-- Discussion containing changed information from previous version are highlighted. --
000
FXUS61 KOKX 232216
AFDOKX

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NEW YORK NY
516 PM EST FRI JAN 23 2015

.SYNOPSIS...
HIGH PRESSURE MOVES OFF THE MID ATLANTIC COAST TONIGHT. A
RAPIDLY DEEPENING LOW MOVES ALONG THE MID ATLANTIC COAST SATURDAY
MORNING...PASSING SOUTH AND EAST OF SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND SATURDAY
NIGHT. A COLD FRONT PUSHES TO THE SOUTH SUNDAY. HIGH PRESSURE
BUILDS DOWN FROM SOUTHERN CANADA THROUGH WEDNESDAY...AS A SERIES
OF LOWS PASS TO THE SOUTH AND EAST OF LONG ISLAND. THE HIGH
RETREATS TO THE NORTHEAST WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT.
A COLD FRONT PUSHES TO THE SOUTH ON FRIDAY.

&&

.NEAR TERM /UNTIL MIDNIGHT TONIGHT/...
HIGH CLOUDS BEGIN TO STREAM IN LATE TODAY INTO THIS EVENING FROM THE
SW. TEMPS ACROSS INTERIOR TR-STATE AND PINE BARRENS MAY RADIATIVELY
COOL INTO THE MID 20S THIS EVENING...BUT THEN STABILIZE AS CLOUDS
MOVE IN. ELSEWHERE TEMPS WILL SLOWLY FALL TOWARDS FREEZING.

&&

.SHORT TERM /MIDNIGHT TONIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY NIGHT/...
THE MAIN FOCUS DURING THIS PERIOD WILL BE ON A QUICK MOVING BUT
RAPIDLY INTENSIFYING LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM AFFECTING THE REGION LATE
TONIGHT INTO SATURDAY EVENING.

MODELS IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH SOUTHERN STREAM SHORTWAVE ENERGY OVER
TEXAS THIS AFTERNOON SLIDING TO THE EAST COAST THROUGH SAT
AFTERNOON...WHILE INTERACTING WITH A NORTHERN STREAM SHORTWAVE. THE
TREND HAS BEEN MORE PROGRESSIVE WITH THE INTENSIFYING
SHORTWAVE...WITH FULL PHASING AND CLOSED UPPER LOW DEVELOPMENT NE OF
THE REGION. SIMILARLY MODELS IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH LOW PRESSURE
ALONG THE GULF COAST THIS AFTERNOON QUICKLY TRACKING NE TONIGHT
TOWARDS THE MID-ATLANTIC...AND NOW INSIDE OF THE 40/70 LAT/LON
BENCHMARK BY SATURDAY EVENING. ALL OF THE ABOVE POINTS TO AN INTENSE
BUT QUICK MOVING SYSTEM...WITH A FASTER...MORE WESTWARD TRACK...AND
SLIGHTLY WETTER THAN 24 HOURS AGO.

WITH NO HIGH TO THE NORTH OF THE REGION...A MARGINALLY COLD AIRMASS
WILL BE IN PLACE. THERMAL PROFILES AND EXPECTED EVAPORATIONAL
COOLING POINTS TOWARDS CONDITIONS COLD ENOUGH FOR PRECIP TO START AS
SNOW FOR ALL AREAS...MAINLY AFTER MIDNIGHT. SNOW SHOULD BECOME
MODERATE TO HEAVY FROM SW TO NE BTWN 4-7AM WITH STRONG WAA/MOISTURE
ADVECTION ALOFT AND STRONG LIFT FROM A COUPLE JET STRUCTURE WITH
STRONG FRONTOGENETIC FORCING. 1+ INCH SNOWFALL RATES POSSIBLE
SATURDAY MORNING.

AS INTENSIFYING LOW PRESSURE APPROACHES...AN E/SE LLJ JET BEGINS
TO ADVECT +1-4C 850-900MB AIR FROM S TO N FOR ALL BUT FAR NW
PORTIONS OF THE REGION BETWEEN 10Z AND 14Z. THIS SHOULD TRANSITION
PRECIP TO SLEET/FREEZING RAIN/RAIN FROM S TO N...BTWN 6AM AND 8AM
FOR NY/NJ METRO AND COASTAL AREAS...AND MID MORNING TO MIDDAY
WORKING INTO MUCH OF INTERIOR. INDICATIONS ARE THAT FOR THE NY/NJ
METRO AND COASTAL PLAIN...THAT ENOUGH WARM AIR GETS IN ALOFT FOR A
CHANGE TO MAINLY LIQUID PRECIP (RAIN/FREEZING RAIN) FROM MID
MORNING INTO EARLY AFTERNOON. A BIT FARTHER N AND W...THIS WILL
LIKELY BE A MIX OF SLEET...SNOW...AND FREEZING RAIN. WHILE
INTERIOR PORTIONS OF NE NJ...LOWER HUDSON VALLEY...AND SW CT WILL
LIKELY BE MAINLY SNOW THROUGH THE EVENT.

THERMAL PROFILES ARE ONE ISSUE...BUT THE OTHER ISSUE IS BANDING
PLACEMENT AND QPF. BASED ON WESTWARD ENSEMBLE OPER MODEL
TREND...HAVE INCREASED QPF BY ABOUT 1/4 INCH ACROSS THE BOARD FROM
PREVIOUS FORECAST. THE SWEET SPOT FOR DEFORMATION BANDING
POTENTIAL AND COLDER THERMAL PROFILE SAT AFTERNOON APPEARS TO BE
ACROSS INTERIOR SW CT AND NORTHEASTERN HUDSON VALLEY ZONES...WITH
THE HIGHEST SIGNIFICANT SNOWFALL THREAT.

IN TERMS OF SNOW AMOUNTS...THE TOUGH PART OF THIS FORECAST IS
THAT WE COULD BE LOOKING AT 1+ INCH SNOWFALL RATES AS WE ARE ARE
TRANSITIONING SATURDAY MORNING...SO A 1-2 HR TIMING DIFFERENCE IN
CHANGEOVER COULD BE A 1 TO 3 INCH DIFFERENCE IN SNOWFALL. FOR THE
NYC/NJ METRO AND COAST MOST OF THE SNOW ACCUM SHOULD BE LATE
TONIGHT INTO EARLY SAT MORNING. A GENERAL 2 TO 5 INCH RANGE STILL
LOOKS REASONABLE THERE...WITH HIGHER AMOUNTS ACROSS NE NJ...LOWER
HUDSON VALLEY...AND SW CT. AGAIN WITH BEST BANDING POTENTIAL AND
WESTWARD MODEL DRIFT ACROSS INTERIOR PORTIONS OF THE SW CT ZONES
AND PUTNAM COUNTY...5 TO 8 INCHES EXPECTED THERE...AND A WARNING
HAS BEEN ISSUED.

IN TERM OF FREEZING RAIN THREAT...ISALLOBARIC RESPONSE FROM THE
RAPIDLY INTENSIFYING LOW SHOULD KEEP WINDS MORE NORTHERLY THROUGH
THE PEAK OF THE STORM. THIS TYPICALLY PROMOTES COLD AIR DRAINAGE
DOWN THE HUDSON AND CT RIVER VALLEYS...WHICH SHOULD HOLD SURFACE
TEMPS NEAR FREEZING OR JUST BELOW FOR NY/NJ METRO...NORTH SHORE
OF LI...AND COASTAL SW/SC CT THROUGH THE MID TO LATE MORNING(AFTER
CHANGEOVER). SO POTENTIAL OF UP TO TENTH OF AN INCH OF ICE
ACCRETION AWAY FROM SOUTH COASTAL LI/NYC IN THE MORNING. HEAVIEST
ICE ICCERTION LIKELY ACROSS SOUTHERN CT...WITH WARMER AIR WORKING
IN ALOFT BUT SURFACE TEMPS REMAINING NEAR OR SLIGHTLY BELOW
FREEZING. POTENTIAL FOR UP TO 1/4 INCH OF ICE HERE.

