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-- Discussion containing changed information from previous version are highlighted. --
000
FXUS63 KIND 141740
AFDIND

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Indianapolis IN
140 PM EDT Sun Apr 14 2024

.KEY MESSAGES...

-- Changed Discussion --
- An isolated thunderstorm possible east-central Indiana
- Ongoing River Flooding
- Multiple rounds of showers and storms this week, severe weather
  possible late Tuesday and Wednesday
- Cooling trend late next week
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.SHORT TERM (This evening through Monday)...
-- Changed Discussion --
Issued at 140 PM EDT Sun Apr 14 2024

With the latest observations and short term model trends, it seems
low-level moisture will be insufficient for convective initiation
this far west at the peak of this diurnal cycle. Most/all of the
convection should be relegated to Ohio and Pennsylvania ahead of the
low-amplitude shortwave perturbation. Further west into Indiana,
wake subsidence will maintain/enhance capping elevated mixed layer.
It does not appear that convection will initiate via frontal
convergence and diurnal destabilization alone, and would need large
scale ascent and/or richer low-level moisture to overcome the
hostile thermal profile.

Some of the most aggressive HREF members do show convective cells
behind the front after the peak of the diurnal cycle. This appears
to be tied to moisture convergence near the boundary and moisture
that is redistributed to the top of the mixed layer, so it may be
the models` attempt at convection that fails due to capping and dry
entrainment. We may see enhanced cumulus near the front and some
glaciation on satellite with isolated brief showers, but sustained
deep convection seems unlikely given our current analysis.

Post-frontal air mass on Monday will be drier but only a few degrees
cooler with light northeasterly winds. The front will stall across
southern Indiana. With ridging and subsidence reinforcing the
capping elevated mixed layer, thunderstorm development should be
isolated Monday afternoon along the front. Richer low-level moisture
will be present near the front, however, so chances of initiation
are better than today. If the front stalls slightly further north
than indicated now, our southernmost counties will be in play for
isolated convection and so we will continue with low probabilities
and "isolated" wording there.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.LONG TERM (Monday night through Sunday)...
-- Changed Discussion --
Issued at 140 PM EDT Sun Apr 14 2024

Monday night, as warm advection strengthens preceding a mid-latitude
system emerging onto the Plains, some convection will be possible
near and north of the northward-moving warm front. Coverage should
still be limited, however. Any warm advection-driven precipitation
Tuesday morning should shift north of the area by afternoon placing
us fully within the warm sector. Since large scale ascent will hold
back to our west during the daytime, we will lower precipitation
probabilities during the afternoon hours.

Convective evolution upstream with Tuesday`s diurnal maxima is
somewhat uncertain, but should be confined to near the Pacific
front/dryline hybrid within the core of the warm conveyor belt and
narrow rich moisture plume. The degree of upscale growth is in
question but with the current model data it seems probable that a
band of convection will enter Indiana by evening and progress
eastward through the state overnight. Strong mid-upper flow
elongating hodographs and the presence of at least a small amount of
instability will be enough for some severe storm potential
overnight, although convection may tend to outpace the instability
and weaken as it moves into Indiana.

Early on Wednesday, the weakening and increasingly stacked low is
shown in models to be over Wisconsin with a trailing cold front
moving through Indiana during the afternoon. Recent model cycles
have slowed its progression. An axis of low-level moisture preceding
this front coupled with diabatic surface heating should result in
sufficient instability for convection Wednesday afternoon.
Complicating factors from departing convection and wake subsidence,
veering/unidirectional flow as low weakens and isallobaric component
lessens, and frontal timing lead to an unclear picture of severe
storm coverage and magnitude. Nevertheless, the general pattern is
supportive of severe thunderstorms.

A cooler and drier post-frontal air mass will arrive Thursday and
continue into next weekend as a broad trough forms over Canada.
Perturbations within fast westerlies at its southern periphery could
bring low precipitation chances, mainly late Thursday into Friday.
However, deeper moisture will be relegated to lower latitudes so
coverage, intensity, and amounts will be limited.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.AVIATION (18Z TAF Issuance)...
Issued at 105 PM EDT Sun Apr 14 2024

Impacts:

- Wind shift to north tonight

Discussion:

VFR conditions will prevail. Wind gusts should gradually decrease
late today, and end this evening once mixing slows. A weak cold
front will bring a wind shift to north-northeasterly late this
evening into tonight. Forecast confidence on timing is moderate, but
some minor adjustments to when specifically the wind shift occurs
may be needed as we watch observational trends.


&&

.IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.
&&

$$

SHORT TERM...BRB
LONG TERM...BRB
AVIATION...BRB