-- Discussion containing changed information from previous version are highlighted. --
214
FXUS61 KBOX 260317
AFDBOX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Boston/Norton MA
1117 PM EDT Sat May 25 2024

.SYNOPSIS...
-- Changed Discussion --
Decaying MCS brings shower and isolated thunder chances to SNE
overnight. Potential for stronger to marginally severe
thunderstorms Sunday afternoon, especially north of the I-90
corridor. Cloudy and somewhat humid during the morning hours of
Memorial Day, although a frontal system brings increasing
chances for rain with embedded thunderstorms Monday afternoon
into early Tuesday. Localized downpours are possible.
Temperatures then trend cooler than normal as we move into the
mid to late week period, and though dry weather prevails, there
is a risk for showers either Wednesday or on Thursday
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM SUNDAY MORNING/...
-- Changed Discussion --
Main weather concern this evening will be the dissipating
showers approaching southern New England from NY state. Latest
SPC mesoanalysis showed virtually no surface-based buoyancy or
shear across our region, so not overly concerned about
thunderstorms the rest of tonight. That said, mid level lapse
rates were 6-6.5 C/km, which is more than enough to support an
isolated thunderstorm or two, if they can get past the
initiation hurdle. Will need to keep an eye on this remote
possibility.

Otherwise, brought winds and temperatures back in line with
observed trends.

720 PM Update:

Stream of high clouds which moved in during the later-aftn hours
has now started to shift offshore with fairly tranquil weather
conditions as we are nearing sundown.

Couple things to talk about for the evening and overnight
period. First is the area of showers associated with a weakened
MCS cluster over central NY through southern PA. The northern
roughly third of this area continues to weaken per radar trends
and warming cloud top temperatures; this area of showers still
looks to advance east during the mid evening to the pre-dawn
hours, although the risk for thunder with this area of showers
has dwindled. Second and finally is the potential for stratus
and/or areas of fog along the south coast of RI and MA and
perhaps a bit further north. Southerly flow should bring rising
dewpoints into the middle 50s as temps fall sharply after
sundown along the south coast. While the risk for fog is by no
means imminent yet, a number of model visibility progs show low
visibilities developing after 04z Sunday both in the waters and
adjacent portions of the RI/MA South Coast. Further landward
expansion of fog or stratus seems likely into the Plymouth to
Providence to Willimantic corridor but that should delineate the
northern extent. Introduced fog into the forecast with this
update, though the modest southerly breezes could favor more
stratus than fog.

No changes to temps which still look on track. The biggest
perceived change for those outdoors tonight will be a modest
rise in dewpoints but should still be pretty tolerable.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.SHORT TERM /6 AM SUNDAY MORNING THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT/...
-- Changed Discussion --
Morning showers and isolated convection should wrap up quickly
after sunrise, but a more stable environment fueled by increased
cloud cover and a surface inversion should yield a period of dry
weather from about 12-18Z Sunday.

The concern for tomorrow is the possibility of afternoon
convection given SBCAPE exceeding 1500J/kg, 0-6km bulk shear
nearing ~30kt, low level lapse rates exceeding 8C/km, in pockets
of the region, and mid level lapse rates, per model soundings,
approaching 7C/km. While these numbers don`t "jump off the page"
in alerting for widespread severe weather tomorrow, there is
certainly potential for a few isolated strong storms,
particularly north of the MA Turnpike between 19-01Z where the
above ingredients can come together. The main concern with any
marginally severe storms would be straight line wind, with DCAPE
values approaching 850J/k combined with the mid level lapse
rates exceeding ~6.5C/km and near surface dewpoint depressions
of ~15F. With lackluster 0-1km SRH of ~60-80m2/s2 and freezing
levels around 12,000ft, not anticipating tornados or large hail
will be a concern but will note, that while any hail that falls
will be well below severe criteria, we can`t rule out some pea
sized hail in the strongest cells as CAMs indicate some brief
periods of updraft helicity swaths exceeding 75m2/s2 combined
with healthy CAPE in the hail growth zone above -10C.

Surface inversion that will take quite awhile to mix out, as
late as 17Z, as well as a modest rise in heights tomorrow
afternoon are two of the greatest factors limiting widespread
convection tomorrow. Storms will struggle to initiate across
much of RI, SE MA, and central CT given seabreeze development
and a more stable airmass along the coast to ~20miles inland;
while the sea breeze boundary will mitigate the convective
threat for the coast, it may also act as a match in initiating
convection across the interior. Will note that while its likely
we see some isolated strong to perhaps marginally severe storms
tomorrow afternoon, particularly across central and northern
Massachusetts, it`s possible we see little to no convection at
all if the "thunderstorm ingredients" shift north; notably
depicted in the 12Z NAM Nest that keeps convection north of the
MA/NH border tomorrow afternoon.

