National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Prairie Du Chien Municipal Airport
Imperial (Metric)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºF) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) Pressure Precipitation (in)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
01 19:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT050 41.9 36 80% 30.15 0.0
01 19:15 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT050 43.2 36 76% 30.16 0.0
01 18:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC050 43.9 36.3 47.5 43.9 75% 30.15 0.0
01 18:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC050 45 36.7 73% 30.15 0.0
01 18:15 N 7 10.00 Overcast OVC050 45.1 36.7 72% 42 30.15 0.0
01 17:55 N 6 10.00 Overcast OVC050 45.5 36.7 71% 43 30.15 0.0
01 17:35 N 9 10.00 Overcast OVC048 45.9 36.9 71% 42 30.15 0.0
01 17:15 N 7 10.00 Overcast OVC044 46.4 36.5 69% 43 30.15 0.0
01 16:55 N 5 10.00 Overcast OVC044 46.4 35.4 66% 45 30.14 0.0
01 16:35 N 5 10.00 Overcast OVC044 46.4 35.8 67% 45 30.13 0.0
01 16:15 N 7 10.00 Overcast SCT029 SCT037 OVC044 46.4 35.6 66% 43 30.12 0.0
01 15:55 N 6 10.00 Overcast BKN031 OVC044 46.6 35.4 65% 44 30.12 0.0
01 15:35 NW 5 10.00 Overcast OVC031 46.4 35.4 66% 45 30.11 0.0
01 15:15 NW 3 10.00 Overcast BKN031 OVC040 46.2 35.8 67% 30.1 0.0
01 14:55 NW 6 10.00 Overcast SCT023 BKN040 OVC060 46.6 36.5 68% 44 30.1 0.0
01 14:35 N 6 10.00 Overcast SCT023 BKN029 OVC034 46 36.5 69% 44 30.1 0.0
01 14:15 N 6 10.00 Overcast BKN026 OVC030 45.7 35.6 68% 43 30.09 0.0
01 13:55 NW 6 10.00 Overcast SCT024 OVC030 45.5 36.5 71% 43 30.09 0.0
01 13:35 N 6 10.00 Overcast SCT024 OVC032 45.5 37 72% 43 30.09 0.0
01 13:15 N 9 G 16 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT022 BKN028 BKN034 46.8 37.2 70% 43 30.09 0.0
01 12:55 NW 8 10.00 Overcast SCT020 OVC029 44.8 37.6 45.7 37.6 76% 41 30.1 0.0
01 12:35 NW 10 10.00 Overcast SCT020 BKN026 OVC046 45.5 37.8 74% 41 30.1 0.0
01 12:15 NW 7 10.00 Overcast BKN020 OVC046 45.1 38.1 77% 42 30.1 0.0
01 11:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast SCT020 OVC046 44.2 37.2 76% 30.1 0.0
01 11:35 NW 7 10.00 Overcast SCT022 SCT034 OVC046 43.9 37.4 78% 40 30.1 0.0
01 11:15 NW 8 10.00 Overcast SCT019 BKN031 OVC048 44.2 37 76% 40 30.1 0.0
01 10:55 N 5 10.00 Overcast SCT014 BKN031 OVC048 43.3 37.4 80% 41 30.09 0.0
01 10:35 N 5 10.00 Overcast BKN014 BKN020 OVC031 42.3 38.3 86% 40 30.09 0.0
01 10:15 NW 7 10.00 Overcast BKN012 OVC018 41.5 37.6 86% 38 30.09 0.0
01 09:55 NW 6 10.00 Overcast BKN012 OVC026 41.4 37.8 87% 38 30.08 0.0
01 09:35 NW 3 10.00 Overcast SCT012 BKN025 OVC035 41 37.8 88% 30.07 0.0
01 09:15 NW 5 10.00 Overcast SCT010 OVC025 40.3 37.4 90% 38 30.06 0.0
01 08:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast SCT010 OVC024 39.7 37.4 91% 30.06 0.0
01 08:35 NW 5 10.00 Overcast SCT012 BKN022 OVC027 39.2 37.2 93% 36 30.05 0.0
01 08:15 NW 3 10.00 Overcast SCT022 OVC100 38.5 36.5 93% 30.04 0.0
01 07:55 NW 3 10.00 Overcast OVC100 37.9 36 93% 30.04 0.0
01 07:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast SCT050 OVC100 38.3 36.3 93% 30.02 0.0
01 07:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast SCT050 OVC100 38.1 36.1 93% 30.02 0.0
01 06:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast BKN047 OVC100 37.4 35.2 92% 30.01 0.0
01 06:15 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN047 BKN110 36.9 35.1 93% 30 0.0
01 05:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC110 37.6 35.6 93% 29.99 0.0
