Soaring Guidance Issued by NWS Denver/Boulder, CO
000
UXUS97 KBOU 290114
SRGBOU
Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Denver/Boulder, Colorado
1913 MDT Thursday, March 28, 2024
This forecast is for Friday, March 29, 2024:
If the trigger temperature of 53.1 F/11.7 C is reached...then
Thermal Soaring Index....................... Poor
Maximum rate of lift........................ 78 ft/min (0.4 m/s)
Maximum height of thermals.................. 11763 ft MSL (6443 ft AGL)
Forecast maximum temperature................... 59.0 F/15.5 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1130 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ 1500 MDT
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... Broken/overcast opaque middle
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 9418 ft MSL (4098 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Saturday 03/30..... Good
Wave Soaring Index............................. Fair
Wave Soaring Index trend (to 1800 MDT)......... No change
Height of stable layer (12-18K ft MSL)......... None
Weak PVA/NVA (through 1800 MDT)................ Neither
Potential height of wave....................... 38624 ft MSL (33304 ft AGL)
Wave soaring outlook for Saturday 03/30........ Good
Remarks...
Sunrise/Sunset.................... 06:46:58 / 19:20:59 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 12 hr 34 min 1 sec (754 min 1 sec)
Altitude of sun at 13:03:59 MDT... 54.01 degrees
Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 03/29/2024 at 0600 MDT
Freezing level.................. 5334 ft MSL (14 ft AGL)
Additional freezing level....... 9173 ft MSL (3853 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 13103 ft MSL (7783 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 12666 ft MSL (7347 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... +1.4
K index......................... +16.4
Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -60.7 -77.3 250 66 34 -0.7 -0.4 M M M M M
45000 -61.8 -79.2 255 70 36 -0.7 -0.4 M M M M M
40000 -61.3 -78.3 255 93 48 0.4 0.2 M M M M M
38000 -60.1 -76.2 255 100 51 4.6 2.5 M M M M M
36000 -57.4 -71.3 250 98 51 4.6 2.5 M M M M M
34000 -54.6 -66.3 245 97 50 5.5 3.0 M M M M M
32000 -51.0 -59.8 245 89 46 5.9 3.3 M M M M M
30000 -47.3 -53.1 245 80 41 8.7 4.8 28.2 82.8 9.9 M M
29000 -44.6 -48.3 245 73 38 9.0 5.0 27.8 82.0 9.7 M M
28000 -41.9 -43.4 245 67 34 9.1 5.0 27.5 81.5 9.6 M M
27000 -39.2 -38.6 240 60 31 9.1 5.0 27.4 81.2 9.6 M M
26000 -36.6 -33.9 240 56 29 8.2 4.5 26.8 80.3 9.3 M M
25000 -34.2 -29.6 240 53 27 8.2 4.5 26.2 79.1 8.9 M M
24000 -31.7 -25.1 240 50 26 8.2 4.5 25.7 78.2 8.6 M M
23000 -29.5 -21.1 240 47 24 6.9 3.8 24.8 76.6 8.0 M M
22000 -27.4 -17.3 235 43 22 6.8 3.7 23.7 74.7 7.1 M M
21000 -25.4 -13.7 235 40 21 6.8 3.7 22.7 72.9 6.4 M M
20000 -23.2 -9.8 235 38 19 7.3 4.0 21.8 71.2 5.6 M M
19500 -21.6 -6.9 235 36 19 7.3 4.0 21.1 70.0 5.1 M M
19000 -20.5 -4.9 240 36 18 7.4 4.0 20.7 69.3 4.8 M M
18500 -19.4 -2.9 240 35 18 7.6 4.2 20.3 68.6 4.5 M M
18000 -18.3 -0.9 240 35 18 7.9 4.4 20.0 68.0 4.2 M M
17500 -17.1 1.2 240 35 18 8.0 4.4 19.7 67.5 3.9 M M
17000 -15.9 3.4 245 35 18 7.8 4.3 19.4 66.9 3.6 M M
16500 -14.8 5.4 245 35 18 7.8 4.3 19.0 66.3 3.3 M M
16000 -13.6 7.5 245 35 18 7.9 4.4 18.7 65.7 3.1 M M
15500 -12.4 9.7 245 34 18 8.0 4.4 18.4 65.1 2.8 M M
15000 -11.2 11.8 245 33 17 7.8 4.3 18.1 64.6 2.5 M M
14500 -10.1 13.8 245 31 16 7.5 4.1 17.8 64.0 2.2 M M
14000 -9.0 15.8 245 29 15 7.5 4.1 17.4 63.3 1.8 M M
13500 -7.9 17.8 245 27 14 7.7 4.2 17.0 62.6 1.5 M M
13000 -6.8 19.8 245 26 13 7.7 4.2 16.7 62.0 1.2 M M
12500 -5.8 21.6 250 23 12 6.3 3.5 16.2 61.2 0.7 M M
12000 -4.8 23.4 250 19 10 6.5 3.5 15.7 60.3 0.2 M M
11500 -3.9 25.0 250 16 8 6.3 3.4 15.2 59.3 -0.3 454 2.3
11000 -3.0 26.6 255 15 8 6.4 3.5 14.6 58.3 -0.9 411 2.1
10500 -2.2 28.0 255 13 6 4.7 2.6 13.9 57.1 -1.5 373 1.9
10250 -1.8 28.8 260 11 6 4.7 2.6 13.5 56.3 -1.9 355 1.8
10000 -1.4 29.5 260 10 5 6.1 3.3 13.2 55.7 -2.3 336 1.7
9750 -0.9 30.4 260 9 4 6.4 3.5 12.9 55.3 -2.5 314 1.6
9500 -0.5 31.1 265 7 4 5.2 2.8 12.6 54.6 -2.9 295 1.5
9250 -0.2 31.6 270 6 3 5.8 3.2 12.2 54.0 -3.2 275 1.4
9000 0.2 32.4 275 5 3 4.6 2.5 11.9 53.4 -3.6 256 1.3
8750 0.6 33.1 280 4 2 4.9 2.7 11.5 52.7 -4.0 239 1.2
8500 1.0 33.8 295 3 2 6.4 3.5 11.2 52.1 -4.3 219 1.1
8250 1.4 34.5 320 3 1 5.5 3.0 10.9 51.6 -4.6 198 1.0
8000 1.9 35.4 350 3 2 7.5 4.1 10.6 51.1 -4.9 178 0.9
7750 2.5 36.5 025 4 2 8.1 4.5 10.5 50.9 -5.0 151 0.8
7500 3.0 37.4 035 5 3 6.7 3.7 10.3 50.5 -5.2 129 0.7
7250 3.5 38.3 040 6 3 7.1 3.9 10.1 50.2 -5.5 106 0.5
7000 4.1 39.4 040 7 4 8.6 4.7 9.9 49.9 -5.6 81 0.4
6750 4.7 40.5 040 8 4 6.7 3.7 9.8 49.7 -5.8 55 0.3
6500 5.1 41.2 040 9 5 6.7 3.7 9.5 49.1 -6.1 36 0.2
6250 5.5 41.9 040 10 5 -0.5 -0.3 9.2 48.5 -6.5 16 0.1
6000 5.0 41.0 040 9 5 -7.8 -4.3 8.0 46.3 -7.7 24 0.1
5750 4.5 40.1 040 7 4 -9.8 -5.4 6.7 44.0 -9.0 34 0.2
5500 3.0 37.4 055 3 1 -31.0 -17.0 4.5 40.1 -11.2 69 0.4
* * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *
03/29/2024 at 0900 MDT | 03/29/2024 at 1200 MDT
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +1.2 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +0.9
CINH... 0.0 K Index... +19.4 | CINH... 0.0 K Index... +23.0
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -59.5 -75.1 245 69 36 -0.9 -0.5 | -58.8 -73.8 250 70 36 -0.3 -0.2
45000 -60.8 -77.4 250 68 35 -0.9 -0.5 | -59.3 -74.7 255 68 35 -0.3 -0.2
40000 -60.8 -77.4 250 82 42 0.2 0.1 | -59.3 -74.7 245 71 37 0.0 0.0
