Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS Chicago, IL

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FXUS63 KLOT 221759
AFDLOT

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Chicago/Romeoville, IL
1259 PM CDT Fri Mar 22 2024

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Narrow band of intense snowfall expected near the IL-WI line
  today resulting in wet snow accumulations

- Uncertainty remains on exact location of highest snowfall
  totals, but amounts in the 2 to 5 inch range seem likely.
  Though there is the potential (15-20%) for amounts to exceed 6
  inches under the heaviest snow band

- 20 to 30 percent chance for light snow across NW IL Saturday
  night.

- Next rain chances arrive Sunday night into Monday along with
  breezy winds.

&&

.UPDATE...
Issued at 948 AM CDT Fri Mar 22 2024

Heavy snow continues to fall across parts of far northern
Illinois this morning. The more prominent band of snow decided
to set up just south of the Wisconsin state line after all. This
band is the result of a narrow f-gen circulation that`s sure a
force to be reckoned with. This band is located directly beneath
a deep (~150 mb) layer of strong mid level omega, as much as
-15 to -20 ubar/s. It looks as though this band will budge
little through late morning and should stay parked over our
northern-most counties. Most late high res guidance continues to
want to nudge this band to the north toward the afternoon as
the low approaches and give parts of far northern IL some brief
relief. There doesn`t appear to be any sign of that looking
upstream, so I`m not really banking on that occurring here later
this morning. And with a handful of 3 to 4+ inch reports from
underneath the band, this prompted us to issue a winter storm
warning for Winnebago, Boone, McHenry, and Ogle County through
4PM. Widespread totals in excess of 6 inches across our far
north are now looking very attainable before all is said and
done.

Meanwhile, more convective-driven snow and graupel showers have
been falling on areas south of I-90 with more rain or a mix
south of I- 80. Visible satellite imagery over this area is
looking awfully bubbly. Here we find strong low level warm
advection and upglide, also with the aid of the stout mid level
omega and possibly even some elevated potential instability
with marginally steep mid level lapse rates. We should at least
have slantwise instability at play which actually looks to be
taking over as recent radar imagery is looking a lot more
banded. We`ve even had a handful of lightning strikes occur
underneath some of these showers over the past several hours.
Guidance is doing an absolutely horrendous job capturing much
precip south of I-88. Thinking is that we`ll probably just
continue to see spotty rain/snow showers down this way while the
warm advection keeps chugging ahead of the low. We should see
rain and mix coverage expand northward into the afternoon as we
warm up, but expect to stay all snow across our far north.

As the low moves across this afternoon, a line of precip is
still anticipated to push across the area ahead of the low
level trough axis. There remains some uncertainty in p-type with
this line, but snow is now looking like the dominant p-type, at
least while this line moves across the bulk of the Chicago metro
area. Rain or a mix is more likely farther south and southeast
where conditions will be warmer. While this line looks rather
narrow, it could pack a little punch with some good forcing at
play. A quick burst of moderate snow is expected for portions of
the Chicago metro which could amount to several tenths to
around upwards of an inch of accumulation on cooler surfaces.
Impacts to roads are not a huge concern with the warmer surface
temps. Nonetheless, some slick spots could develop on cooler and
elevated roads if rates get up there.

Doom

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 341 AM CDT Fri Mar 22 2024

Through Saturday:

A stout upper jet streak continues to howl above the upper
Midwest and Great Lakes ahead of a broad 500 mb trough
traversing out of the northern Plains. Beneath the upper jet, a
mid-level baroclinic zone extends from northern Nebraska to
southern Lower Michigan which has served as the breeding ground
for convective snow showers this morning as modest instability
interacts with the aforementioned features. Thus far, these
showers have yet to reach the surface across the majority of
northern Illinois due to the presence of dry air in the sub-
cloud layer, however; this is expected to change over the next
few hours as a the ongoing snow showers saturate this layer. As
this occurs a 700 mb jet is expected to strengthen across
northern Iowa and southern Wisconsin which should develop a
frontogenetic circulation atop the aforementioned baroclinic
zone and lead to the development of a narrow band of intense wet
snowfall.

While guidance remains in good agreement on this evolution
occurring, there continues to be a lot of uncertainty on where
this heaviest axis of snowfall will establish. The general
consensus though is that the band should set up near the IL-WI
line around daybreak and persist into early afternoon. Given the
combination of strong synoptic forcing and instability snowfall
rates upwards of 1 to 2 inches per hour will be possible
beneath this band which, despite the marginal surface
temperatures, should yield slushy snow accumulations of at least
2 to 5 inches. However, some guidance is indicating that
locally higher amounts (in excess of 6 inches) could occur in a
very narrow axis if sufficient instability can be realized. As
previously stated, guidance is struggling on where this heaviest
snow axis will establish so subtle shifts north or south are
still possible even at this short time range. Therefore, I am
not planning to make any adjustments to the Winter Weather
Advisory for Winnebago, Boone, McHenry, and Lake, IL counties
which appears to cover the area of greatest threat.

Aside from this axis of heavy snow, the mid-level baroclinic
zone stalled overhead will also lead to a sharp north-south
gradient in temperatures this afternoon and as a result a
variety of precipitation types. In general those to the north of
I-80 are expected to remain in the low to mid-30s today with
precipitation primarily in the form of snow though some cold
rain could mix in at times. Given that this snow should fall at
a lighter intensity, accumulations are expected to be
significantly less than under the aforementioned f-gen band.
Couple these lighter snow rates with the marginal temperatures
and warm ground temperatures and I suspect accumulations will be
very limited. However, some minor (trace to 0.5 inch)
accumulations could still be seen on grassy and elevated
surfaces before all is said and done. As for those south of
I-80, temperatures today are expected to remain above freezing
with readings in the 40s to upper 50s (warmest south of the
Kankakee River Valley). Therefore, precipitation in this area
should fall in the form of rain but some snowflakes could mix in
briefly this evening as temperatures cool with a cold front.
Regardless, no accumulation is expected for locales south of
I-80.

