Quantitative Precipitation Forecast
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408 FOUS30 KWBC 291551 QPFERD Excessive Rainfall Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 1151 AM EDT Mon Apr 29 2024 Day 1 Valid 16Z Mon Apr 29 2024 - 12Z Tue Apr 30 2024 ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS ACROSS PORTIONS OF THE MID-SOUTH... A slow-moving cold front will move east through the afternoon and evening with a modest convergence signal over the southwestern reaches of the Ohio Valley into the Lower to Mid Mississippi. The Mid- South region is between two main upper level disturbances -- on moving along the Red River of the South and the other trekking across southwest MN per recent water vapor imagery, with some possibility of an MCV trying to sneak in from the southwest. This leaves portions of the Lower to Mid Mississippi Valley within a region of potentially less forward propagation and better upper level diffluence/divergence. ML CAPE up to 2000 J/kg will be located ahead of the incoming cold front with a decent theta-E ridge in place over much of the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys. With elevated PWATs bordering 2-2.5 deviations above normal, the environment is ripe for any convective development to produce locally heavy rainfall within the corridors of interest. Effective bulk shear is sufficient for organized convection, and the flow will be fairly unidirectional out of the south-southwest to southwest. Hourly rain totals to 2" and local amounts to 4" are anticipated, which led to the upgrade to a Slight Risk. Rainfall elsewhere is expected to have less instability to work with and have greater forward propagation, so a large Marginal Risk remains to deal with the possibilities there. Significant reductions to the risk areas were made across TX and LA due deal with convective progression. Of note, the 00z/06z HREF appears much more useful for convective progression closer to the Gulf Coast, albeit slow, when compared to the 12z HREF.. Roth Day 2 Valid 12Z Tue Apr 30 2024 - 12Z Wed May 01 2024 ...A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL EXISTS ACROSS PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...AND OVER THE UPPER TENNESSEE/OHIO VALLEYS INTO THE APPALACHIANS... ...Northeast... A Marginal Risk was maintained across PA/NY state with some expansion into VT thanks to marginal convective risk coupling with some wetter antecedent conditions that arose from the previous day of rainfall. A west-east situated stationary boundary will remain draped across Upstate NY through into the adjacent Ontario Province with a cold front progressing across the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley into the Northeastern US. Elevated PWAT signatures extending up through the eastern CONUS will enhance the environment capable of producing some locally heavy rainfall on Tuesday afternoon and evening as the aforementioned cold front approaches and provides a decent convergence pattern across the Northern Mid-Atlantic into parts of New England. The flow will be progressive in nature, the max potential is capped with HREF probability fields capping hourly rates to between 1-2"/hr with 1"/hr still very promising over western NY once convective initiates (50-70%). This will be enough to cause some localized flooding within the terrain extending through the northern Hudson up through the Adirondacks with the northern extent situated over into VT and the southern edge over central PA. The combination of low-level convergence and ascent from an approaching shortwave is best suited over NY state with the northern and southern periphery approaching the lower end of the MRGL threshold as the upper ascent pattern will be the primary driver for each respective location. A max of 2-3" will be forecast across a few areas in NY, but the general consensus is 0.5-1.5" for the rest of the areas impacted. This was sufficient for the MRGL risk to be maintained. ...Upper Ohio/Tennessee Valleys into the adjacent Appalachians... Some degree of overnight showers and thunderstorms is expected to continue into Tuesday morning from KY into TN, south and east of a cold front approaching from the west. It`s not clear if storms lingering into Tuesday morning from the overnight will pose a flash flood concern but some redevelopment of convection is likely during the afternoon hours. Moisture anomalies are forecast to decrease during the day as an upper trough passes by overhead, but a small window for localized flash flooding appears possible prior to winds shifting around to the northwest near/after 00Z. ...Midwest to Upper Mississippi Valley... A quick moving shortwave will eject out of the southern periphery of a negatively tilted longwave trough over the northern plains and southern Canada leading to convective genesis over the northern and central plains. The synoptic evolution has gained consensus from the latest deterministic suite which has allowed for some general agreement amongst the ensembles during the Tuesday evening time frame. The area that is most likely to