IN TERMS OF WINDS...NORTHERLY WINDS INCREASE SAT
AFTERNOON...PEAKING IN THE AFTERNOON AND EVENING. GENERALLY 10 TO
20 MPH WITH GUSTS IN THE 30S. A PEAK GUST TO 40 MPH IS POSSIBLE
ACROSS EASTERN LI/SE CT.

ACROSS LI AND COASTAL CT...HEAVY RAIN SAT MORN/EARLY AFT AND EARLIER
SNOW MAY RESULT IN SOME MINOR URBAN FLOODING ISSUES. ESPECIALLY
ALONG THE COAST DURING TIMES OF HIGH TIDE LATE MORNING INTO EARLY
AFTERNOON.

THERMAL PROFILES APPEARS TO COOL ENOUGH BY MID TO LATE AFTERNOON
FOR A CHANGE BACK TO SLEET THEN SNOW DOWN TO COAST...BUT QUESTION
WILL BE HOW MUCH PRECIP IS LEFT. UNCERTAINTY EXISTS ON HOW FAR
SOUTH BANDING POTENTIAL EXISTS...AND WILL NOT LIKELY BECOME CLEAR
UNTIL SAT AFTERNOON. WITH PROGRESSIVE TREND OF THE UPPER TROUGH
EXPECTING ADDITIONAL ACCUM FOR THE METRO/COAST TO BE LIGHT
(COATING TO 3 INCHES) MID-LATE SAT AFT INTO EARLY SAT EVE FOR
NY/NJ METRO AND COAST AS COLDER AIR WORKS IN. AS MENTIONED
BEFORE...THE SWEET SPOT FOR DEFORMATION BANDING SAT AFTERNOON
STILL APPEARS TO BE ACROSS INTERIOR SOUTHERN CONNECTICUT ZONES.

ANY SNOW COMES TO AND END LATE SAT AFTERNOON/EARLY SAT
EVENING...WITH BREEZY AND NEAR SEASONABLE TEMPS SAT NIGHT.

&&

.LONG TERM /SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
ZONAL FLOW ALOFT ON SUNDAY...GIVES WAY TO WEAK RIDGING SUNDAY
EVENING. SO IT SHOULD BE DRY SUNDAY AND SUNDAY EVENING.

THE MODELS ARE MOVING TOWARDS A CONSENSUS OF ANY STORM SYSTEM EARLY
NEXT WEEK STAYING FAR ENOUGH TO THE S AND E TO PROBABLY HAVE LITTLE
OR NO IMPACT ON THE REGION. THE REASON FOR THIS IS THAT THERE NO
LONGER IS ANY - OR AT MOST VERY WEAK - PHASING PREDICTED BETWEEN THE
NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STREAMS...SO THE SOUTHERN STREAM DRIVEN
SURFACE LOW WILL END UP TAKING A FARTHER S PATH...AND THE NORTHERN
STREAM ENERGY STAYS TO OUR N...LEAVING THE REGION HAVING NO TO
LITTLE FORCING SUNDAY NIGHT-MONDAY NIGHT.

TO GUARD AGAINST THE MODELS SWINGING THINGS BACK IN THE OTHER
DIRECTION ONLY REDUCED POPS TO SLIGHT CHANCE N AND LOW END CHANCE
SOUTH FROM LATE SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY NIGHT. HOWEVER...WOULD NOT
BE SURPRISED IF ULTIMATELY THE FORECAST ENDED UP BEING DRY FOR MOST
IF NOT ALL THE AREA IN THIS TIME FRAME. FOR NOW IT APPEARS THE BEST
CHANCE FOR ANY SNOWFALL SUNDAY NIGHT-MONDAY NIGHT WOULD BE ALONG THE
IMMEDIATE S SHORE OF LONG ISLAND.

