Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Pueblo, CO
Issued by NWS Pueblo, CO
156
UXUS97 KPUB 081207
SRGPUB
Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Pueblo, Colorado
0607 MDT Wednesday, May 8, 2024
This forecast is for Villa Grove, CO for Wednesday, May 8, 2024:
If the trigger temperature of 31.7 F/-0.2 C is reached...then
Thermal Soaring Index....................... Good
Maximum rate of lift........................ 823 ft/min (4.2 m/s)
Maximum height of thermals.................. 20872 ft MSL (11904 ft AGL)
Forecast maximum temperature................... 52.0 F/11.6 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 0845 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... Broken/overcast thin middle
Surface winds during soaring window............ Between 20 mph and 30 mph
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 19041 ft MSL (10073 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Thursday 05/09..... Poor
Wave Soaring Index............................. Not available
Remarks...
Sunrise/Sunset.................... 05:58:16 / 20:01:49 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 14 hr 3 min 33 sec (843 min 33 sec)
Altitude of sun at 13:00:02 MDT... 69.11 degrees
Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 05/08/2024 at 0600 MDT
Freezing level.................. Entire airmass below 32 F / 0 C
Convective condensation level... 15134 ft MSL (6166 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 18937 ft MSL (9969 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... +4.3
K index......................... -13.5
Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -52.9 -63.2 240 22 11 0.9 0.5 M M M M M
45000 -51.5 -60.7 255 42 21 1.4 0.8 M M M M M
40000 -48.4 -55.1 255 57 29 2.0 1.1 M M M M M
38000 -47.6 -53.7 255 67 34 0.6 0.3 M M M M M
36000 -47.2 -53.0 250 82 42 0.6 0.3 M M M M M
34000 -46.9 -52.4 250 96 49 2.9 1.6 M M M M M
32000 -44.0 -47.2 250 102 53 4.9 2.7 M M M M M
30000 -41.0 -41.8 250 108 56 5.3 2.9 M M M M M
29000 -39.3 -38.7 250 105 54 5.9 3.2 23.7 74.6 9.9 M M
28000 -37.1 -34.8 250 101 52 5.9 3.2 21.8 71.3 8.6 M M
27000 -35.3 -31.5 250 97 50 5.9 3.3 20.5 68.9 7.6 M M
26000 -33.8 -28.8 250 93 48 4.9 2.7 18.8 65.9 6.3 M M
25000 -32.3 -26.1 255 88 45 4.9 2.7 17.0 62.6 4.9 M M
24000 -30.8 -23.4 255 83 43 5.0 2.7 15.4 59.7 3.6 M M
23000 -29.2 -20.6 255 80 41 6.0 3.3 13.9 57.0 2.3 M M
22000 -27.4 -17.3 255 78 40 6.0 3.3 12.5 54.5 1.2 M M
21000 -25.6 -14.1 255 76 39 6.1 3.4 11.3 52.3 0.1 M M
20000 -24.1 -11.4 260 73 38 4.4 2.4 9.6 49.2 -1.4 961 4.9
19500 -23.5 -10.3 260 71 37 4.4 2.4 8.7 47.6 -2.2 927 4.7
19000 -22.8 -9.0 260 70 36 4.4 2.4 7.8 46.0 -3.0 892 4.5
18500 -22.2 -8.0 260 68 35 4.5 2.5 6.9 44.4 -3.8 858 4.4
18000 -21.6 -6.9 260 66 34 3.5 1.9 6.0 42.9 -4.6 825 4.2
17500 -21.1 -6.0 260 63 32 3.3 1.8 4.9 40.9 -5.7 797 4.0
