Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Denver/Boulder, CO
Issued by NWS Denver/Boulder, CO
479
UXUS97 KBOU 171319
SRGBOU
Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Denver/Boulder, Colorado
0719 MDT Monday, June 17, 2024
This forecast is for Monday, June 17, 2024:
If the trigger temperature of 87.2 F/30.7 C is reached...then
Thermal Soaring Index....................... Excellent
Maximum rate of lift........................ 1614 ft/min (8.2 m/s)
Maximum height of thermals.................. 21357 ft MSL (16056 ft AGL)
Forecast maximum temperature................... 94.0 F/34.9 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1330 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 13521 ft MSL (8220 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Tuesday 06/18...... Good
Wave Soaring Index............................. Poor
Wave Soaring Index trend (to 1800 MDT)......... No change
Height of stable layer (12-18K ft MSL)......... None
Weak PVA/NVA (through 1800 MDT)................ Weak PVA
Potential height of wave....................... 19067 ft MSL (13766 ft AGL)
Wave soaring outlook for Tuesday 06/18......... Fair
Remarks... Stratus breaking up later this morning, but delaying thermal
development today.
Sunrise/Sunset.................... 05:31:03 / 20:30:08 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 14 hr 59 min 5 sec (899 min 5 sec)
Altitude of sun at 13:00:36 MDT... 73.64 degrees
Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 06/17/2024 at 0600 MDT
Freezing level.................. 15955 ft MSL (10654 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 17740 ft MSL (12439 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 18567 ft MSL (13266 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... -3.8
K index......................... +4.5
Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -58.1 -72.6 240 41 21 3.2 1.8 M M M M M
45000 -54.5 -66.1 240 52 27 -0.9 -0.5 M M M M M
40000 -55.5 -67.9 230 39 20 5.8 3.2 M M M M M
38000 -51.3 -60.3 235 34 17 6.9 3.8 M M M M M
36000 -47.2 -53.0 245 29 15 6.9 3.8 M M M M M
34000 -42.8 -45.0 245 27 14 7.6 4.2 M M M M M
32000 -38.2 -36.8 240 26 13 7.6 4.2 M M M M M
30000 -33.1 -27.6 235 26 14 7.4 4.1 41.8 107.3 5.6 M M
29000 -30.9 -23.6 235 27 14 7.4 4.1 40.9 105.6 5.0 M M
28000 -28.7 -19.7 230 27 14 7.4 4.0 40.1 104.2 4.4 M M
27000 -26.4 -15.5 230 27 14 7.9 4.3 39.3 102.7 3.8 M M
26000 -24.0 -11.2 225 26 14 7.9 4.3 38.6 101.4 3.3 M M
25000 -21.7 -7.1 220 26 13 7.9 4.3 37.9 100.3 2.8 M M
24000 -19.5 -3.1 220 26 13 7.0 3.9 37.0 98.7 2.1 M M
23000 -17.4 0.7 220 27 14 7.0 3.9 36.0 96.8 1.2 M M
22000 -15.3 4.5 220 27 14 7.1 3.9 35.1 95.2 0.5 M M
21000 -13.0 8.6 220 28 14 8.1 4.5 34.4 93.9 -0.2 1581 8.0