WHAT IS FAIRLY CERTAIN IS THAT A SOLID SHOT OF CONTINENTAL POLAR AIR
PUSHES IN FOR THE EARLY TO MIDDLE PARTS OF NEXT WEEK...AS A MEAN
ROUGH SETTLES OVER THE EASTERN U.S. THIS WILL RESULT IN
TEMPERATURES BEING MUCH BELOW NORMAL SUNDAY NIGHT-WEDNESDAY NIGHT.
WIND CHILLS ARE CURRENTLY FORECAST TO BE MAINLY FROM 5 TO 15 SUNDAY
NIGHT...THEN FROM AROUND 0 TO -10 MONDAY NIGHT AND TUESDAY
NIGHT...AND ONLY IN THE TEENS DURING THE DAY MONDAY AND
TUESDAY...THEN IN THE 20S ON WEDNESDAY.

RIDGING BUILDS IN WEDNESDAY NIGHT...THEN SLIDES OFFSHORE ON
THURSDAY. A TROUGH OF LOW PRESSURE THEN WILL SLOWLY APPROACH AND
CROSS THE AREA THURSDAY NIGHT AND FRIDAY. IT SHOULD BE DRY WEDNESDAY
NIGHT-THURSDAY...THEN A SLIGHT CHANCE OF SNOW SHOWERS WITH THE UPPER
TROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT AND FRIDAY.

A BLEND OF MAV/MET/ECS GUIDANCE WITH NAM 2-METER TEMPERATURES AND A
MIX DOWN FROM 975-900 HPA WAS USED FOR HIGHS ON SUNDAY - WITH VALUES
FORECAST TO BE NEAR TO SLIGHTLY BELOW NORMAL. FOR LOWS SUNDAY NIGHT
A BLEND OF MAV/MET GUIDANCE WITH NAM 2-METER TEMPERATURES WAS
USED...WITH READINGS FORECAST TO BE A FEW DEGREES BELOW NORMAL.

FROM MONDAY-FRIDAY A BLEND OF MEX/MEN/EKD/ECE/ECM/WPC GUIDANCE WAS
USED...WITH NAM 2-METER TEMPERATURES BLENDED IN AS WELL ON
MONDAY...AND ECMWF 2-METER TEMPERATURES BLENDED IN ON FRIDAY.
TEMPERATURES MONDAY-WEDNESDAY WILL RUN AROUND 10 TO 15 DEGREES BELOW
NORMAL...WITH THE COLDEST DAY BEING TUESDAY...WITH HIGHS FROM THE
UPPER 10S TO MID 20S...AND THE COLDEST NIGHT TUESDAY NIGHT...WITH
LOWS MAINLY IN THE SINGLE DIGITS...TEMPERATURES MODERATE TO SLIGHTLY
BELOW NORMAL BY THE END OF THE UPCOMING WORK WEEK.

&&

.AVIATION /22Z FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
     
-- Changed Discussion --
HIGH IMPACT AVIATION WINTER EVENT TONIGHT INTO SATURDAY...

HIGH PRES OVER THE AREA MOVES OFFSHORE THROUGH THIS EVENING. LOW
PRES APPROACHES FROM THE SOUTH TONIGHT AND PASSES SOUTH OF LONG
ISLAND DURING THE DAY SATURDAY...THEN RAPIDLY INTENSIFIES AS IT
PASSES EAST OF CAPE COD SATURDAY NIGHT.

SW 8-12 KT THROUGH THIS EVENING WILL DIMINISH TO 5-10 KT...AND THEN
BECOME LGT/VRB BY MIDNIGHT TONIGHT. WINDS BECOME N/NE SATURDAY
MORNING AT 10 KT OR LESS. N WINDS INCREASE TO 10-15 KT WITH 15-20 KT
GUSTS IN THE AFTERNOON...THEN WILL BACK TO THE W/NW BY SATURDAY
EVENING AT 15-20 KT WITH 20-25 KT GUSTS.

VFR THROUGH THIS EVENING. A SCT DECK AT 2 KFT WILL SPREAD INTO THE
REGION DURING THE EVENING...BUT MVFR CIGS SHOULD HOLD OFF UNTIL
04-06Z FROM WEST TO EAST.

SNOW DEVELOPS BY MIDNIGHT TONIGHT AND BECOMES MODERATE TO HEAVY AT
TIMES DURING THE OVERNIGHT. THROUGH SATURDAY MORNING...CAN EXPECT
AROUND 2-4 INCHES OF ACCUMULATION FOR KNYC TERMINALS...3-5 INCHES
FOR THE INTERIOR...AND 1-3 INCHES FOR KISP/KGON.

SNOW THEN TRANSITIONS TO A WINTRY MIX OF SNOW...SLEET...AND
FREEZING RAIN. THERE IS THE POTENTIAL FOR A PERIOD OF PURE
FREEZING RAIN SATURDAY MORNING AS WELL. A FEW HUNDREDTHS TO A
TENTH OF AN INCH OF ICE IS POSSIBLE FOR MOST TERMINALS...WITH A
GLAZE OF ICE POSSIBLE FOR KSWF/KISP/KGON.

WINTRY MIX CHANGES TO RAIN FOR KNYC/LONG ISLAND TERMINALS BY EARLY
SATURDAY AFTERNOON. RAIN MAY BE HEAVY AT TIMES. FOR THE
INTERIOR...WINTRY MIX CONTINUES.

PRECIPITATION CHANGES BACK TO SNOW LATE SATURDAY AFTERNOON/EARLY
SATURDAY EVENING. AN ADDITIONAL 1-3 INCHES OF SNOW IS POSSIBLE
BEFORE SNOW ENDS BY MIDNIGHT SATURDAY NIGHT.

     ...NY METRO ENHANCED AVIATION WEATHER SUPPORT...

DETAILED INFORMATION...INCLUDING HOURLY TAF WIND COMPONENT FCSTS
CAN BE FOUND AT: HTTP:/WWW.ERH.NOAA.GOV/ZNY/N90 (LOWER CASE)

KJFK FCSTER COMMENTS: HIGH CONFIDENCE VFR TODAY. WINDS 220-240 MAG
AT 8-12 KT THROUGH THIS EVENING.

KLGA FCSTER COMMENTS: HIGH CONFIDENCE VFR TODAY. WINDS 220-240 MAG
AT 8-12 KT THROUGH THIS EVENING.

KEWR FCSTER COMMENTS: HIGH CONFIDENCE VFR TODAY. WINDS 220-240 MAG
AT 8-12 KT THROUGH THIS EVENING.

KTEB FCSTER COMMENTS: HIGH CONFIDENCE VFR TODAY.

KHPN FCSTER COMMENTS: HIGH CONFIDENCE VFR TODAY.

KISP FCSTER COMMENTS: HIGH CONFIDENCE VFR TODAY.

.OUTLOOK FOR 18Z SATURDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY...
.SATURDAY AFTERNOON-SATURDAY EVENING...WINTRY MIX/RAIN CHANGES
BACK TO SNOW LATE SATURDAY AFTERNOON BEFORE ENDING. ADDITIONAL
LIGHT ACCUMULATIONS POSSIBLE. IFR TO LIFR CONDS. N WINDS 10-20 KT
WITH 20-30 KT GUSTS...BACKING TO THE NW.
.SATURDAY NIGHT...CONDS IMPROVE TO VFR. WEST/NW WINDS 10-20 KT
WITH 20-25 KT GUSTS.
.SUNDAY...VFR. WEST WINDS 10-15 KT WITH 15-20 KT GUSTS.
.SUNDAY NIGHT-MONDAY NIGHT...MVFR/IFR CONDS IN SNOW POSSIBLE. NE
WINDS 15-20 KT WITH 20-30 KT GUSTS.
.TUESDAY...VFR. N WINDS 10-15 KT. GUSTS TO 25 KT POSSIBLE.
.WEDNESDAY...VFR.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.MARINE...
INITIALLY...CONDITIONS WILL BE BELOW SCA WITH HIGH PRESSURE IN
CONTROL. HOWEVER...THE HIGH MOVES OFFSHORE TONIGHT INTO
SATURDAY...GIVING WAY TO APPROACHING LOW PRESSURE. NE WINDS WILL
RAPIDLY INCREASE TO SCA TOWARDS MORNING AS LOW PRESSURE APPROACHES
WILL ALSO BRING HIGHER SEAS. MARGINAL GALE GUSTS POSSIBLE ON THE
OCEAN AT THIS TIME.