see some convective impact will be the Upper-Mississippi Valley into the northern Midwest where convective initiation over the adjacent northern plains will quickly shift eastward with locally heavy rainfall anticipated within any multi-cell clusters that develop from the west. The progressive nature of the storm motion will limit the threat to a lower end of the MRGL risk threshold, but a formidable mid-level ascent pattern and modest tongue of elevated instability extending up through IA and southern MN will garner a chance for a few areas to overachieve and facilitate a MRGL threat of flash flooding. QPF max of up to 2" is possible with the general consensus leaning towards 0.75-1.5". ...Southern to Central Plains... Increasing southerly flow thanks in part to the development of a surface cyclone over the northern plains will aid in the advection of elevated theta-E`s and associated instability within the confines of central and eastern KS on Tuesday afternoon. A cold front will strengthen along the tail end of the surface low and progress eastward allowing for a developing surface convergence pattern in-of the central plains. Large scale forcing from a progressive shortwave on the tail end of a broad, negatively tilted longwave trough will act in tandem with the surface to create a locally dynamic convective regime within the northern periphery of our theta-E ridge. Best prospects for convection remain over eastern KS into northern MO with localized totals over 2" plausible in KS. Hourly rates on the latest HREF are around 1"/hr based on probabilities, but it was at the end of the run when convection is just starting to get its act together. Would not be surprised to see better signals in later runs leading to the MRGL risk area maintained with an outside chance at a SLGT. A lower end threat for flash flooding will exist over OK into northern and west TX as convection tries to fire over the dryline positioned from the TX Big Bend up through OK. A lot of the convective threat is conditional in nature, but the moisture and instability are present and more than capable of some heavier rains within any convection that does develop. It will come down to whether a small mid-level perturbation ripples through the flow and allows for enough mid-level ascent to help ignite the convection within the confines of the boundary. It`s split on guidance with a weak signature in the ensemble members/mean. In the deterministic that is more aggressive, forecast totals over 2.5" were plausible, so wanted to maintain continuity to account for the potential. Kleebauer/Otto Day 3 Valid 12Z Wed May 01 2024 - 12Z Thu May 02 2024 ...A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IS FORECAST OVER PORTIONS OF THE MIDWEST & CENTRAL/SOUTHERN PLAINS... A broad, closed upper level cyclone will persist over eastern MT into the adjacent northern plains and southern Canadian Provinces by Wednesday with a potent, mid-level shortwave rounding the base of the mean trough and exiting into the northern high plains by the second half of the period. A vigorous upper diffluent pattern will transpire by Wednesday afternoon and evening with a corridor of convection initiating towards nightfall. A stout LLJ will enhance areal shear in-of the central and northern plains within the Quad state area between NE/KS/IA/MO. Any convective development will congeal and grow upscale into a large cluster of heavy thunderstorms within the above area leading to widespread heavy rains capable of flash flooding as rates likely reach towards that 1-2"/hr marker with locally higher possible. QPF maximum of over 3" is likely given the setup which would create the threat approaching the elevated side of the SLGT risk thanks to wet antecedent conditions from prior rainfall expected to reduce FFG indices. The SLGT risk was maintained from prior forecasts and will be assessed for potential upgrades in later forecast cycles. Across the southern plains, there`s some question as to exactly where the secondary precip maximum will occur as a quick moving shortwave embedded within the sub-tropical jet ejects out of MX and moves to the northeast by Wednesday evening. Recent deterministic is coming around the ML model consensus of central and north TX being the primary target for convective development with the heaviest rainfall located within the tongue of higher theta-E`s positioned east of the line from ABI to DRT. Considering the ML output remaining steadfast from the past succession of runs, the Red River into the TX Hill Country and points east will likely see some flare up of thunderstorms with a deep, moist convective pattern capable of enhanced rainfall rates typical with flooding. This allowed for a maintenance of the previous SLGT risk in place with some minor adjustment around the southern edge to account for the latest ensemble bias corrected QPF and ML output of 24hr QPF averages. Kleebauer Day 1 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt Day 2 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt Day 3 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt