National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Effingham, Effingham County Memorial Airport
Imperial (Metric)
Date Time (cst) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºF) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) Pressure Precipitation (in)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
09 21:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 42.1 39.4 90% 30.17 0.0
09 21:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 42.4 39.4 89% 30.17 0.0
09 21:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 39.6 88% 30.17 0.0
09 20:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 39.6 88% 30.17 0.0
09 20:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT022 42.8 39.4 88% 30.17 0.0
09 20:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC022 43.3 39.2 85% 30.17 0.0
09 19:55 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN024 43.7 39 84% 30.19 0.0
09 19:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 43.9 39.2 84% 30.19 0.0
09 19:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 44.6 38.7 80% 30.19 0.0
09 18:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 44.8 38.8 80% 30.19 0.0
09 18:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 45 38.7 79% 30.18 0.0
09 18:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 45 39.2 80% 30.18 0.0
09 17:55 N 3 10.00 Overcast OVC024 45.7 38.8 48 45.7 77% 30.18 0.0
09 17:35 N 3 10.00 Overcast OVC024 46 38.3 75% 30.18 0.0
09 17:15 N 3 10.00 Overcast OVC024 46.4 39.2 76% 30.18 0.0
09 16:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 46.4 38.7 75% 30.18 0.0
09 16:35 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 46.8 39.6 76% 30.18 0.0
09 16:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 47.1 39.6 75% 30.16 0.0
09 15:55 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT026 47.8 38.5 70% 30.15 0.0
09 15:35 N 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT026 47.3 38.5 72% 30.14 0.0
09 15:15 N 3 10.00 Overcast OVC024 47.3 39 73% 30.14 0.0
09 14:55 N 6 10.00 Overcast OVC024 47.7 40.5 76% 45 30.13 0.0
09 14:35 N 3 10.00 Overcast OVC026 47.7 39 72% 30.13 0.0
09 14:15 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 47.3 39 73% 30.12 0.0
09 13:55 Calm 10.00 Overcast OVC024 47.5 39.4 74% 30.12 0.0
09 13:35 W 3 10.00 Overcast OVC022 46.9 39.4 75% 30.11 0.0
09 13:15 W 6 10.00 Overcast OVC022 46.6 39.9 78% 44 30.11 0.0
09 12:55 W 5 10.00 Overcast OVC022 46.4 39.7 78% 45 30.11 0.0
09 12:35 NW 10 10.00 Overcast OVC022 46 39.6 78% 42 30.11 0.0
09 12:15 W 10 10.00 Overcast OVC022 46.4 40.3 79% 42 30.1 0.0
09 11:55 W 9 10.00 Overcast OVC020 46 39.9 52.3 45.5 79% 42 30.1 0.0
09 11:35 W 13 10.00 Overcast OVC020 45.9 39.6 79% 41 30.1 0.0