01 05:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC110 38.1 35.6 91% 29.99 0.0
01 05:15 NW 3 10.00 Overcast SCT032 OVC110 38.3 35.8 91% 29.98 0.0
01 04:55 NW 5 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT030 SCT060 BKN110 38.3 35.8 91% 35 29.98 0.0
01 04:35 NW 3 10.00 Overcast BKN030 BKN060 OVC110 37.6 35.1 91% 29.97 0.0
01 04:15 NW 3 10.00 Overcast OVC028 37 34.5 91% 29.97 0.0
01 03:55 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT026 BKN040 BKN085 36.9 34.2 90% 29.97 0.0
01 03:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC038 36.5 34 91% 29.97 0.0
01 03:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC038 37.4 35.1 91% 29.96 0.0
01 02:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast SCT028 BKN036 OVC090 36.1 34.2 93% 29.96 0.0
01 02:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast BKN032 OVC090 35.6 33.3 91% 29.96 0.0
01 02:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast SCT020 BKN032 OVC095 36.7 33.8 89% 29.96 0.0
01 01:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast BKN018 BKN030 OVC100 37 34 89% 29.96 0.0
01 01:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC028 39 34.9 85% 29.96 0.0
01 01:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC028 37.4 34.3 89% 29.96 0.0
01 00:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC028 36.9 33.8 44.2 36.9 89% 29.96 0.0
01 00:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast BKN028 OVC036 37.8 34 86% 29.95 0.0
01 00:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast SCT028 BKN036 OVC080 37.8 33.8 86% 29.95 0.0
31 23:55 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT049 BKN060 BKN090 39.6 34.5 82% 29.95 0.0
31 23:35 W 3 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT049 SCT060 BKN090 41 34.7 78% 29.95 0.0
31 23:15 W 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT026 SCT039 SCT090 41 34.7 78% 29.95 0.0
31 22:55 W 5 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT026 BKN037 41.5 34.7 77% 39 29.95 0.0
31 22:35 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT028 BKN037 BKN065 41.7 34.7 76% 29.95 0.0
31 22:15 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT028 SCT035 SCT065 41.9 34 74% 29.95 0.0
31 21:55 W 3 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT039 SCT055 BKN090 41.9 34 74% 29.94 0.0
31 21:35 W 5 10.00 Overcast SCT030 BKN044 OVC050 42.8 34 71% 41 29.94 0.0
31 21:15 W 5 10.00 Overcast SCT032 BKN048 OVC090 42.8 33.8 71% 41 29.94 0.0
31 20:55 W 3 10.00 Overcast BKN050 OVC085 42.8 33.8 71% 29.94 0.0
31 20:35 NW 6 10.00 Overcast SCT044 OVC050 43.2 33.6 69% 40 29.94 0.0
31 20:15 NW 6 10.00 Overcast BKN046 OVC055 43.7 33.4 67% 41 29.94 0.0
31 19:55 W 9 10.00 Overcast OVC048 44.1 33.1 65% 40 29.93 0.0
31 19:35 W 8 10.00 Overcast SCT038 BKN050 OVC070 44.1 33.3 66% 40 29.92 0.0
31 19:15 W 6 10.00 Overcast SCT038 BKN046 OVC070 44.2 32.9 65% 41 29.92 0.0
31 18:35 W 5 10.00 Overcast SCT060 OVC075 44.6 32.4 62% 43 29.91 0.0
31 18:15 W 7 10.00 Overcast OVC075 44.6 32.7 63% 41 29.91 0.0
31 17:55 W 7 10.00 Overcast OVC075 45 33.1 63% 42 29.91 0.0
31 17:35 W 9 10.00 Overcast SCT050 OVC075 45.5 32.9 62% 41 29.9 0.0
31 17:15 W 9 10.00 Overcast BKN050 OVC070 45.5 32.5 61% 41 29.9 0.0
31 16:55 W 13 10.00 Overcast OVC050 45.9 32.9 61% 41 29.89 0.0
31 16:35 W 13 10.00 Overcast BKN048 OVC050 46.4 32.2 58% 41 29.89 0.0
31 16:15 W 10 10.00 Overcast SCT046 OVC065 47.5 32 55% 43 29.89 0.0
31 15:55 W 13 G 16 10.00 Overcast SCT055 OVC065 48.2 32 54% 43 29.88 0.0
