Weather observations for the past three days for
Alexander City, Thomas C Russell Field Airport
Imperial (Metric)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºF) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) Pressure Precipitation (in)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
23 09:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast BKN012 OVC019 76.5 75.7 98% 76 30 0.0
23 08:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast BKN008 OVC013 75.2 75.2 100% 73 30 0.0
23 08:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast BKN006 OVC011 74.7 74.7 100% 29.99 0.0
23 08:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC006 74.3 74.3 100% 29.99 0.0
23 07:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.6 73.6 100% 29.99 0.0
23 07:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.8 73.8 100% 29.99 0.0
23 07:15 E 3 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.9 73.9 100% 29.98 0.0
23 06:55 E 5 10.00 Overcast OVC006 74.3 74.3 74.3 72.1 100% 29.98 0.0
23 06:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.8 73.8 100% 29.98 0.0
23 06:15 E 3 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.6 73.6 100% 29.97 0.0
23 05:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.8 73.8 100% 29.96 0.0
23 05:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.9 73.9 100% 29.95 0.0
23 05:15 E 3 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.9 73.9 100% 29.95 0.0
23 04:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.8 73.8 100% 29.94 0.0
23 04:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.8 73.8 100% 29.94 0.0
23 04:15 NE 3 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.8 73.8 100% 29.94 0.0
23 03:55 NE 3 10.00 Overcast OVC006 73.9 73.9 100% 29.94 0.0
23 03:35 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN008 BKN016 73.8 73.8 100% 29.95 0.0
23 03:15 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT016 73.8 73.8 100% 29.95 0.0
23 02:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.8 73.8 100% 29.95 0.0
23 02:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT016 SCT024 73.6 73.6 100% 29.96 0.0
23 02:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC016 73 73 100% 29.97 0.0
23 01:55 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN018 BKN027 BKN032 72.3 72.3 100% 29.97 0.0
23 01:35 Calm 7.00 Partly Cloudy SCT018 72.5 72.5 100% 29.97 0.0
23 01:15 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist CLR 72.7 72.7 100% 29.97 0.0
23 00:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73 73 78.4 72.7 100% 29.98 0.0
23 00:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.2 73.2 100% 29.98 0.0
23 00:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.6 73.6 100% 29.97 0.0
22 23:55 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT028 SCT038 73.4 73.4 100% 29.98 0.0
22 23:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT028 SCT038 73.4 73.4 100% 29.98 0.0
22 23:15 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN036 74.8 74.8 100% 29.98 0.0
22 22:55 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN034 74.3 74.3 100% 29.98 0.0
22 22:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT034 73.9 73.9 100% 29.98 0.0
22 22:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.8 73.8 100% 29.97 0.0
22 21:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.6 73.6 100% 29.97 0.0
22 21:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 74.1 74.1 100% 29.96 0.0
22 21:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 74.7 74.7 100% 29.96 0.0
22 20:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 75.4 75.4 100% 73 29.96 0.0
22 20:35 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 75.2 75.2 100% 73 29.96 0.0
22 20:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 75.7 75.7 100% 74 29.94 0.0
22 19:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 76.3 76.3 100% 76 29.94 0.0
22 19:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 77 77 100% 78 29.95 0.0
22 19:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 77.7 76.6 97% 80 29.95 0.0
22 18:55 S 3 10.00 Fair CLR 78.6 74.8 89.2 77.2 88% 82 29.95 0.0 0.01
22 18:35 SW 5 10.00 Fair CLR 79.5 76.6 91% 84 29.95 0.0
22 18:15 S 5 10.00 Fair CLR 79.7 77.9 94% 85 29.95 0.0
22 17:55 S 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT011 SCT016 SCT022 79.9 79.2 98% 86 29.95 0.0
22 17:35 S 7 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT010 SCT031 SCT070 82.8 77.4 84% 92 29.95 0.0
22 17:15 E 3 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT055 SCT070 82.6 75.4 79% 90 29.95 0.0
22 16:55 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT055 82.4 75.6 80% 90 29.93 0.0
22 16:35 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 80.6 77.4 90% 87 29.92 0.0