09 11:15 W 13 10.00 Overcast OVC020 46.2 40.3 80% 41 30.09 0.0
09 10:55 W 14 10.00 Overcast OVC020 45.9 39.6 79% 40 30.09 0.0
09 10:35 W 10 G 20 10.00 Overcast OVC020 46.9 40.8 79% 43 30.07 0.0
09 10:15 W 12 G 22 10.00 Overcast OVC022 45.7 39.6 79% 41 30.07 0.0
09 09:55 W 18 G 26 10.00 Overcast OVC022 45.9 39.4 78% 39 30.05 0.0
09 09:35 W 20 G 25 10.00 Overcast OVC020 45.5 40.1 81% 38 30.03 0.0
09 09:15 W 16 G 24 10.00 Overcast OVC020 45.7 40.6 83% 39 30.02 0.0
09 08:55 W 13 G 20 10.00 Overcast OVC022 46.4 41.2 82% 41 30.01 0.0
09 08:35 W 13 G 24 10.00 Overcast OVC022 46.6 41.4 82% 41 29.99 0.0
09 08:15 W 16 G 25 10.00 Overcast OVC024 46.6 41.5 83% 41 29.97 0.0
09 07:55 W 16 G 26 10.00 Overcast OVC024 46.6 41.4 82% 41 29.95 0.0
09 07:35 W 22 G 37 10.00 Overcast and Breezy OVC022 46.8 41 80% 40 29.93 0.0
09 07:15 W 20 G 32 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN024 BKN030 47.3 41.4 80% 41 29.91 0.0
09 06:55 W 24 G 40 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy SCT021 SCT027 BKN038 49.1 43.7 82% 42 29.89 0.0
09 06:35 W 18 G 33 10.00 Overcast BKN038 OVC046 51.1 44.6 79% 29.87 0.0
09 06:15 W 26 G 35 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Windy BKN048 51.8 45.9 80% 29.84 0.0
09 05:55 W 23 G 35 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy SCT024 SCT028 BKN046 52.3 47.7 63.7 52.3 84% 29.82 0.0
09 05:35 W 18 G 33 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT021 BKN029 BKN046 54.3 49.1 83% 29.8 0.0
09 05:15 W 23 G 31 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy SCT024 SCT034 BKN046 56.1 51.4 84% 29.78 0.0
09 04:55 W 22 G 28 10.00 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT034 SCT048 60.3 54.3 81% 29.74 0.0
09 04:35 SW 17 G 21 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT046 60.1 57.2 90% 29.71 0.0
09 04:15 SW 16 G 23 10.00 Fair CLR 61.2 57.2 87% 29.7 0.0
09 03:55 S 15 G 21 10.00 Fair CLR 61.9 57.2 85% 29.69 0.0
09 03:35 S 15 G 20 10.00 Fair CLR 62.1 57.4 85% 29.68 0.0
09 03:10 S 13 10.00 Fair CLR 61.7 57.9 88% 29.66 0.0
09 02:55 S 15 G 21 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 61.7 58.1 88% 29.65 0.0
09 02:35 S 17 G 21 10.00 Overcast OVC100 62.2 58.6 88% 29.64 0.0
09 02:15 S 15 G 18 10.00 Overcast BKN090 OVC110 61.7 58.6 90% 29.64 0.0
09 01:55 S 14 G 20 10.00 Light Rain SCT080 OVC090 61.2 58.1 90% 29.64 0.0
09 01:35 S 15 G 23 10.00 Overcast OVC090 61.3 57.2 86% 29.64 0.0
09 01:15 S 13 G 24 10.00 Overcast OVC090 61.7 58.1 88% 29.63 0.0
09 00:55 S 16 G 26 10.00 Light Rain OVC090 62.4 59.4 90% 29.63 0.0
09 00:35 S 17 G 25 10.00 Light Rain OVC090 63.1 60.6 92% 29.62 0.0
09 00:15 S 17 G 25 10.00 Light Rain OVC090 62.8 60.8 93% 29.63 0.0
08 23:55 S 13 G 21 10.00 Overcast SCT049 SCT075 OVC100 61.7 59.7 65.5 61 93% 29.62 0.0 0.02 0.75