17000 -20.7 -5.3 260 60 31 4.2 2.3 3.9 39.0 -6.7 769 3.9
16500 -19.8 -3.6 260 57 29 7.2 4.0 3.3 37.9 -7.3 726 3.7
16000 -18.7 -1.7 265 54 28 7.2 4.0 2.9 37.2 -7.8 680 3.5
15500 -17.7 0.1 265 50 26 6.2 3.4 2.4 36.3 -8.3 636 3.2
15000 -16.8 1.8 265 46 24 6.3 3.4 1.8 35.3 -8.9 593 3.0
14500 -15.8 3.6 265 43 22 7.4 4.1 1.3 34.4 -9.4 548 2.8
14000 -14.4 6.1 265 37 19 5.0 2.7 0.6 33.0 -10.2 483 2.5
13500 -13.2 8.2 265 34 17 9.6 5.3 0.2 32.4 -10.6 434 2.2
13000 -12.0 10.4 265 29 15 5.6 3.1 0.0 32.0 -10.8 382 1.9
12500 -11.1 12.0 265 26 13 8.2 4.5 -0.5 31.0 -11.5 340 1.7
12000 -9.9 14.2 270 24 13 8.5 4.6 -0.9 30.4 -11.9 291 1.5
11750 -9.3 15.3 270 23 12 7.9 4.3 -1.0 30.3 -12.0 265 1.3
11500 -8.8 16.2 275 22 11 6.4 3.5 -1.2 29.8 -12.2 242 1.2
11250 -8.3 17.1 275 22 11 6.8 3.8 -1.4 29.4 -12.5 220 1.1
11000 -7.8 18.0 280 21 11 6.7 3.7 -1.7 29.0 -12.8 198 1.0
10750 -7.3 18.9 280 21 11 6.8 3.8 -1.9 28.6 -13.1 176 0.9
10500 -6.8 19.8 280 20 10 7.1 3.9 -2.1 28.2 -13.3 154 0.8
10250 -6.3 20.7 280 19 10 7.2 3.9 -2.3 27.9 -13.6 131 0.7
10000 -5.8 21.6 280 18 9 7.3 4.0 -2.5 27.5 -13.8 108 0.6
9750 -5.3 22.5 280 17 9 7.6 4.1 -2.7 27.2 -14.1 85 0.4
9500 -4.8 23.4 280 16 8 5.1 2.8 -2.9 26.8 -14.3 63 0.3
9250 -4.6 23.7 275 12 6 0.9 0.5 -3.4 25.9 -14.9 49 0.3
9000 -4.4 24.1 275 8 4 8.4 4.6 -3.9 25.0 -15.5 36 0.2
8750 M M M M M M M M M M M M
8500 M M M M M M M M M M M M
8250 M M M M M M M M M M M M
8000 M M M M M M M M M M M M
* * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *
05/08/2024 at 0900 MDT | 05/08/2024 at 1200 MDT
|
CAPE... +18.3 LI... +4.8 | CAPE... +5.0 LI... +6.1
CINH... 0.0 K Index... -33.4 | CINH... 0.0 K Index... -11.5
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -53.6 -64.5 235 18 9 2.3 1.3 | -52.9 -63.2 235 20 10 2.1 1.1
45000 -50.2 -58.4 265 26 13 2.2 1.2 | -49.8 -57.6 250 25 13 1.5 0.8
40000 -46.8 -52.2 255 51 26 2.2 1.2 | -48.1 -54.6 255 43 22 1.1 0.6
38000 -45.9 -50.6 255 60 31 0.5 0.3 | -47.8 -54.0 255 52 27 0.2 0.1
36000 -45.6 -50.1 255 68 35 0.5 0.3 | -47.6 -53.7 260 64 33 0.2 0.1
34000 -45.3 -49.5 255 77 39 1.5 0.8 | -47.5 -53.5 260 76 39 1.6 0.9
32000 -43.6 -46.5 255 74 38 2.8 1.6 | -46.0 -50.8 265 70 36 2.5 1.4
30000 -41.9 -43.4 255 72 37 3.5 1.9 | -44.5 -48.1 265 65 33 4.9 2.7
29000 -40.4 -40.7 260 68 35 5.5 3.0 | -42.5 -44.5 270 60 31 6.7 3.7
28000 -38.4 -37.1 260 63 32 5.4 3.0 | -39.9 -39.8 270 54 28 6.7 3.7
27000 -36.7 -34.1 260 59 30 5.4 3.0 | -37.9 -36.2 275 49 25 6.6 3.6
26000 -35.0 -31.0 260 55 28 6.0 3.3 | -35.5 -31.9 275 46 23 8.4 4.6
25000 -33.2 -27.8 265 50 26 6.0 3.3 | -33.0 -27.4 280 42 22 8.4 4.6
24000 -31.4 -24.5 265 46 23 6.0 3.3 | -30.5 -22.9 280 39 20 8.4 4.6
23000 -29.6 -21.3 270 41 21 5.8 3.2 | -28.1 -18.6 280 36 19 8.0 4.4
22000 -27.9 -18.2 275 38 20 5.8 3.2 | -25.7 -14.3 275 33 17 8.0 4.4
21000 -26.2 -15.2 280 35 18 5.8 3.2 | -23.3 -9.9 270 30 16 7.9 4.3