38000 -60.1 -76.2 245 88 45 4.5 2.5 | -59.1 -74.4 240 73 38 2.8 1.5
36000 -57.1 -70.8 245 92 47 4.5 2.5 | -57.3 -71.1 245 79 41 2.6 1.4
34000 -54.4 -65.9 240 96 49 5.1 2.8 | -55.8 -68.4 250 84 43 3.4 1.8
32000 -50.9 -59.6 240 85 44 5.7 3.1 | -52.4 -62.3 250 76 39 5.7 3.1
30000 -47.4 -53.3 240 75 39 7.0 3.8 | -49.0 -56.2 250 68 35 6.9 3.8
29000 -45.2 -49.4 240 70 36 7.4 4.1 | -46.6 -51.9 250 64 33 8.0 4.4
28000 -43.0 -45.4 240 64 33 7.4 4.1 | -44.2 -47.6 250 59 30 8.0 4.4
27000 -40.8 -41.4 240 59 30 7.4 4.1 | -41.8 -43.2 250 55 28 8.0 4.4
26000 -38.3 -36.9 235 56 29 8.5 4.6 | -39.4 -38.9 250 51 26 8.0 4.4
25000 -35.8 -32.4 235 53 27 8.5 4.7 | -37.0 -34.6 250 49 25 8.0 4.4
24000 -33.3 -27.9 235 51 26 8.5 4.7 | -34.5 -30.1 245 46 24 8.1 4.4
23000 -30.8 -23.4 235 49 25 7.9 4.3 | -32.0 -25.6 245 42 22 8.7 4.8
22000 -28.5 -19.3 240 47 24 7.9 4.3 | -29.4 -20.9 240 38 20 8.8 4.8
21000 -26.1 -15.0 250 45 23 8.0 4.4 | -26.8 -16.2 235 35 18 9.0 4.9
20000 -24.0 -11.2 250 43 22 6.9 3.8 | -24.6 -12.3 240 34 17 6.9 3.8
19500 -23.0 -9.4 255 42 22 6.9 3.8 | -23.5 -10.3 245 34 17 6.9 3.8
19000 -21.9 -7.4 255 41 21 7.0 3.8 | -22.0 -7.6 255 35 18 7.0 3.8
18500 -20.9 -5.6 255 41 21 7.0 3.8 | -21.0 -5.8 265 36 19 7.0 3.8
18000 -19.4 -2.9 255 39 20 6.4 3.5 | -19.9 -3.8 265 37 19 7.1 3.9
17500 -18.5 -1.3 255 37 19 6.4 3.5 | -18.9 -2.0 265 38 20 7.1 3.9
17000 -17.5 0.5 250 35 18 7.4 4.1 | -17.8 -0.0 265 38 20 7.5 4.1
16500 -16.4 2.5 250 32 17 7.4 4.1 | -16.7 1.9 265 37 19 7.5 4.1
16000 -15.3 4.5 245 30 15 7.9 4.3 | -15.6 3.9 265 36 18 7.9 4.3
15500 -14.1 6.6 245 29 15 8.1 4.4 | -14.5 5.9 265 34 17 8.1 4.5
15000 -12.9 8.8 240 28 14 8.4 4.6 | -13.3 8.1 260 32 16 8.1 4.4
14500 -11.5 11.3 240 27 14 9.1 5.0 | -12.1 10.2 260 29 15 7.8 4.3
14000 -10.2 13.6 240 27 14 8.9 4.9 | -10.9 12.4 260 26 13 7.9 4.3
13500 -9.0 15.8 245 26 14 8.0 4.4 | -9.8 14.4 255 23 12 7.8 4.3
13000 -7.8 18.0 245 25 13 8.1 4.4 | -8.6 16.5 250 21 11 7.9 4.3
12500 -6.8 19.8 245 21 11 5.8 3.2 | -7.5 18.5 245 19 10 6.7 3.7
12000 -5.9 21.4 235 16 8 6.0 3.3 | -6.5 20.3 240 18 9 7.0 3.9
11500 -5.1 22.8 230 13 7 5.8 3.2 | -5.6 21.9 230 17 9 5.0 2.7
11000 -4.2 24.4 220 12 6 5.9 3.2 | -4.9 23.2 220 15 8 5.1 2.8
10500 -3.5 25.7 210 10 5 4.1 2.2 | -4.0 24.8 200 14 7 6.5 3.5
10250 -3.2 26.2 195 9 4 3.1 1.7 | -3.6 25.5 195 13 7 6.2 3.4
10000 -2.9 26.8 180 8 4 8.9 4.9 | -3.1 26.4 185 13 7 7.7 4.2
9750 -2.0 28.4 190 8 4 9.8 5.4 | -2.4 27.7 175 13 6 7.8 4.3
9500 -1.6 29.1 180 7 4 5.2 2.8 | -1.9 28.6 165 11 6 6.6 3.6
9250 -1.1 30.0 165 7 3 6.1 3.3 | -1.4 29.5 145 10 5 7.2 3.9
9000 -0.7 30.7 150 7 3 7.1 3.9 | -0.8 30.6 130 9 5 6.2 3.4
8750 -0.1 31.8 130 8 4 8.5 4.6 | -0.3 31.5 115 10 5 8.0 4.4
8500 0.6 33.1 125 8 4 8.1 4.5 | 0.4 32.7 110 10 5 10.3 5.7