20000 -10.6 12.9 220 29 15 8.2 4.5 33.8 92.8 -0.7 1478 7.5
19500 -9.4 15.1 225 29 15 8.2 4.5 33.5 92.3 -0.9 1427 7.2
19000 -8.2 17.2 225 30 15 8.4 4.6 33.3 91.9 -1.1 1376 7.0
18500 -6.9 19.6 225 30 16 8.9 4.9 33.1 91.6 -1.3 1322 6.7
18000 -5.6 21.9 225 31 16 8.9 4.9 33.0 91.4 -1.5 1268 6.4
17500 -4.2 24.4 225 31 16 8.6 4.7 32.8 91.1 -1.6 1213 6.2
17000 -3.0 26.6 225 31 16 8.6 4.7 32.6 90.7 -1.8 1160 5.9
16500 -1.7 28.9 225 30 16 8.6 4.7 32.4 90.4 -2.0 1107 5.6
16000 -0.4 31.3 230 30 15 8.7 4.8 32.2 90.0 -2.2 1054 5.4
15500 1.5 34.7 230 29 15 8.8 4.8 32.0 89.6 -2.5 975 5.0
15000 2.8 37.0 230 27 14 8.9 4.9 31.8 89.3 -2.7 921 4.7
14500 4.1 39.4 230 25 13 8.9 4.9 31.7 89.0 -2.8 867 4.4
14000 5.5 41.9 235 24 12 9.4 5.2 31.6 88.9 -2.9 811 4.1
13500 6.9 44.4 235 24 12 9.4 5.1 31.5 88.8 -3.0 754 3.8
13000 8.3 46.9 240 23 12 9.7 5.3 31.5 88.7 -3.1 697 3.5
12500 9.7 49.5 240 22 11 9.7 5.3 31.5 88.7 -3.1 640 3.2
12000 11.2 52.2 240 21 11 9.8 5.4 31.5 88.7 -3.1 581 3.0
11500 12.6 54.7 240 22 11 9.8 5.4 31.5 88.7 -3.2 523 2.7
11000 14.1 57.4 245 22 11 9.2 5.0 31.5 88.7 -3.2 464 2.4
10500 15.4 59.7 240 21 11 9.1 5.0 31.3 88.4 -3.3 410 2.1
10250 16.1 61.0 240 21 11 10.1 5.5 31.3 88.4 -3.4 381 1.9
10000 16.9 62.4 245 21 11 9.4 5.2 31.4 88.4 -3.3 351 1.8
9750 17.5 63.5 240 20 10 8.3 4.6 31.3 88.3 -3.4 325 1.6
9500 18.1 64.6 240 20 10 8.6 4.7 31.2 88.1 -3.5 298 1.5
9250 18.8 65.8 240 20 10 8.4 4.6 31.1 87.9 -3.6 272 1.4
9000 19.3 66.7 240 20 10 6.1 3.3 30.9 87.6 -3.8 248 1.3
8750 19.7 67.5 240 19 10 4.6 2.5 30.5 86.9 -4.2 230 1.2
8500 20.0 68.0 240 18 9 5.0 2.7 30.1 86.2 -4.6 213 1.1
8250 20.3 68.5 240 16 8 5.0 2.8 29.8 85.6 -5.0 195 1.0
8000 20.6 69.1 235 15 8 1.3 0.7 29.3 84.8 -5.6 182 0.9
7750 20.4 68.7 235 13 7 -2.0 -1.1 28.5 83.3 -6.5 180 0.9
7500 20.2 68.4 230 12 6 -0.8 -0.5 27.6 81.7 -7.5 179 0.9
7250 19.9 67.8 225 10 5 -2.3 -1.2 26.8 80.2 -8.4 178 0.9
7000 19.5 67.1 215 9 5 -4.8 -2.6 25.8 78.4 -9.7 185 0.9
6750 18.8 65.8 200 7 4 -4.4 -2.4 24.6 76.4 -11.1 196 1.0
6500 18.3 64.9 185 6 3 -3.4 -1.9 23.6 74.5 -12.3 204 1.0
6250 17.8 64.0 155 5 3 -2.7 -1.5 22.6 72.8 -13.6 212 1.1
6000 17.6 63.7 140 5 3 -1.9 -1.0 21.7 71.1 -14.6 211 1.1
5750 17.4 63.3 125 6 3 -3.2 -1.8 20.8 69.5 -15.5 210 1.1
5500 17.0 62.6 125 6 3 -6.2 -3.4 19.8 67.6 -16.7 215 1.1
* * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *
06/17/2024 at 0900 MDT | 06/17/2024 at 1200 MDT
|
CAPE... +523.8 LI... -0.9 | CAPE... +285.9 LI... +0.5
CINH... -237.9 K Index... +8.7 | CINH... -110.2 K Index... -4.7
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -59.8 -75.6 250 41 21 2.6 1.4 | -60.8 -77.4 240 44 23 2.5 1.4
45000 -56.3 -69.3 260 50 26 1.1 0.6 | -57.4 -71.3 250 54 28 1.5 0.8
40000 -54.4 -65.9 265 41 21 6.5 3.6 | -54.6 -66.3 255 50 26 7.9 4.4