Precipitation is expected to gradually taper from west to east
this evening as the aforementioned baroclinic zone gets shoved
through the area as a cold front. However, hi-res guidance is
suggesting that some lake effect snow showers could develop in
the wake of the cold front and persist into Saturday morning
across portions of northeast Illinois near the IL-IN line and
northwest Indiana. Given that moisture will be dwindling and the
modest lake effect parameters forecast, I suspect these showers
will be very isolated if they form at all. Though I did decide
to add a slight chance (20%) mention to the forecast as a
precaution but no additional accumulations are expected.
Otherwise, gradually clearing skies are in the forecast for
Saturday with seasonably cool temperatures in the upper 30s to
mid-40s.

Yack


Saturday Night through Thursday:

Surface high pressure will depart the region Sunday night, with
south and southeasterly return flow re-developing across the
region in advance of a burgeoning area of low pressure across the
Great Plains. A lead shortwave embedded within broad southwest
flow aloft will lead to strengthening low-level warm advection
late Saturday night into Sunday morning. At this time, it looks
like antedecent lower level dry air will probably hold fast,
although there are some indications that top-down saturation may
get close enough to the surface to result in a brief period of
light snow across parts of northwest Illinois.

This warm advection wing will quickly lift north of the region
through Sunday morning. Breezy southeasterly winds will
materialize during the late-morning and afternoon hours as mixing
into the eastern fringes of a low-level jet occurs. Onshore winds
will hold temperatures in the low 40s for lake-adjacent locales
across northeast Illinois.

Large scale forcing for ascent will increase notably Sunday night
into Monday morning as the nose of a 100+ kt jet streak surges
across Illinois in advance of a robust upper wave. Precipitation
chances with this round of ascent look a bit better than Saturday
night`s with deeper moisture present. Thermal profiles by this
time look like they`ll have warmed sufficiently to keep any
precipitation as all rain.

By Monday afternoon, model guidance is in decent agreement
depicting a roughly 990 (ish) mb surface low tracking across Iowa
and then eventually towards the Minnesota Arrowhead. This feature
will be accompanied by quite the impressive low-level mass
response, with 925 mb winds progged near 50 knots. With what looks
to be fairly widespread low stratus, not sure how efficiently
we`ll mix into this flow, but gusts at least intermittently
towards 35-40 mph seem like a decent bet during the day. While
guidance is in good agreement regarding the surface low and
general track, seeing quite a bit more disparity in the low-level
moisture fields. The GFS in particular continues to advertise a
notably more moist PBL surging north through the day compared to
the rest of the available guidance suite. Given what looks to be a
fairly dry airmass in advance of this low (dewpoints in the 40s
down towards the Gulf coast) and generally east to southeasterly
trajectories through at least Sunday evening, the GFS`s
instability profiles look like a bit of an outlier at this point.
Something we`ll need to keep an eye on though, since the kinematic
parameter space within the warm sector are quite impressive.

PWATs are then forecast to surge Monday evening/overnight to
200-300 percent of normal as the aforementioned surface low
occludes and ejects northeastward. Intensifying upper jet
divergence is advertised across the guidance suite during this
period and will likely interact with a slow-moving frontal
boundary, yielding a potential for localized heavy rainfall in the
vicinity. At this time, the best overlap of deeper tropospheric
moisture, frontal forcing, and upper jet support looks like it may
set up south of us (across downstate Illinois) before the cold
front arrives and scours moisture out. A modestly cooler airmass
will arrive Tuesday and into Wednesday in the wake of this
boundary.

Carlaw

&&

.AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z SUNDAY/...
Issued at 1259 PM CDT Fri Mar 22 2024

Key Messages:

- 1-2 hour long period of heavy snow this afternoon.

- MVFR ceilings lingering into tonight.

- Lake effect snow showers expected overnight near GYY, MDW, and
  ORD.

A eastward-moving band of heavy snow will pass over the terminals
this afternoon. The heaviest snowfall rates are only expected
to last for one to two hours at any one TAF site, but will likely
briefly knock visibilities down to LIFR, if not VLIFR levels.
Snowfall will then slowly taper off and end from west to east by
the mid-late afternoon.

In the wake of today`s precipitation, MVFR ceilings should linger
around into tonight before a return to VFR conditions is expected
after midnight, first at RFD, then later at the Chicago metro
terminals. Lake effect snow showers are also expected to develop
overnight tonight over Lake Michigan. Some of these showers
could get close to ORD, MDW, and GYY, with GYY having the best
chance to see temporary visibility reductions from this activity.

Ogorek

&&

.LOT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IL...Winter Storm Warning until 4 PM CDT this afternoon for ILZ003-
     ILZ004-ILZ005-ILZ008.

     Winter Weather Advisory until 4 PM CDT this afternoon for
     ILZ006.

IN...None.
LM...Small Craft Advisory from 4 AM to 10 PM CDT Saturday for the
     IL nearshore waters.

     Small Craft Advisory from 7 AM to 10 PM CDT Saturday for the
     IN nearshore waters.

&&

$$

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