8250 1.2 34.2 115 8 4 7.9 4.3 | 1.1 34.0 105 10 5 9.3 5.1
8000 1.8 35.2 110 8 4 9.2 5.0 | 1.9 35.4 100 10 5 11.2 6.1
7750 2.5 36.5 100 9 5 7.7 4.2 | 2.7 36.9 100 10 5 10.8 5.9
7500 3.0 37.4 095 9 5 5.5 3.0 | 3.4 38.1 100 10 5 8.7 4.8
7250 3.5 38.3 090 9 5 6.0 3.3 | 4.1 39.4 100 9 5 9.5 5.2
7000 4.0 39.2 090 9 5 6.2 3.4 | 4.9 40.8 095 9 5 10.7 5.9
6750 4.4 39.9 085 9 5 4.8 2.7 | 5.7 42.3 095 9 5 10.3 5.6
6500 4.8 40.6 085 8 4 5.3 2.9 | 6.4 43.5 095 9 5 8.7 4.8
6250 5.1 41.2 090 7 4 -0.2 -0.1 | 7.1 44.8 095 9 5 10.5 5.7
6000 4.6 40.3 105 5 3 -5.0 -2.8 | 8.0 46.4 095 9 5 12.6 6.9
5750 4.2 39.6 140 4 2 -5.2 -2.9 | 8.9 48.0 090 9 5 10.2 5.6
5500 3.4 38.1 175 5 3 -15.6 -8.5 | 9.6 49.3 090 8 4 13.0 7.1
03/29/2024 at 1500 MDT | 03/29/2024 at 1800 MDT
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +0.9 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +0.8
CINH... 0.0 K Index... +23.6 | CINH... 0.0 K Index... +24.6
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -58.7 -73.7 255 73 37 0.2 0.1 | -58.8 -73.8 255 71 36 -0.0 -0.0
45000 -58.4 -73.1 250 81 42 0.2 0.1 | -58.9 -74.0 255 77 40 -0.0 -0.0
40000 -58.6 -73.5 255 84 43 -0.2 -0.1 | -60.5 -76.9 270 98 50 -1.2 -0.7
38000 -58.3 -72.9 260 84 43 1.8 1.0 | -60.4 -76.7 275 107 55 3.2 1.8
36000 -57.2 -71.0 260 84 43 1.9 1.0 | -58.5 -73.3 275 114 58 3.3 1.8
34000 -56.1 -69.0 265 83 43 2.4 1.3 | -56.5 -69.7 270 120 62 4.6 2.5
32000 -53.2 -63.8 260 76 39 5.0 2.7 | -52.3 -62.1 270 107 55 7.0 3.8
30000 -50.2 -58.4 260 69 35 6.6 3.6 | -48.2 -54.8 270 93 48 7.4 4.0
29000 -47.7 -53.9 260 67 34 8.4 4.6 | -45.9 -50.6 270 87 45 7.5 4.1
28000 -45.2 -49.4 260 65 33 8.5 4.6 | -43.7 -46.7 265 81 42 7.5 4.1
27000 -42.7 -44.9 260 63 32 8.5 4.6 | -41.4 -42.5 265 75 39 7.5 4.1
26000 -40.1 -40.2 260 59 30 8.4 4.6 | -39.1 -38.4 265 68 35 8.0 4.4
25000 -37.6 -35.7 255 52 27 8.4 4.6 | -36.7 -34.1 260 62 32 8.1 4.4
24000 -35.1 -31.2 250 47 24 8.4 4.6 | -34.2 -29.6 260 55 29 8.1 4.4
23000 -32.6 -26.7 245 42 22 8.6 4.7 | -31.8 -25.2 255 50 26 8.3 4.5
22000 -30.0 -22.0 245 38 20 8.7 4.7 | -28.7 -19.7 260 43 22 8.3 4.6
21000 -26.8 -16.2 235 34 18 8.7 4.8 | -26.2 -15.2 260 37 19 8.4 4.6
20000 -24.2 -11.6 245 35 18 8.7 4.8 | -23.7 -10.7 255 33 17 8.5 4.7
19500 -22.9 -9.2 245 36 18 8.7 4.8 | -22.4 -8.3 255 32 16 8.6 4.7
19000 -21.6 -6.9 250 37 19 8.7 4.8 | -21.2 -6.2 250 30 15 8.6 4.7
18500 -20.3 -4.5 255 38 19 8.5 4.7 | -19.9 -3.8 250 28 14 8.5 4.7
18000 -19.2 -2.6 255 37 19 7.8 4.3 | -18.7 -1.7 245 27 14 8.4 4.6
17500 -18.0 -0.4 255 36 19 7.9 4.3 | -17.4 0.7 245 27 14 8.5 4.7
17000 -16.8 1.8 255 34 18 7.8 4.3 | -16.2 2.8 245 26 13 7.7 4.2
16500 -15.7 3.7 255 32 16 7.8 4.3 | -15.1 4.8 245 24 12 7.7 4.2
16000 -14.5 5.9 255 30 15 7.7 4.2 | -14.0 6.8 245 22 11 7.3 4.0