In addition to the isolated marginal severe threat, convective
cells may be able to drop quite a bit of rain should they remain
nearly stationary. Increasing dewpoints, into the low 60s, as
well as PWATs in excess of 1.25" and warm cloud depths
approaching 11,000ft will likely fuel isolated downpours. Of
note, the FV3 shows isolated pockets of 3-4"+ of rain between
18-00Z tomorrow. While the FV3 remains the outlier, and many
localities will see no rain at all, we would be remiss to
neglect the potential of some cells dropping an inch or more
of rain in a short period of time.

Instability drops off quickly overnight with surface flow
shifting to the east. So, while the thunderstorm threat
diminishes after ~03Z Monday, scattered rain showers are
possible overnight. As mentioned previously, dewpoints in the
upper 50s and low 60s will yield a warm and muggy night, with
lows struggling to dip to 60F region wide.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.LONG TERM /MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
-- Changed Discussion --
Highlights:

* Cloudy and somewhat humid for the AM hrs Memorial Day, then a
  frontal system brings better chances for widespread showers
  with embedded t-storms Mon aftn into early Tue. Heavy
  downpours possible, especially Mon evening.

* Trending drier for Tue with seasonable temps.

* Though drier weather generally prevails for mid to late week,
  still unsettled with chances for rains either Wed or Thurs.
  Temps trend cooler than normal for the second half of the
  upcoming workweek.

Details:

Memorial Day Holiday into Tuesday:

Looks to be a pretty active forecast, as a complex frontal
system with low pressure tracking through the Gt Lakes swings a
cold front or frontal occlusion through SNE in this period.
Though there still is some variance in the models when it comes
to timing of rains, guidance trends indicate cloudy but mainly
dry weather (PoP < 20%) during the Mon morning hours, then
increasing during the afternoon. Appears the biggest risk for
widespread showers and embedded thunderstorms is more focused
during the Mon evening into early Tue AM, with Categorical PoPs
shown for that period.

As indicated by prior forecasts, the greatest potential hazard
is localized heavy rain and this risk appears to be the greatest
during the sundown to evening/overnight hours. Due to a pretty
robust southerly LLJ, deep moisture increases with PWAT standard
deviations of 2 to 3 sigma centered around Mon evening, with
warm cloud depths around 11,000 ft. Both are factors which tend
to favor heavy downpours; even though convective instability is
pretty limited, it is a "tall/skinny" type of CAPE profile we
tend to see in heavy rain events. Did note that despite the weak
instability progged, we do have some diffluence around 500 mb
Mon evening which could lend support to some embedded t-storms
in light of the weak instability. NBM 4.2-based QPF probs
indicate medium (30-60%) probs for 24 hr rains over 1 inch,
although the EPS and GEFS probs of 24-hr rains are a bit more
bullish, and the 24 hr probs of 2" or greater rainfall totals in
24 hours are low to zero. QPF amts were around an inch or less
on an areal-average basis, but localized higher totals are
possible wherever persistent or re- developing downpours
develop. Coming out of a very wet cold season, we`ve been pretty
dry of late with one significant rain event on May 23rd, and
NERFC Flash Flood Guidance is pretty high due to that dry
weather spell (about 2 inches needed in an hour). Did include a
mention of heavy rain possible in the forecast grids given the
above ingredients, and that could lead to scattered hydrologic
issues, but would like to see QPF amounts be a bit higher before
considering any Watches. It`s a much smaller threat in light of
the paltry instability, but the one thing we may have to keep
awareness of is that there could be some stronger storms over
eastern/southeast MA and RI. Due to the southerly low-level jet
around 30 to 40 kt and surface winds from the SE to SSE,
hodographs in southeast New England show a curvature to them.

So for Memorial Day itself, most of the morning hrs should be
dry but won`t be ideal with lots of cloud cover. Rain chances
then increase into the afternoon for areas N/W of I-95, and
toward later afternoon in eastern MA and RI; highs in the lower
70s with dewpoints in the low to mid 60s adding a touch of
mugginess to the air.

It looks like the front moves offshore on Tue afternoon, and
while there could be some lingering showers early on Tue in
southeast New England, most areas should trend drier by Tue
aftn. Kept highs on Tue a little cooler than NBM out of
deference to some of the slower frontal timing guidance in the
70s to around 80 (mid/upper 60s Cape and Islands), though an
earlier passage would favor temps closer to NBM`s lower to mid
80s.