22 16:15 NE 3 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 78.8 77.9 97% 83 29.91 0.0
22 15:55 NW 3 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 78.8 78.6 99% 83 29.93 0.0 0.01 0.01
22 15:35 NW 5 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT002 SCT007 SCT040 77.9 77.9 100% 80 29.92 0.0 0.01
22 15:15 N 5 10.00 Thunderstorm Light Rain in Vicinity SCT002 BKN007 BKN030 77.4 77.4 100% 79 29.92 0.0 0.01
22 14:55 NW 9 10.00 Rain SCT013 BKN032 BKN047 80.8 73.9 80% 86 29.93 0.0
22 14:35 N 12 10.00 Thunderstorm BKN031 BKN040 81.5 71.8 72% 86 29.93 0.0
22 14:15 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT033 SCT038 87.6 71.6 59% 94 29.92 0.0
22 13:55 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm SCT029 SCT038 87.8 72.3 60% 95 29.93 0.0
22 13:35 NE 6 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT029 86.5 73.2 65% 94 29.94 0.0
22 13:15 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT029 86.5 72.1 62% 93 29.94 0.0
22 12:55 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT028 SCT037 86.9 73.8 86.9 72.3 65% 95 29.95 0.0
22 12:35 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT028 SCT037 86.4 72.9 64% 93 29.96 0.0
22 12:15 E 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT026 SCT034 85.8 73 66% 93 29.97 0.0
22 11:55 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT021 84 73 70% 90 29.97 0.0
22 11:35 E 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT021 84.4 74.1 71% 92 29.97 0.0
22 11:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 84.2 73.4 70% 91 29.98 0.0
22 10:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 83.5 73.6 72% 90 29.98 0.0
22 10:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 80.8 73 77% 85 29.98 0.0
22 10:15 SE 3 10.00 Fair CLR 80.2 73.8 81% 85 29.98 0.0
22 09:55 NE 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT011 SCT080 79.3 75.7 89% 84 29.98 0.0
22 09:35 NE 5 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN011 BKN080 77.7 75.9 94% 80 29.97 0.0
22 09:15 E 5 10.00 Overcast OVC009 77.2 75.9 96% 78 29.97 0.0
22 08:55 NE 3 10.00 Overcast OVC009 76.8 76.6 99% 77 29.96 0.0
22 08:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC009 76.5 76.3 99% 76 29.96 0.0
22 08:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC007 75.7 75.6 99% 74 29.96 0.0
22 07:55 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN007 BKN075 74.3 74.3 100% 29.96 0.0
22 07:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT007 73.6 73.6 100% 29.96 0.0
22 07:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73 73 100% 29.95 0.0
22 06:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72 72 73 71.1 100% 29.95 0.0 0.01
22 06:35 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 71.6 71.6 100% 29.94 0.0
22 06:15 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist CLR 71.6 71.6 100% 29.94 0.0
22 05:55 Calm 7.00 Partly Cloudy SCT001 SCT100 71.1 71.1 100% 29.94 0.0
22 05:35 Calm 7.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN001 71.8 71.8 100% 29.93 0.0
22 05:15 Calm 7.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN001 71.8 71.8 100% 29.93 0.0
22 04:55 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist SCT001 71.8 71.8 100% 29.92 0.0
22 04:35 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist CLR 71.6 71.6 100% 29.92 0.0
22 04:15 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 71.6 71.6 100% 29.91 0.0
22 03:55 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 72 72 100% 29.91 0.0 0.01
22 03:35 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist CLR 71.6 71.6 100% 29.91 0.0
22 03:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.7 72.7 100% 29.91 0.0
22 02:55 Calm 4.00 Fog/Mist SCT002 72.7 72.7 100% 29.9 0.0
22 02:35 Calm 1.25 Fog/Mist OVC002 72.9 72.9 100% 29.91 0.0
22 02:15 Calm 4.00 Fog/Mist SCT002 72.7 72.7 100% 29.91 0.0
22 01:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.5 72.5 100% 29.91 0.0 0.01
22 01:35 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 72.3 72.3 100% 29.91 0.0 0.01
22 01:15 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 73 73 100% 29.91 0.0
22 00:55 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 72.1 72.1 77.2 72.1 100% 29.91 0.0 0.01
22 00:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.2 73.2 100% 29.91 0.0
22 00:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.9 72.9 100% 29.91 0.0
21 23:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 73.4 100% 29.92 0.0
21 23:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 73.4 100% 29.92 0.0
21 23:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.6 73.6 100% 29.92 0.0
21 22:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 74.3 74.3 100% 29.92 0.0
21 22:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 74.5 74.5 100% 29.92 0.0
21 22:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 75.2 75.2 100% 73 29.93 0.0