15500 -13.4 7.9 255 28 14 7.6 4.2 | -13.0 8.6 245 21 11 7.1 3.9
15000 -12.3 9.9 250 26 13 7.4 4.0 | -11.9 10.6 245 20 10 7.0 3.9
14500 -11.3 11.7 250 24 12 6.7 3.7 | -10.9 12.4 245 19 10 6.9 3.8
14000 -10.3 13.5 245 22 11 6.7 3.7 | -9.9 14.2 245 17 9 6.9 3.8
13500 -9.4 15.1 240 20 10 6.6 3.6 | -8.9 16.0 245 16 8 6.2 3.4
13000 -8.4 16.9 235 19 10 6.7 3.7 | -8.0 17.6 245 15 8 6.3 3.4
12500 -7.5 18.5 225 17 9 6.0 3.3 | -7.1 19.2 245 14 7 6.5 3.6
12000 -6.6 20.1 215 14 7 6.1 3.4 | -6.2 20.8 235 12 6 6.6 3.6
11500 -5.7 21.7 205 11 6 5.9 3.2 | -5.3 22.5 225 11 6 5.7 3.1
11000 -4.8 23.4 185 6 3 5.8 3.2 | -4.4 24.1 220 10 5 5.9 3.2
10500 -3.8 25.2 135 3 2 7.1 3.9 | -3.6 25.5 205 8 4 5.0 2.7
10250 -3.3 26.1 105 3 2 7.0 3.9 | -3.2 26.2 185 7 4 5.4 2.9
10000 -2.7 27.1 080 4 2 8.6 4.7 | -2.9 26.8 165 7 3 4.0 2.2
9750 -2.0 28.4 075 4 2 10.6 5.8 | -2.6 27.3 150 5 3 3.7 2.0
9500 -1.2 29.8 075 4 2 10.7 5.9 | -2.3 27.9 125 4 2 4.6 2.5
9250 -0.4 31.3 070 4 2 11.3 6.2 | -2.0 28.4 090 4 2 4.8 2.6
9000 0.4 32.7 065 4 2 8.8 4.8 | -1.6 29.1 065 5 3 3.1 1.7
8750 1.0 33.8 060 5 2 8.4 4.6 | -1.4 29.5 055 6 3 5.4 2.9
8500 1.8 35.2 055 5 2 10.9 6.0 | -0.8 30.6 045 7 4 9.0 5.0
8250 2.5 36.5 055 5 2 9.6 5.3 | -0.2 31.6 040 8 4 7.7 4.2
8000 3.3 37.9 050 5 3 12.1 6.7 | 0.4 32.7 035 9 5 9.3 5.1
7750 4.3 39.7 045 5 3 11.0 6.0 | 1.1 34.0 025 11 6 7.3 4.0
7500 4.9 40.8 045 5 3 7.7 4.2 | 1.5 34.7 020 13 7 4.3 2.4
7250 5.6 42.1 040 6 3 8.9 4.9 | 1.9 35.4 015 14 7 5.5 3.0
7000 6.3 43.3 040 6 3 11.9 6.5 | 2.4 36.3 010 16 8 10.0 5.5
6750 7.2 45.0 035 6 3 11.0 6.0 | 3.2 37.8 005 16 8 10.2 5.6
6500 7.9 46.2 035 6 3 7.6 4.2 | 3.8 38.8 005 17 9 6.5 3.6
6250 8.5 47.3 035 6 3 10.0 5.5 | 4.3 39.7 360 17 9 9.7 5.3
6000 9.4 48.9 030 6 3 12.8 7.0 | 5.2 41.4 360 16 8 13.5 7.4
5750 10.3 50.5 030 6 3 10.1 5.5 | 6.2 43.2 360 16 8 9.7 5.3
5500 10.9 51.6 025 6 3 9.1 5.0 | 6.7 44.1 360 15 8 6.4 3.5
________________________________________________________________________________
This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC) and again by approximately 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC). It is not
continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance.
The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken near the old Stapleton
Airport site in Denver, Colorado at
North Latitude: 39 deg 46 min 5.016 sec
West Longitude: 104 deg 52 min 9.984 sec
Elevation: 5285 feet (1611 meters)
and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the
Colorado Rocky Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.
The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger
values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or
greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
convective activity develop.
CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative
this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This
inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)
Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
produced by surface heating only.
Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a
"trigger temperature" for that level.
Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.
Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and
existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
waves.
K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger
positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding
soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
and is reproduced in the following table:
below -10 no or weak thermals
-10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
5 to 15 good soaring conditions
15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers
20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
probability of showers and thunderstorms
above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms
Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
inversions.
Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.
Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with
positive values showing stable conditions.
Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is
computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
are applied to these calculations.
Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.
Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It
is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments
are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment.
Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that
between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind speed no longer increases with height
PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.
Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
and the time of overdevelopment.
Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values
are indicative of thermal lift.
Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:
Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating
>= 800 fpm Excellent
>= 400 and < 800 fpm Good
>= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair
< 200 fpm Poor
Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
3. initiation of widespread precipitation
Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
reach the trigger temperature.
Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.
Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to
these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
movements.
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