31 15:35 W 10 10.00 Overcast SCT044 OVC065 48.6 31.6 52% 45 29.87 0.0
31 15:15 W 12 10.00 Overcast SCT046 OVC065 49.3 32.2 52% 45 29.87 0.0
31 14:55 W 9 G 14 10.00 Overcast SCT046 OVC060 49.3 32 52% 46 29.87 0.0
31 14:35 W 12 10.00 Overcast SCT048 OVC060 50 32 50% 46 29.86 0.0
31 14:15 W 8 10.00 Overcast SCT048 OVC060 49.6 33.1 53% 47 29.86 0.0
31 13:55 W 12 G 20 10.00 Overcast SCT042 BKN050 OVC060 50 32.9 52% 46 29.86 0.0
31 13:35 W 13 G 18 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT044 BKN050 BKN060 50.9 33.3 51% 29.86 0.0
31 13:15 W 10 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT042 BKN050 51.4 35.8 55% 29.86 0.0
31 12:55 W 6 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT040 SCT050 49.1 37.4 49.1 34.2 64% 47 29.87 0.0
31 12:35 N 3 10.00 Fair CLR 48.6 37.9 67% 29.88 0.0
31 12:15 N 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT049 SCT060 47.5 38.7 72% 29.89 0.0
31 11:55 N 3 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN047 BKN060 47.3 39.6 75% 29.89 0.0
31 11:35 NW 3 10.00 Overcast SCT041 OVC047 46 39 77% 29.9 0.0
31 11:15 W 3 10.00 Overcast SCT035 SCT041 OVC060 45.5 38.5 77% 29.89 0.0
31 10:55 NW 3 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT034 BKN050 BKN060 44.8 38.8 80% 29.9 0.0
31 10:35 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT050 SCT070 BKN090 43.3 39.2 85% 29.9 0.0
31 10:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast SCT050 OVC090 41.2 38.3 90% 29.9 0.0
31 09:55 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT046 SCT060 BKN090 40.3 38.7 94% 29.9 0.0
31 09:35 W 3 7.00 Overcast SCT048 SCT070 OVC090 38.5 37.4 96% 29.9 0.0
31 09:15 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist SCT060 OVC080 37.6 36.7 97% 29.89 0.0
31 08:55 Calm 7.00 Overcast SCT050 OVC080 37.4 36.5 97% 29.89 0.0
31 08:35 Calm 7.00 Overcast SCT050 SCT070 OVC085 36.7 35.8 97% 29.89 0.0
31 08:15 Calm 7.00 Overcast SCT060 OVC085 35.8 35.1 97% 29.89 0.0
31 07:55 Calm 7.00 Overcast SCT060 OVC085 35.2 34.5 97% 29.89 0.0
31 07:35 Calm 7.00 Overcast OVC085 35.4 34.5 97% 29.89 0.0
31 07:15 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist SCT070 OVC085 34.7 33.8 97% 29.88 0.0
31 06:55 Calm 7.00 Overcast OVC085 34.5 33.6 40.1 33.1 97% 29.89 0.0
31 06:35 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist OVC085 34.7 34 97% 29.89 0.0
31 06:15 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist BKN085 33.8 32.9 97% 29.89 0.0
31 05:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 33.8 32.9 97% 29.9 0.0
31 05:35 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist CLR 34.3 33.4 97% 29.89 0.0
31 05:15 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist SCT036 34.2 33.3 97% 29.89 0.0
31 04:55 Calm 7.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN036 33.3 32 95% 29.9 0.0
31 04:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT038 33.8 32.9 97% 29.9 0.0
31 04:15 Calm 7.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN038 34.2 33.1 96% 29.89 0.0
31 03:55 Calm 7.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN038 35.2 34.7 98% 29.9 0.0
31 03:35 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist SCT038 34.3 33.1 95% 29.9 0.0
31 03:15 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 34.5 33.3 95% 29.9 0.0
31 02:55 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 34.9 33.8 96% 29.9 0.0
31 02:35 Calm 7.00 Partly Cloudy SCT039 34.9 33.8 96% 29.9 0.0
31 02:15 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 35.8 34.3 95% 29.9 0.0