38000 -50.4 -58.7 255 38 19 6.7 3.7 | -50.1 -58.2 250 48 25 7.4 4.1
36000 -46.4 -51.5 250 35 18 6.7 3.7 | -45.7 -50.3 245 47 24 7.4 4.1
34000 -42.1 -43.8 245 34 18 7.5 4.1 | -41.3 -42.3 245 45 23 7.2 4.0
32000 -37.6 -35.7 245 34 17 7.5 4.1 | -37.0 -34.6 245 44 22 7.2 4.0
30000 -32.7 -26.9 245 32 16 7.1 3.9 | -32.6 -26.7 240 41 21 7.3 4.0
29000 -30.6 -23.1 240 31 16 7.1 3.9 | -29.9 -21.8 240 38 20 7.3 4.0
28000 -28.5 -19.3 240 30 15 7.1 3.9 | -27.7 -17.9 240 37 19 7.3 4.0
27000 -26.2 -15.2 235 29 15 7.7 4.2 | -25.6 -14.1 235 37 19 7.1 3.9
26000 -23.9 -11.0 235 28 14 7.7 4.2 | -23.5 -10.3 230 37 19 7.1 3.9
25000 -21.6 -6.9 230 26 14 7.7 4.2 | -21.4 -6.5 225 37 19 7.1 3.9
24000 -19.3 -2.7 230 26 14 7.4 4.1 | -19.0 -2.2 225 37 19 8.7 4.8
23000 -17.1 1.2 230 27 14 7.4 4.1 | -16.4 2.5 220 36 19 8.7 4.8
22000 -14.9 5.2 225 28 14 7.3 4.0 | -13.8 7.2 220 35 18 8.8 4.8
21000 -12.5 9.5 225 30 16 8.4 4.6 | -11.4 11.5 220 34 18 7.7 4.2
20000 -10.0 14.0 220 34 17 8.4 4.6 | -9.1 15.6 220 33 17 7.7 4.2
19500 -8.7 16.3 220 35 18 8.4 4.6 | -8.0 17.6 220 33 17 7.8 4.3
19000 -7.5 18.5 220 37 19 8.0 4.4 | -6.8 19.8 220 32 17 8.0 4.4
18500 -6.4 20.5 220 39 20 7.0 3.9 | -5.6 21.9 220 32 16 8.5 4.7
18000 -5.4 22.3 220 41 21 7.1 3.9 | -4.3 24.3 220 31 16 8.5 4.7
17500 -4.3 24.3 220 42 22 7.9 4.3 | -3.0 26.6 220 31 16 8.4 4.6
17000 -3.2 26.2 215 42 22 8.1 4.5 | -1.7 28.9 225 31 16 8.4 4.6
16500 -2.0 28.4 215 42 22 8.5 4.7 | -0.4 31.3 225 31 16 8.3 4.6
16000 -0.7 30.7 215 41 21 9.2 5.0 | 0.8 33.4 225 31 16 7.8 4.3
15500 0.6 33.1 215 40 21 9.2 5.1 | 2.0 35.6 220 32 16 7.9 4.4
15000 2.6 36.7 215 39 20 8.7 4.8 | 3.1 37.6 220 32 17 7.0 3.9
14500 3.9 39.0 220 38 20 8.6 4.7 | 4.2 39.6 220 33 17 7.0 3.9
14000 5.2 41.4 220 36 19 8.3 4.5 | 5.8 42.4 220 34 17 7.0 3.9
13500 6.5 43.7 220 33 17 8.2 4.5 | 6.8 44.2 215 34 17 7.1 3.9
13000 7.8 46.0 220 31 16 9.5 5.2 | 7.8 46.0 215 34 17 7.0 3.9
12500 9.2 48.6 220 28 15 9.5 5.2 | 8.8 47.8 210 33 17 7.1 3.9
12000 10.6 51.1 215 26 13 8.6 4.7 | 9.9 49.8 210 31 16 8.5 4.7
11500 11.8 53.2 215 23 12 8.4 4.6 | 11.1 52.0 205 29 15 8.9 4.9
11000 13.1 55.6 215 20 10 8.8 4.8 | 12.4 54.3 205 27 14 8.4 4.6
10500 14.4 57.9 215 19 10 9.2 5.0 | 13.6 56.5 205 25 13 8.7 4.8
10250 15.2 59.4 215 18 9 10.7 5.9 | 14.3 57.7 205 24 13 10.6 5.8
10000 16.0 60.8 215 18 9 10.3 5.7 | 15.1 59.2 200 24 12 10.2 5.6
9750 16.7 62.1 220 17 9 9.2 5.1 | 15.8 60.4 200 22 11 9.1 5.0
9500 17.4 63.3 220 16 8 9.5 5.2 | 16.4 61.5 200 21 11 9.8 5.4
9250 18.1 64.6 220 16 8 9.4 5.2 | 17.1 62.8 200 19 10 8.1 4.4
9000 18.7 65.7 225 15 8 7.2 3.9 | 17.6 63.7 195 17 9 7.8 4.3
8750 19.2 66.6 225 14 7 5.5 3.0 | 18.2 64.8 195 14 7 9.4 5.1
8500 19.6 67.3 225 13 7 6.2 3.4 | 18.8 65.8 190 12 6 8.8 4.8
8250 20.0 68.0 230 12 6 5.2 2.8 | 19.5 67.1 185 10 5 10.0 5.5