20000 -24.6 -12.3 280 33 17 5.1 2.8 | -21.2 -6.2 270 26 14 6.8 3.7
19500 -23.8 -10.8 285 33 17 5.1 2.8 | -20.2 -4.4 275 24 12 6.8 3.7
19000 -23.0 -9.4 285 33 17 5.1 2.8 | -19.2 -2.6 280 22 11 6.8 3.7
18500 -22.3 -8.1 285 33 17 5.1 2.8 | -18.2 -0.8 280 20 10 7.2 4.0
18000 -21.6 -6.9 290 32 17 3.7 2.0 | -17.4 0.7 285 19 10 2.6 1.4
17500 -21.1 -6.0 290 32 17 3.3 1.8 | -17.0 1.4 290 17 9 2.8 1.5
17000 -20.6 -5.1 290 32 17 3.0 1.7 | -16.6 2.1 290 16 8 2.4 1.3
16500 -20.3 -4.5 290 31 16 2.2 1.2 | -16.3 2.7 305 17 9 2.0 1.1
16000 -19.9 -3.8 290 31 16 2.0 1.1 | -16.0 3.2 315 18 9 1.9 1.0
15500 -19.4 -2.9 290 30 16 4.7 2.6 | -15.9 3.4 315 18 9 -0.2 -0.1
15000 -18.8 -1.8 290 29 15 4.4 2.4 | -15.9 3.4 310 17 9 -0.6 -0.3
14500 -18.0 -0.4 290 29 15 7.1 3.9 | -15.5 4.1 310 17 9 8.0 4.4
14000 -16.5 2.3 290 28 15 5.7 3.2 | -13.7 7.3 300 15 8 8.9 4.9
13500 -15.3 4.5 290 27 14 10.3 5.7 | -12.2 10.0 300 15 8 10.5 5.8
13000 -13.9 7.0 285 26 13 7.7 4.2 | -10.8 12.6 300 14 7 8.5 4.7
12500 -12.7 9.1 285 24 12 9.7 5.3 | -9.4 15.1 300 14 7 10.1 5.5
12000 -11.3 11.7 285 22 12 9.7 5.3 | -7.9 17.8 300 14 7 9.9 5.4
11750 -10.6 12.9 285 21 11 10.0 5.5 | -7.2 19.0 300 14 7 10.1 5.5
11500 -9.9 14.2 285 21 11 9.7 5.3 | -6.4 20.5 300 14 7 10.2 5.6
11250 -9.2 15.4 285 21 11 9.8 5.4 | -5.7 21.7 300 14 7 10.2 5.6
11000 -8.4 16.9 285 20 10 9.7 5.3 | -4.9 23.2 300 13 7 9.9 5.4
10750 -7.7 18.1 285 20 10 10.1 5.5 | -4.2 24.4 300 13 7 10.1 5.5
10500 -6.9 19.6 285 20 10 10.5 5.7 | -3.4 25.9 300 13 7 10.8 5.9
10250 -6.2 20.8 285 19 10 10.4 5.7 | -2.6 27.3 300 13 7 10.8 5.9
10000 -5.4 22.3 285 19 10 10.5 5.8 | -1.8 28.8 300 13 7 10.8 6.0
9750 -4.6 23.7 285 18 9 11.4 6.2 | -0.9 30.4 300 12 6 12.4 6.8
9500 -3.5 25.7 285 17 9 17.5 9.6 | 0.3 32.5 300 12 6 21.1 11.6
9250 -1.9 28.6 290 16 8 25.9 14.2 | 2.3 36.1 300 11 6 32.3 17.7
9000 -0.3 31.5 290 14 7 11.5 6.3 | 4.3 39.7 300 11 6 13.4 7.4
8750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
05/08/2024 at 1500 MDT | 05/08/2024 at 1800 MDT
|
CAPE... +9.0 LI... +3.7 | CAPE... +2.1 LI... +0.2
CINH... 0.0 K Index... -2.3 | CINH... -1.3 K Index... +12.3
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -53.0 -63.4 255 17 9 1.9 1.1 | -53.0 -63.4 265 12 6 1.8 1.0
45000 -50.2 -58.4 255 26 13 1.0 0.5 | -50.3 -58.5 260 20 11 -0.4 -0.2
40000 -49.9 -57.8 250 46 24 0.2 0.1 | -50.4 -58.7 250 47 24 -0.1 -0.1
38000 -49.7 -57.5 250 55 28 0.6 0.3 | -50.2 -58.4 250 56 29 1.1 0.6
36000 -49.3 -56.7 250 65 33 0.6 0.3 | -49.5 -57.1 245 64 33 1.1 0.6
34000 -48.8 -55.8 250 74 38 3.2 1.8 | -48.7 -55.7 245 71 37 3.5 1.9
32000 -46.6 -51.9 255 67 34 3.7 2.1 | -46.3 -51.3 245 62 32 4.0 2.2
30000 -44.2 -47.6 255 59 31 6.2 3.4 | -43.4 -46.1 245 50 26 6.3 3.5
29000 -41.6 -42.9 255 51 26 6.9 3.8 | -41.6 -42.9 245 42 22 6.2 3.4
28000 -39.6 -39.3 260 45 23 6.9 3.8 | -39.7 -39.5 240 34 17 6.2 3.4
27000 -37.5 -35.5 260 38 20 7.2 3.9 | -37.8 -36.0 240 26 13 6.5 3.6
26000 -35.0 -31.0 260 36 19 8.7 4.8 | -35.5 -31.9 240 25 13 8.2 4.5
25000 -32.4 -26.3 260 35 18 8.7 4.8 | -33.0 -27.4 245 25 13 8.2 4.5
24000 -29.8 -21.6 260 34 18 8.9 4.9 | -30.5 -22.9 250 25 13 8.5 4.6
23000 -27.4 -17.3 260 34 17 7.5 4.1 | -28.5 -19.3 255 26 13 6.5 3.5
22000 -25.2 -13.4 260 33 17 7.6 4.1 | -26.5 -15.7 260 27 14 6.5 3.6
21000 -22.9 -9.2 260 33 17 7.3 4.0 | -24.6 -12.3 265 28 14 6.1 3.4
20000 -21.0 -5.8 260 31 16 6.3 3.4 | -23.0 -9.4 255 25 13 5.3 2.9
19500 -20.1 -4.2 260 30 15 6.3 3.4 | -22.3 -8.1 250 23 12 5.3 2.9
19000 -19.1 -2.4 265 29 15 6.3 3.4 | -21.5 -6.7 245 22 11 5.4 3.0
18500 -18.2 -0.8 265 28 14 6.4 3.5 | -20.7 -5.3 240 21 11 5.6 3.1
18000 -17.6 0.3 265 26 14 2.3 1.2 | -19.7 -3.5 235 18 9 7.5 4.1
17500 -17.2 1.0 265 24 13 2.6 1.4 | -18.6 -1.5 230 15 8 7.4 4.1
17000 -16.8 1.8 270 22 11 2.7 1.5 | -17.5 0.5 225 12 6 7.5 4.1
16500 -16.4 2.5 265 18 9 3.0 1.6 | -16.4 2.5 235 10 5 7.6 4.2
16000 -16.0 3.2 265 15 7 4.2 2.3 | -15.3 4.5 245 7 4 8.3 4.6
15500 -15.0 5.0 270 12 6 7.9 4.3 | -13.9 7.0 250 7 3 9.5 5.2
15000 -13.9 7.0 275 11 6 7.7 4.2 | -12.5 9.5 255 6 3 9.8 5.4
14500 -11.6 11.1 275 10 5 10.0 5.5 | -9.8 14.4 260 6 3 10.1 5.5
14000 -10.4 13.3 280 10 5 8.9 4.9 | -8.8 16.2 265 5 3 8.1 4.5
13500 -8.8 16.2 280 10 5 11.3 6.2 | -7.3 18.9 265 5 3 10.3 5.7
13000 -7.4 18.7 280 9 5 7.6 4.2 | -5.9 21.4 265 5 3 8.3 4.5
12500 -6.0 21.2 280 9 5 10.3 5.7 | -4.6 23.7 270 5 3 9.4 5.2
12000 -4.5 23.9 280 9 5 10.2 5.6 | -3.2 26.2 270 5 2 10.7 5.9
11750 -3.7 25.3 280 9 5 10.2 5.6 | -2.3 27.9 270 5 2 11.0 6.1
11500 -3.0 26.6 285 9 5 10.2 5.6 | -1.6 29.1 270 5 2 9.4 5.2
11250 -2.2 28.0 285 9 4 10.3 5.7 | -0.8 30.6 270 5 2 10.1 5.5
11000 -1.5 29.3 285 9 4 9.7 5.3 | -0.1 31.8 270 5 2 9.1 5.0
10750 -0.7 30.7 285 8 4 9.8 5.4 | 0.5 32.9 275 4 2 9.3 5.1
10500 0.0 32.0 285 8 4 10.7 5.9 | 1.3 34.3 275 4 2 10.4 5.7
10250 0.8 33.4 285 8 4 10.5 5.8 | 2.1 35.8 275 4 2 10.2 5.6
10000 1.6 34.9 285 8 4 10.8 5.9 | 2.8 37.0 275 4 2 10.1 5.5
9750 2.5 36.5 285 8 4 12.8 7.0 | 3.6 38.5 275 4 2 10.1 5.5
9500 3.7 38.7 285 8 4 20.6 11.3 | 4.4 39.9 275 4 2 12.2 6.7
9250 5.6 42.1 285 7 4 29.6 16.2 | 5.4 41.7 280 4 2 14.8 8.1
9000 7.5 45.5 290 7 4 14.7 8.1 | 6.4 43.5 280 4 2 10.4 5.7
8750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
________________________________________________________________________________
This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC). It is not continuously monitored nor updated after its initial
issuance.
The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken near Villa Grove, Colorado at:
North Latitude: 38 deg 16 min 03 sec
West Longitude: 105 deg 53 min 37 sec
Elevation: 7986 feet (2434 meters)
and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the
Colorado Rocky Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.
The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger
values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or
greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
convective activity develop.
CIN (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative
this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This
inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)
Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
produced by surface heating only.
Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a
"trigger temperature" for that level.
Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.
Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and
existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
waves.
K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger
positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding
soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
and is reproduced in the following table:
below -10 no or weak thermals
-10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
5 to 15 good soaring conditions
15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers
20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
probability of showers and thunderstorms
above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms
Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
inversions.
Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.
Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with
positive values showing stable conditions.
Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is
computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
are applied to these calculations.
Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.
Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It
is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments
are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment.
Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that
between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind speed no longer increases with height
PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.
Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
and the time of overdevelopment.
Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values
are indicative of thermal lift.
Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:
Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating
>= 800 fpm Excellent
>= 400 and < 800 fpm Good
>= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair
< 200 fpm Poor
Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
3. initiation of widespread precipitation
Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
reach the trigger temperature.
Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.
Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to
these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
movements.
042613