31 01:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 36.9 35.4 95% 29.9 0.0
31 01:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 37.8 35.8 93% 29.89 0.0
31 01:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 38.3 35.6 90% 29.89 0.0
31 00:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 39.9 37 47.3 39.6 89% 29.9 0.0
31 00:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 39.9 37.4 91% 29.9 0.0
31 00:15 W 3 10.00 Fair CLR 40.3 37 88% 29.9 0.0
30 23:55 W 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT024 SCT030 SCT110 41.4 37.8 87% 29.9 0.0
30 23:30 NW 6 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT024 42.4 38.3 85% 39 29.91 0.0
30 23:15 NW 6 10.00 Fair CLR 42.6 37.9 84% 40 29.91 0.0
30 22:55 NW 6 10.00 Fair CLR 43.5 38.5 82% 41 29.92 0.0
30 22:35 NW 6 10.00 Fair CLR 44.2 38.5 80% 41 29.91 0.0
30 22:15 NW 6 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 44.6 38.7 80% 42 29.91 0.0
30 21:55 W 7 10.00 Overcast OVC100 44.8 38.8 80% 41 29.91 0.0
30 21:35 W 6 10.00 Overcast SCT075 OVC100 45.5 39.2 79% 43 29.91 0.0
30 21:15 W 5 10.00 Overcast OVC075 45.7 39.2 78% 44 29.91 0.0
30 20:55 NW 8 10.00 Overcast OVC075 46.2 39.2 77% 43 29.91 0.0
30 20:35 NW 6 10.00 Overcast SCT065 OVC070 46.4 39.6 77% 44 29.9 0.0
30 20:15 NW 6 10.00 Overcast SCT021 BKN065 OVC110 46.6 39.6 77% 44 29.9 0.0
30 19:55 W 7 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT021 SCT100 BKN120 46.4 39.4 77% 43 29.9 0.0
30 19:35 NW 5 10.00 Fair CLR 46.9 39 74% 45 29.9 0.0
30 19:15 NW 6 10.00 Fair CLR 47.3 38.3 71% 45 29.9 0.0
30 18:55 NW 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT120 47.5 38.3 55.4 47.5 71% 46 29.89 0.0
30 18:35 NW 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT120 48.2 37.8 67% 45 29.89 0.0
30 18:15 NW 13 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 48.7 37.6 66% 44 29.89 0.0
30 17:55 NW 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT065 SCT120 49.5 39.2 68% 46 29.89 0.0
30 17:35 W 12 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN065 50.9 37 59% 29.89 0.0
30 17:15 NW 7 10.00 Overcast SCT049 OVC055 51.6 36 55% 29.89 0.0
30 16:55 NW 6 10.00 Overcast BKN049 BKN055 OVC065 52 35.8 54% 29.89 0.0
30 16:35 NW 9 10.00 Overcast SCT049 OVC065 52.2 35.4 53% 29.89 0.0
30 16:15 NW 7 10.00 Overcast SCT049 OVC065 52.7 35.4 52% 29.89 0.0
30 15:55 N 5 10.00 Overcast SCT049 OVC055 53.1 35.6 52% 29.89 0.0
30 15:35 NW 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT055 52.9 35.6 52% 29.89 0.0
30 15:15 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT055 52.7 36.3 54% 29.89 0.0
30 14:55 N 7 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT049 53.1 36.5 54% 29.9 0.0
30 14:35 N 6 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN049 55 36.5 50% 29.9 0.0
30 14:15 N 6 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN047 54.3 36.9 52% 29.91 0.0
30 13:55 N 8 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN045 53.6 37.6 55% 29.92 0.0
30 13:35 N 9 10.00 Fair CLR 54.5 38.3 55% 29.93 0.0
30 13:15 NW 8 10.00 Fair CLR 52.7 38.8 59% 29.94 0.0
30 12:55 N 6 10.00 Fair CLR 52.5 39.4 52.7 34.7 61% 29.95 0.0
30 12:35 NW 3 10.00 Fair CLR 51.6 41 67% 29.97 0.0
30 12:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 46.8 46.4 99% 29.97 0.0
30 11:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 44.1 44.1 100% 29.99 0.0
30 11:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 41.2 41.2 100% 29.99 0.0
30 11:15 Calm 7.00 Partly Cloudy SCT001 40.1 40.1 100% 29.99 0.0