21 21:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 75.2 75.2 100% 73 29.93 0.0 0.01
21 21:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 75.7 75.7 100% 74 29.92 0.0
21 21:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 75.2 75.2 100% 73 29.91 0.0
21 20:55 W 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT080 75.2 75.2 100% 73 29.91 0.0
21 20:35 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT080 75.6 75.6 100% 74 29.91 0.0
21 20:15 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT080 SCT110 76.1 76.1 100% 75 29.9 0.0
21 19:55 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT080 SCT110 75.6 75.6 100% 74 29.9 0.0 0.01
21 19:35 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT001 SCT070 SCT080 76.1 76.1 100% 75 29.88 0.0 0.01
21 19:15 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm Light Rain SCT001 BKN008 BKN070 76.3 76.3 100% 76 29.88 0.0 0.01
21 18:55 N 5 10.00 Thunderstorm Light Rain in Vicinity BKN007 BKN038 BKN048 77.5 76.3 89.1 77.5 96% 79 29.87 0.0
21 18:35 NE 8 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT038 SCT046 BKN060 80.2 71.1 74% 84 29.87 0.0
21 18:15 NE 7 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT040 SCT050 81.9 71.2 70% 86 29.87 0.0
21 17:55 NE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 87.3 71.6 60% 93 29.85 0.0
21 17:35 N 5 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 87.3 70.9 58% 93 29.85 0.0
21 17:15 NW 6 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT039 87.8 71.4 58% 94 29.84 0.0
21 16:55 NW 6 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT039 87.8 71.6 59% 94 29.85 0.0
21 16:35 N 5 10.00 Fair CLR 88.7 70.5 55% 94 29.85 0.0
21 16:15 NW 5 10.00 Fair CLR 88.2 70.7 56% 94 29.84 0.0
21 15:55 N 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT033 SCT044 88.3 72.3 59% 95 29.84 0.0
21 15:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT035 87.8 73.6 63% 96 29.85 0.0
21 15:15 NW 8 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT035 88 72.3 60% 95 29.84 0.0
21 14:55 W 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT035 87.6 72.9 62% 95 29.84 0.0
21 14:35 W 5 10.00 Fair CLR 88 72.9 61% 96 29.86 0.0
21 14:15 NW 6 10.00 Fair CLR 87.4 71.6 59% 94 29.86 0.0
21 13:55 NW 5 10.00 Fair CLR 86.5 71.4 61% 92 29.88 0.0
21 13:35 NW 3 10.00 Fair CLR 86.2 71.4 62% 92 29.89 0.0
21 13:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 85.3 71.2 63% 91 29.9 0.0
21 12:55 NW 5 10.00 Fair CLR 84.6 71.6 85.6 71.2 65% 90 29.9 0.0
21 12:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 83.3 72 69% 89 29.91 0.0
21 12:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 72.3 72% 88 29.91 0.0
21 11:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 82 72.7 73% 87 29.92 0.0
21 11:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 81.3 71.4 72% 86 29.92 0.0
21 11:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 79.9 71.2 75% 83 29.92 0.0
21 10:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 79.5 72 78% 83 29.93 0.0
21 10:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 78.8 70.9 77% 82 29.93 0.0
21 10:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 78.1 71.2 80% 80 29.93 0.0
21 09:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 77 74.7 93% 78 29.93 0.0
21 09:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 75.4 75.2 99% 73 29.92 0.0
21 09:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 74.5 74.5 100% 29.92 0.0
21 08:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.6 73.6 100% 29.92 0.0
21 08:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.7 72.7 100% 29.91 0.0
21 08:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.5 72.5 100% 29.91 0.0
21 07:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.7 72.7 100% 29.91 0.0
21 07:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72 72 100% 29.9 0.0
21 07:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 71.6 100% 29.9 0.0
21 06:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 71.2 71.2 73.8 69.8 100% 29.89 0.0
21 06:35 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 70.7 70.7 100% 29.89 0.0
21 06:15 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 70.2 70.2 100% 29.88 0.0
21 05:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 70 70 100% 29.88 0.0
21 05:35 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 69.8 69.8 100% 29.87 0.0
21 05:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 70.5 70.5 100% 29.87 0.0
21 04:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 71.1 71.1 100% 29.87 0.0
21 04:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 71.6 100% 29.86 0.0
21 04:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 71.6 100% 29.87 0.0
21 03:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 71.6 100% 29.87 0.0