Wednesday through Friday:

SNE`s weather in this period becomes governed by broad troughing
aloft with cooling temps aloft, which is pretty well agreed upon
across the guidance on the larger-scale. There is at least one
shortwave disturbance rotating around the broader trough which
could bring a better opportunity for precip but unclear if that
would be more centered on Wed or Thurs, so kept a 20-40% PoP
mention for both days until that becomes more in focus. Though
it should be drier more often than not, temps trend near to
cooler than normal as 850 mb temps drop down into the mid single
digits C range.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.AVIATION /03Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/...
-- Changed Discussion --
Forecast Confidence Levels:

Low - less than 30 percent.
Moderate - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.

Tonight: High confidence.

VFR from BDL to BOS northward; period of unrestricted SHRA
possible from 04-08z until about 10-12z associated with
weakening showers now over eastern NY. For the South Coast and
PVD, will start VFR until about 04-05z, then start to see fog
and stratus develop at IFR to VLIFR levels, which will tend to
expand northward to the IJD-PVD-TAN-PYM corridor. Winds light
southerly.

Sunday...Moderate confidence in Thunderstorms.

Coastal IFR dissipates by 15/16Z, with generally VFR conditions
expected. Localized MVFR possible in afternoon and early evening
thunderstorms, most likely along and north of the I-90 corridor
after 20Z. PROB30 groups introduced into the TAF to account for
uncertainty in thunderstorm coverage during the late afternoon.

Localized sea breezes developing across eastern MA after
17-19Z.

Sunday night...

Winds become east overnight which will generate reduced
cigs/vsby IFF/MVFR for the high terrain of central and western
MA due to upsloping. Fog anticipated to be much less widespread
compared to Saturday night. Light hit or miss showers possible
at any location overnight.


KBOS TAF...Moderate Confidence in Thunderstorm potential on
Sunday. VFR but with passing generally unrestricted SHRA
08-12z. Uncertainty in possibility of thunderstorms at the
terminal tomorrow afternoon, so introduced PROB30 between
20-23Z. Tomorrow`s seabreeze develops around 16/17Z.

KBDL TAF...Moderate Confidence in Thunderstorm Potential. VFR
with light showers later tonight into overnight (04-08z).
Better thunder chances late Sunday after 19Z, but storms will
likely remain north of the terminal. Winds generally from the
south.

Outlook /Monday through Thursday/...

Memorial Day: MVFR/IFR conditions possible. Breezy. Chance
SHRA, slight chance TSRA.

Monday Night: MVFR/IFR conditions possible. Breezy. SHRA,
chance TSRA.

Tuesday: Mainly VFR, with local IFR possible. Breezy. Chance
SHRA.

Tuesday Night: VFR.

Wednesday: VFR. Chance SHRA.

Wednesday Night through Thursday: Mainly VFR, with local MVFR
possible. Chance SHRA.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.MARINE...
-- Changed Discussion --
Forecaster Confidence Levels:

Low - less than 30 percent.
Medium - 30 to 60 percent.
High - greater than 60 percent.

Through Sunday Night... Moderate Confidence in fog.

Dense fog possible for the waters tonight as winds shift to the
S/SW and dewpoints rise to near 60. Low risk for showers and a
few thunderstorms both tonight and tomorrow afternoon, Sunday
afternoon, mainly across the eastern coastal waters. A few
rumbles of thunder are possible with either round of rain.

Fog less likely Sunday night as winds shift to the E/NE. Seas
remain between 1-3ft through the entire period.

Outlook /Monday through Thursday/...

Memorial Day: Winds less than 25 kt. Chance of rain showers.

Monday Night: Low risk for Small Craft Advisory winds with
gusts up to 25 kt. Seas up to 5 ft. Rain showers, slight chance
of thunderstorms.

Tuesday: Winds less than 25 kt. Seas up to 5 ft. Rain showers
likely, isolated thunderstorms.

Tuesday Night: Winds less than 25 kt. Seas up to 5 ft.

Wednesday: Winds less than 25 kt. Seas up to 5 ft. Slight
chance of rain showers.

Wednesday Night through Thursday: Winds less than 25 kt. Areas
of seas approaching 5 ft. Slight chance of rain showers.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.BOX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CT...None.
MA...None.
RI...None.
MARINE...None.

&&

$$

SYNOPSIS...Loconto/KS
NEAR TERM...Belk/KS
SHORT TERM...KS
LONG TERM...Loconto
AVIATION...Belk/Loconto/KS
MARINE...Loconto/KS