30 10:55 Calm 0.75 Fog/Mist OVC001 39.2 39.2 100% 30 0.0
30 10:35 Calm 0.25 Fog OVC001 37.8 37.8 100% 30 0.0
30 10:15 Calm 0.25 Fog OVC001 37.2 37.2 100% 30.01 0.0
30 09:55 Calm 0.50 Fog OVC001 36.9 36.9 100% 30.01 0.0
30 09:35 Calm 0.50 Fog OVC001 36.5 36.5 100% 30.02 0.0
30 09:15 Calm 0.25 Fog OVC001 36 36 100% 30.02 0.0
30 08:55 N 3 0.25 Fog OVC001 35.6 35.6 100% 30.02 0.0
30 08:35 NW 3 0.15 Fog OVC001 35.1 35.1 100% 30.02 0.0
30 08:15 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 35.1 35.1 100% 30.02 0.0
30 07:55 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 34.7 34.7 100% 30.01 0.0
30 07:35 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 35.1 35.1 100% 30.02 0.0
30 07:15 NW 3 0.15 Fog OVC001 34.9 34.9 100% 30.02 0.0
30 06:55 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 34.7 34.7 35.2 31.6 100% 30.03 0.0
30 06:35 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 34.9 34.7 99% 30.02 0.0
30 06:15 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 34.9 34.7 99% 30.03 0.0
30 05:55 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 34.9 34.7 99% 30.04 0.0
30 05:35 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 34.9 34.7 99% 30.04 0.0
30 05:15 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 33.6 33.3 99% 30.04 0.0
30 04:55 Calm 0.15 Fog OVC001 33.6 33.1 98% 30.05 0.0
30 04:35 Calm 0.25 Fog OVC001 33.6 32.9 97% 30.05 0.0
30 04:15 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist BKN001 32.9 32.2 97% 30.05 0.0
30 03:55 NW 3 7.00 Partly Cloudy SCT001 32.2 31.8 99% 30.05 0.0
30 03:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 32.2 31.8 99% 30.05 0.0
30 03:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 32 31.6 99% 30.05 0.0
30 02:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 32.5 32 98% 30.05 0.0
30 02:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 32.9 32 97% 30.06 0.0
30 02:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 33.1 32 96% 30.07 0.0
30 01:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 34 33.1 97% 30.07 0.0
30 01:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 34.3 33.3 96% 30.07 0.0
30 01:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 34.2 33.1 96% 30.08 0.0
30 00:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 34.5 33.3 47.7 34.3 95% 30.08 0.0
30 00:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 35.4 34.3 96% 30.08 0.0
30 00:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 35.1 33.6 95% 30.09 0.0
29 23:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 35.6 33.8 93% 30.09 0.0
29 23:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 36.5 34.7 93% 30.09 0.0
29 23:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 36.1 34 92% 30.09 0.0
29 22:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 37.4 34.9 91% 30.09 0.0
29 22:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 37.6 35.1 91% 30.1 0.0
29 22:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 37.4 34.9 91% 30.09 0.0
29 21:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 39 36.3 90% 30.1 0.0
29 21:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 39.6 36.5 89% 30.1 0.0
29 21:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 42.3 37.8 84% 30.1 0.0
29 20:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 41.2 37.8 88% 30.1 0.0
29 20:35 W 5 10.00 Fair CLR 40.1 35.2 83% 37 30.1 0.0
29 20:15 NE 3 10.00 Fair CLR 41.7 36.9 83% 30.1 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºF) Pressure Precipitation (in)