WINDS TURN MORE NORTHERLY AND THEN NW DURING THE DAY SAT AS LOW
TRACKS SE OF THE REGION AND DEEPENS...WITH SCA CONDS CONTINUING
ELSEWHERE. GALES EXPECTED ACROSS THE EASTERN OCEAN WATERS SAT AFT
INTO SAT NIGHT. OCEAN SEAS BUILDING TO 7 TO 10 FT IN RESPONSE.

SMALL CRAFT CONDITIONS ARE LIKELY ON ALL WATERS ON SUNDAY...WITH A
BRIEF LULL ON SUNDAY NIGHT..EXCEPT FOR POSSIBLY SEAS ON THE COASTAL
OCEAN WATERS EAST OF MORICHES INLET.

SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY CONDITIONS ARE PROBABLE ON ALL WATERS...WITH
GALE CONDITIONS POSSIBLE ON THE COASTAL OCEAN WATERS MONDAY AND
MONDAY NIGHT...DEPENDING ON THE EXACT TRACK AND STRENGTH OF A
COASTAL LOW PASSING TO THE S AND E OF LONG ISLAND.

SEAS ON THE COASTAL OCEAN WATERS EAST OF FIRE ISLAND INLET WILL
REMAIN ABOVE SMALL CRAFT LEVELS ON TUESDAY...AND POSSIBLY INTO
WEDNESDAY. OTHERWISE...SUB SMALL CRAFT CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED ON
THE WATERS AROUND LONG ISLAND DURING THE MIDDLE OF NEXT WEEK.

&&

.HYDROLOGY...
LOW PRESSURE IMPACTS THE REGION TONIGHT INTO SATURDAY NIGHT WITH QPF
UP TO 1 TO 1 1/4 INCH ACROSS LI/SE CT...AROUND 1 INCH ACROSS NE NJ
AND SW CT...TO 1/2 INCH FOR AREAS FAR NW OF NYC. THIS WILL FALL AS
A MIX OF SNOW...SLEET...FREEZING RAIN...AND RAIN.

NO SIGNIFICANT PRECIPITATION IS EXPECTED FROM SUNDAY-FRIDAY...WITH
SUNDAY AND TUESDAY-THURSDAY FORECAST TO BE DRY.

ICE ON THE WALLKILL AND YANTIC RIVERS IS CAUSING MINOR FLUCTUATIONS
IN RIVER LEVELS AT THIS TIME.

&&

.TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...
-- Changed Discussion --
WATER LEVELS WILL APPROACH MINOR COASTAL FLOOD THRESHOLDS ACROSS
THE WESTERN LI/NYC SOUTH SHORE BAYS DURING THE MID TO LATE MORNING
HIGH TIDE CYCLE ON SAT...LOCALLY TOUCHING MINOR THRESHOLDS.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.OKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CT...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 6 PM EST
     SATURDAY FOR CTZ007>011.
     WINTER STORM WARNING FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 6 PM EST
     SATURDAY FOR CTZ005-006.
NY...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 6 PM EST
     SATURDAY FOR NYZ067-069>075-078-080-176>179.
     WINTER STORM WARNING FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 6 PM EST
     SATURDAY FOR NYZ068.
NJ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY FROM MIDNIGHT TONIGHT TO 6 PM EST
     SATURDAY FOR NJZ002-004-006-103>108.
MARINE...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FROM 5 AM SATURDAY TO 6 AM EST SUNDAY FOR
     ANZ330-335-338-340-345-353-355.
     GALE WARNING FROM 5 AM TO 11 PM EST SATURDAY FOR ANZ350.

&&

$$
SYNOPSIS...MALOIT/NV
NEAR TERM...NV
SHORT TERM...NV
LONG TERM...MALOIT
AVIATION...MPS
MARINE...JM/NV
HYDROLOGY...JM/NV
TIDES/COASTAL FLOODING...