21 03:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72 72 100% 29.87 0.0
21 03:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 71.8 71.8 100% 29.87 0.0
21 02:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.1 72.1 100% 29.86 0.0
21 02:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.7 72.7 100% 29.86 0.0
21 02:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73 73 100% 29.87 0.0
21 01:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.9 72.9 100% 29.87 0.0
21 01:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 72.9 72.9 100% 29.88 0.0
21 01:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 73.4 100% 29.87 0.0
21 00:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.2 73.2 82.8 73.2 100% 29.88 0.0 0.47
21 00:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.8 73.8 100% 29.88 0.0
21 00:15 N 6 10.00 Fair CLR 74.3 74.3 100% 29.88 0.0
20 23:55 N 6 10.00 Fair CLR 74.3 74.3 100% 29.88 0.0
20 23:35 N 3 10.00 Fair CLR 73.8 73.8 100% 29.89 0.0
20 23:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 73.4 100% 29.9 0.0
20 22:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 73.6 73.6 100% 29.89 0.0
20 22:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 74.1 74.1 100% 29.89 0.0
20 22:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 74.3 74.3 100% 29.9 0.0
20 21:55 E 3 10.00 Fair CLR 73.8 73.8 100% 29.9 0.0 0.01 0.47
20 21:35 N 5 10.00 Light Rain CLR 73.8 73.8 100% 29.91 0.0 0.01
20 21:15 N 5 10.00 Light Drizzle SCT004 SCT008 SCT014 73.6 73.6 100% 29.92 0.0 0.01
20 20:55 N 7 10.00 Thunderstorm Light Rain in Vicinity SCT001 BKN006 OVC010 73.4 73.4 100% 29.91 0.0 0.46
20 20:35 NW 8 2.00 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain in Vicinity BKN006 OVC010 73.8 73.8 100% 29.92 0.0 0.43
20 20:15 N 15 G 26 7.00 Thunderstorm Rain in Vicinity SCT016 BKN027 BKN038 77.9 72.7 84% 80 29.92 0.0
20 19:55 W 13 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT022 SCT048 SCT050 81.1 75.7 84% 88 29.9 0.0
20 19:35 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm CLR 81.3 75.2 82% 88 29.87 0.0
20 19:15 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 81.7 76.3 84% 89 29.86 0.0
20 18:55 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 82.8 75.2 91 82.4 78% 90 29.87 0.0
20 18:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 84.4 75.9 76% 93 29.87 0.0
20 18:15 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT040 SCT050 86.4 75.9 71% 96 29.86 0.0
20 17:55 E 5 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN040 BKN046 88.9 74.3 62% 98 29.85 0.0
20 17:35 SW 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT041 SCT046 90.1 73 57% 98 29.84 0.0
20 17:15 Calm 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 90.5 72.3 55% 98 29.85 0.0
20 16:55 E 3 10.00 Fair CLR 90.5 72.3 55% 98 29.84 0.0
20 16:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 89.2 71.8 56% 96 29.84 0.0
20 16:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 90 70.9 54% 96 29.85 0.0
20 15:55 E 3 10.00 Fair CLR 90.1 70.7 53% 96 29.85 0.0
20 15:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 89.8 70 52% 95 29.86 0.0
20 15:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 86.2 73.6 66% 94 29.87 0.0
20 14:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 82.8 70 65% 87 29.88 0.0
20 14:35 NW 5 10.00 Fair CLR 82.8 71.4 69% 88 29.89 0.0
20 14:15 NW 14 G 18 10.00 Thunderstorm CLR 86 74.3 68% 94 29.9 0.0
20 13:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 90 72.9 57% 98 29.9 0.0
20 13:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT035 89.1 73.4 60% 97 29.91 0.0
20 13:15 NE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 89.8 73.2 58% 98 29.92 0.0
20 12:55 N 7 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT032 88.9 73.2 88.9 73.9 60% 97 29.93 0.0
20 12:35 N 6 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT032 87.1 73.8 65% 95 29.94 0.0
20 12:15 N 3 10.00 Fair CLR 86.9 73.9 65% 95 29.95 0.0
20 11:55 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT025 86.5 72.9 64% 94 29.95 0.0
20 11:35 N 6 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT025 86.4 73.8 66% 94 29.95 0.0
20 11:15 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT020 SCT075 85.6 74.5 69% 94 29.96 0.0
20 10:55 NW 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT018 SCT075 84.6 75.2 74% 93 29.97 0.0
20 10:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT016 83.7 75 75% 91 29.97 0.0
20 10:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 82.2 76.1 82% 90 29.98 0.0
20 09:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 81.3 76.1 84% 88 29.98 0.0
20 09:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 79.5 76.5 90% 84 29.98 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºF) Pressure Precipitation (in)