kg
and strong deep shear (50+kts) easily supporting organized
convection with noted wind and hail potential. The tornado
potential is certainly there as well, but examination of
forecast soundings varies quite a bit from backed low level flow
and strong low level shear, SRH, and streamwise vorticity
ingest, to broader SW low level flow in the warm sector and more
linear hodographs. Correspondingly, 00z guidance does vary on
the triple point placement and timing 18-00z. CSU machine
learning guidance has been consistent in the past few days
highlighting a considerable severe weather threat, which is
paralleled by a widespread Day 3 Enhanced Risk, although the CSU
output has been steadfast in highlighting areas just east of
our forecast area, possibly hinting at a faster solution.
Although storm motion should be quite fast, mean winds 50+kts
and Bunkers supercell motions not far behind, locally heavy
rains may again occur with any convection as the aforementioned
EC ensemble specific humidity and water vapor transport approach
extremes. It won`t last long, but intense rainfall rates are
possible with the passage of the strong convection. This will
certainly be a situation Tue that will continue to be monitored
in the coming days.

Most precip should exit the area later in the evening, leading
to somewhat more tranquil weather for the middle to latter
portions of the coming work week. The next appreciable precip
cycle seems to be late in the week when another weaker wave
traverses the MO Valley.

&&

.AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z MONDAY/...
-- Changed Discussion --
Issued at 708 AM CDT Sun May 19 2024

Convection south of KOMA is expected to weaken as it enters IA
this morning, or at least remain south of TAF locations if it
tracks near the lingering stationary front. The more likely
solution would be scattered weaker convection and VFR
conditions farther north into IA. Later tonight confidence is
low with uncertainty due to convective trends. Thus have omitted
any precip mention tonight for now, versus prolonged low
confidence inclusion, with VFR to spotty MVFR stratus until
convective trends become more clear.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.DMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...None.

&&

$$

DISCUSSION...Small
AVIATION...Small