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-- Discussion containing changed information from previous version are highlighted. --
000
FXUS63 KFGF 141439
AFDFGF

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Grand Forks ND
939 AM CDT Sun Apr 14 2024

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Critical fire weather conditions are expected this afternoon
  and early evening across northeast North Dakota and far
  northwest Minnesota in the Red River Valley.

- There is a 50% chance for areas to see greater than an inch of
  rainfall Monday and Tuesday, with the highest chances across
  southeast North Dakota and west central Minnesota.

&&

.UPDATE...
-- Changed Discussion --
Issued at 939 AM CDT Sun Apr 14 2024

The forecast remains mostly on track this afternoon but
tempered sustained winds a bit for this update but kept the max
potential around the 20 mph mark. Gusts should still get into
the mid 20s for northeast North Dakota and Northwest Minnesota
with this being the main justification for the RFW this
afternoon as RH should solidly fall to near or below 20% in
related areas.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 352 AM CDT Sun Apr 14 2024

We are in a brief period of northwest flow aloft  ahead of shortwave
ridging that will be followed by southwest flow later tonight into
Monday. Dry/warm temperatures are expected today, with another day of
upper 60s/lower 70s (maybe a few locations warmer) despite the
slightly lower temperatures in the post frontal air mass and
northwest BL flow.

The upper low to the southwest is still expected to shift east-
northeast through midweek, with a secondary mid/upper low moving
into southern Canada and possible into the Northern Plains/upper
Midwest late in the week. WAA and building instability should bring
increasing rain chases (isolated thunderstorms) later tonight into
Monday, though chances for more than 0.25" of rainfall 20-30% during
that period. The main period of rain and embedded thunderstorms
arrives later Monday night through Tuesday as the mid/upper lows
move into our region and deformation/inverted troughs help organize
several regions of positive frontogenesis. THe probability for at
least 0.25" during that period is 60-90% across our region, with the
24hr probability for 1"+ rainfall 50% (three day probs are around
60%). Based on the pattern my confidence in at least some locations
seeing 1-2" is high, but this will be dependent on where those rain
bands set up and pivot, along with the track of embedded
thunderstorms (20-30% coverage of thunderstorms). Skinny/elevated
instability profiles and weaker effective shear lower confidence in
any severe thunderstorm potential in our area.

Precipitation chances do linger as the southern mid/upper low
transitions east, but this will depend on the northern wave and how
it ultimately tracks. Precipitation during the nighttime periods may
mix/change to snow at times and there is a signal for light
accumulations in some ensemble data sets. Due to warm ground
temperatures and already large spread in evolution of
forcing/moisture during those periods of sub freezing
temperatures at night, the probability for impacts is low.

&&

.AVIATION /12Z TAFS THROUGH 12Z MONDAY/...
Issued at 644 AM CDT Sun Apr 14 2024

VFR conditions are going to persist through the TAF period. Winds
are going to be from northwest through 03z and then start to shift
to an easterly direction. Starting at 17z KGFK,KTVF,and KFAR will
start to gusts between 20 to 30kts with the faster gusts at KGFK and
KTVF. These gusts are expected to end around sunset. Clouds will
start to move in from the west at 00z between 10 to 15k feet.

&&

.FIRE WEATHER...
-- Changed Discussion --
Issued at 352 AM CDT Sun Apr 14 2024

We should have much less cloud cover than previous days that should
allow for efficient mixing and temperatures and dewpoints have been
adjusted to account for previous biases and to reflect expected
mixing. This results in widespread afternoon RH values below 25
percent and some as low as 17%. A bit warmer temperatures/lower Tds
and we may actually see isolated locations at or below 15% (air mass
is a little cooler than previous days so confidence isn`t as high on
those lower values).

The question then is winds, and with northwest boundary layer flow
down the northern Red River Valley maximizing momentum transfer we
should be able to tap into 20-25kt winds and with this a 3hr period
of 20 mph sustained winds gusting as high as 30 mph becomes likely.
These higher winds aloft do transition east, but should linger in
the northern valley locations enough to achieve Red Flag Warning
criteria/critical fire weather conditions. Elsewhere, winds aloft
shouldn`t be as high and the window smaller lowering confidence in
reaching RFW criteria (though near critical is likely especially in
MN). A Red Flag Warning was issued for Noon-8PM for the northern
Red River Valley of northeast ND and northwest MN, and based on
partner coordination and SPS was issued to the south and east
in MN for near critical fire weather conditions.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
-- Changed Discussion --
ND...Red Flag Warning until 8 PM CDT this evening for NDZ008-016-
     027-030.
MN...Red Flag Warning until 8 PM CDT this evening for MNZ001-002-
     004-005-007-008-013>015.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

$$

UPDATE...TT
DISCUSSION...DJR
AVIATION...MM/DJR
FIRE WEATHER...DJR