8000 20.2 68.4 230 10 5 0.1 0.1 | 20.1 68.2 180 8 4 10.0 5.5
7750 20.0 68.0 230 8 4 -2.8 -1.5 | 20.8 69.4 180 7 4 9.0 4.9
7500 19.8 67.6 230 7 4 -1.9 -1.1 | 21.4 70.5 175 6 3 9.3 5.1
7250 19.5 67.1 235 6 3 -2.1 -1.1 | 22.1 71.8 175 6 3 9.1 5.0
7000 19.2 66.6 230 4 2 -1.6 -0.9 | 22.7 72.9 175 5 3 9.4 5.1
6750 18.9 66.0 220 2 1 -0.3 -0.1 | 23.5 74.3 175 5 3 10.3 5.7
6500 18.6 65.5 000 0 0 -1.4 -0.8 | 24.3 75.7 170 5 2 10.8 5.9
6250 18.4 65.1 070 2 1 5.7 3.1 | 25.1 77.2 170 5 2 10.3 5.7
6000 19.2 66.6 065 2 1 12.7 6.9 | 25.8 78.4 170 4 2 10.5 5.8
5750 20.1 68.2 055 2 1 10.3 5.7 | 26.6 79.9 170 4 2 9.2 5.0
5500 21.0 69.8 050 2 1 17.1 9.4 | 27.4 81.3 170 4 2 16.1 8.8
06/17/2024 at 1500 MDT | 06/17/2024 at 1800 MDT
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +1.7 | CAPE... +1.2 LI... -0.1
CINH... 0.0 K Index... +11.1 | CINH... -4.2 K Index... +14.8
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -62.0 -79.6 240 48 25 2.0 1.1 | -61.8 -79.2 240 41 21 1.8 1.0
45000 -58.8 -73.8 250 54 28 2.7 1.5 | -58.6 -73.5 250 53 27 3.1 1.7
40000 -54.2 -65.6 255 48 25 8.0 4.4 | -53.5 -64.3 245 54 28 7.2 4.0
38000 -49.7 -57.5 250 50 26 7.4 4.1 | -49.4 -56.9 245 55 28 6.8 3.7
36000 -45.3 -49.5 250 51 27 7.4 4.1 | -45.4 -49.7 245 56 29 6.8 3.7
34000 -40.9 -41.6 250 51 26 7.2 4.0 | -40.7 -41.3 245 54 28 8.3 4.6
32000 -36.6 -33.9 245 49 25 7.2 4.0 | -35.7 -32.3 245 52 27 8.4 4.6
30000 -32.0 -25.6 245 46 24 7.8 4.3 | -31.1 -24.0 240 49 25 7.2 3.9
29000 -29.7 -21.5 240 45 23 7.8 4.3 | -28.4 -19.1 240 47 24 7.2 4.0
28000 -26.8 -16.2 240 43 22 7.8 4.3 | -26.3 -15.3 235 45 23 7.2 4.0
27000 -24.5 -12.1 235 41 21 7.7 4.2 | -24.0 -11.2 235 43 22 7.7 4.2
26000 -22.2 -8.0 235 40 21 7.7 4.2 | -21.7 -7.1 235 41 21 7.8 4.3
25000 -19.9 -3.8 230 39 20 7.7 4.2 | -19.4 -2.9 235 40 20 7.8 4.3
24000 -17.8 -0.0 230 38 20 6.5 3.6 | -17.5 0.5 235 38 19 5.7 3.1
23000 -15.8 3.6 230 38 19 6.5 3.6 | -15.8 3.6 240 36 18 5.6 3.1
22000 -13.9 7.0 225 37 19 6.5 3.6 | -14.1 6.6 245 34 17 5.6 3.1
21000 -11.7 10.9 225 36 19 8.4 4.6 | -12.1 10.2 245 32 16 7.8 4.3
20000 -9.1 15.6 230 34 18 8.5 4.6 | -9.8 14.4 240 30 16 7.9 4.3
19500 -7.9 17.8 230 33 17 8.4 4.6 | -8.7 16.3 240 30 15 8.0 4.4
19000 -6.6 20.1 230 33 17 8.2 4.5 | -7.5 18.5 235 29 15 8.2 4.5
18500 -5.5 22.1 230 31 16 7.3 4.0 | -6.3 20.7 235 29 15 9.1 5.0
18000 -4.5 23.9 235 30 15 7.3 4.0 | -4.9 23.2 230 28 15 9.1 5.0
17500 -3.4 25.9 235 29 15 8.0 4.4 | -3.6 25.5 225 28 15 9.4 5.2
17000 -2.2 28.0 235 27 14 8.2 4.5 | -2.1 28.2 225 28 15 9.5 5.2
16500 -1.0 30.2 230 26 13 8.3 4.5 | -0.7 30.7 225 28 14 9.5 5.2
16000 0.3 32.5 230 25 13 8.6 4.7 | 0.7 33.3 225 28 14 9.2 5.1
15500 1.6 34.9 225 25 13 8.5 4.7 | 2.7 36.9 220 28 14 9.3 5.1
15000 2.9 37.2 220 24 13 9.4 5.1 | 4.2 39.6 220 28 14 9.6 5.2
14500 5.0 41.0 215 24 12 9.4 5.2 | 5.6 42.1 220 28 14 9.6 5.2
14000 6.3 43.3 215 23 12 8.8 4.8 | 7.0 44.6 215 28 14 9.5 5.2
13500 7.7 45.9 210 22 11 8.9 4.9 | 8.4 47.1 215 27 14 9.5 5.2
13000 9.0 48.2 210 21 11 9.0 4.9 | 9.9 49.8 215 27 14 9.7 5.3
12500 10.3 50.5 205 19 10 9.0 4.9 | 11.3 52.3 215 26 14 9.7 5.3
12000 11.7 53.1 200 18 9 9.5 5.2 | 12.8 55.0 215 26 13 9.5 5.2
11500 13.1 55.6 200 18 9 9.7 5.3 | 14.2 57.6 215 25 13 9.4 5.2
11000 14.6 58.3 200 17 9 10.0 5.5 | 15.6 60.1 210 24 13 10.0 5.5
10500 16.1 61.0 200 17 9 10.0 5.5 | 17.2 63.0 210 24 12 10.2 5.6
10250 16.8 62.2 200 17 9 9.3 5.1 | 17.9 64.2 210 23 12 8.9 4.9
10000 17.5 63.5 200 17 9 10.1 5.6 | 18.6 65.5 210 23 12 10.1 5.6
9750 18.3 64.9 200 17 9 10.7 5.9 | 19.4 66.9 210 23 12 11.2 6.1
9500 19.1 66.4 200 16 8 11.3 6.2 | 20.2 68.4 210 23 12 12.2 6.7
9250 19.9 67.8 200 16 8 8.6 4.7 | 21.1 70.0 210 23 12 7.9 4.4
9000 20.5 68.9 200 16 8 8.7 4.8 | 21.5 70.7 210 22 12 6.9 3.8
8750 21.3 70.3 200 16 8 11.3 6.2 | 22.3 72.1 210 22 11 11.3 6.2
8500 22.1 71.8 200 16 8 11.5 6.3 | 23.1 73.6 210 22 11 12.0 6.6
8250 22.9 73.2 200 16 8 8.4 4.6 | 24.0 75.2 210 22 11 9.9 5.4
8000 23.5 74.3 200 16 8 7.9 4.3 | 24.6 76.3 210 22 11 7.0 3.8
7750 24.2 75.6 200 15 8 10.9 6.0 | 25.1 77.2 210 21 11 8.8 4.8
7500 25.0 77.0 200 15 8 10.1 5.5 | 25.9 78.6 210 21 11 10.1 5.5
7250 25.7 78.3 200 15 8 10.2 5.6 | 26.6 79.9 210 21 11 9.6 5.3
7000 26.5 79.7 200 15 8 9.7 5.3 | 27.3 81.1 210 21 11 10.1 5.6
6750 27.2 81.0 200 15 8 10.0 5.5 | 28.1 82.6 210 20 10 10.1 5.5
6500 28.0 82.4 200 14 7 10.3 5.6 | 28.8 83.8 210 20 10 9.8 5.4
6250 28.7 83.7 200 14 7 10.3 5.7 | 29.6 85.3 210 19 10 9.8 5.4
6000 29.5 85.1 200 14 7 11.0 6.1 | 30.3 86.5 210 19 10 11.3 6.2
5750 30.5 86.9 200 13 7 17.8 9.8 | 31.3 88.3 210 17 9 14.5 7.9
5500 32.2 90.0 200 12 6 27.7 15.2 | 32.4 90.3 210 15 8 16.4 9.0
________________________________________________________________________________
This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC) and again by approximately 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC). It is not
continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance.
The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken near the old Stapleton
Airport site in Denver, Colorado at
North Latitude: 39 deg 46 min 5.016 sec
West Longitude: 104 deg 52 min 9.984 sec
Elevation: 5285 feet (1611 meters)
and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the
Colorado Rocky Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.
The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger
values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or
greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
convective activity develop.
CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative
this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This
inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)
Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
produced by surface heating only.
Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a
"trigger temperature" for that level.
Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.
Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and
existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
waves.
K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger
positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding
soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
and is reproduced in the following table:
below -10 no or weak thermals
-10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
5 to 15 good soaring conditions
15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers
20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
probability of showers and thunderstorms
above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms
Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
inversions.
Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.
Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with
positive values showing stable conditions.
Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is
computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
are applied to these calculations.
Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.
Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It
is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments
are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment.
Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that
between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind speed no longer increases with height
PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.
Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
and the time of overdevelopment.
Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values
are indicative of thermal lift.
Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:
Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating
>= 800 fpm Excellent
>= 400 and < 800 fpm Good
>= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair
< 200 fpm Poor
Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
3. initiation of widespread precipitation
Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
reach the trigger temperature.
Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.
Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to
these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
movements.
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