08 23:35 S 20 G 24 7.00 Light Rain SCT028 BKN050 OVC090 62.1 61 96% 29.63 0.0 0.02
08 23:15 S 15 G 29 7.00 Rain BKN024 OVC030 64.2 62.2 93% 29.63 0.0
08 22:55 S 16 G 24 10.00 Light Rain OVC026 65.3 61.5 88% 29.61 0.0
08 22:35 S 16 G 22 10.00 Overcast OVC026 64.4 61.7 91% 29.61 0.0
08 22:15 S 15 G 24 10.00 Overcast SCT021 BKN026 OVC034 63.3 62.1 96% 29.6 0.0
08 21:55 SE 24 G 36 3.00 Light Rain and Breezy SCT013 BKN020 OVC033 63 62.6 99% 29.6 0.0 0.73
08 21:35 S 18 G 29 2.50 Heavy Rain BKN013 OVC020 63 62.6 99% 29.62 0.0 0.63
08 21:15 S 18 G 30 5.00 Heavy Rain SCT018 BKN026 OVC035 63.9 61.5 92% 29.61 0.0 0.07
08 20:55 SE 17 G 25 10.00 Overcast BKN026 OVC033 64.9 60.6 86% 29.6 0.0
08 20:35 SE 22 G 30 10.00 Overcast and Breezy SCT025 BKN032 OVC040 64.9 60.4 85% 29.6 0.0
08 20:15 S 14 G 26 10.00 Light Drizzle BKN025 OVC031 64.4 60.3 87% 29.61 0.0
08 19:55 SE 15 G 28 7.00 Rain OVC031 63.9 60.1 88% 29.6 0.0
08 19:35 SE 20 G 29 10.00 Overcast SCT030 OVC037 65.5 59 80% 29.6 0.0
08 19:15 SE 23 G 31 10.00 Overcast and Breezy SCT037 OVC085 65.1 59 81% 29.6 0.0
08 18:55 SE 23 G 29 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy SCT035 SCT040 BKN085 63.9 59.2 85% 29.6 0.0
08 18:35 SE 20 G 26 10.00 Overcast BKN033 OVC042 63.1 59.4 88% 29.6 0.0
08 18:15 SE 20 G 25 10.00 Overcast SCT028 SCT033 OVC042 62.1 59.7 92% 29.62 0.0
08 17:55 SE 17 G 22 7.00 Overcast BKN028 BKN034 OVC041 61 59.9 61 53.8 96% 29.63 0.0
08 17:35 SE 15 G 23 5.00 Drizzle SCT026 OVC034 60.3 59.5 97% 29.64 0.0
08 17:15 SE 15 G 26 7.00 Overcast SCT016 BKN034 OVC044 59.9 58.6 96% 29.64 0.0
08 16:55 SE 17 G 23 5.00 Fog/Mist OVC016 59.5 58.1 95% 29.65 0.0
08 16:35 SE 17 G 22 5.00 Fog/Mist OVC012 59.5 58.1 95% 29.66 0.0
08 16:15 SE 13 G 20 5.00 Fog/Mist OVC012 59 57.9 96% 29.68 0.0
08 15:55 SE 13 G 16 5.00 Fog/Mist OVC010 59 58.1 97% 29.71 0.0
08 15:35 SE 12 5.00 Fog/Mist OVC008 59 58.1 97% 29.71 0.0
08 15:15 SE 17 G 25 4.00 Light Rain OVC008 59 57.9 96% 29.71 0.0
08 14:55 SE 14 G 28 4.00 Fog/Mist OVC008 58.6 57.6 96% 29.71 0.0
08 14:35 SE 18 G 26 4.00 Fog/Mist OVC008 58.1 57.2 97% 29.71 0.0
08 14:15 SE 14 G 24 4.00 Fog/Mist OVC008 57.4 56.7 97% 29.71 0.0
08 13:55 SE 17 G 24 4.00 Fog/Mist OVC008 56.7 55.9 97% 29.7 0.0
08 13:35 SE 16 G 26 5.00 Fog/Mist OVC008 56.3 55.6 97% 29.71 0.0
08 13:15 SE 17 G 23 5.00 Light Rain OVC010 55.6 54.5 96% 29.73 0.0
08 12:55 SE 14 G 22 7.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN013 BKN021 BKN032 55 53.6 95% 29.77 0.0
08 12:35 E 16 G 21 5.00 Fog/Mist SCT010 BKN015 BKN031 54.5 53.6 97% 29.77 0.0
08 12:15 SE 14 G 20 5.00 Light Rain BKN010 OVC017 54.1 53.1 96% 29.81 0.0
08 11:55 SE 12 5.00 Fog/Mist SCT010 BKN019 BKN039 53.6 52.9 53.6 44.2 97% 29.84 0.0
08 11:35 SE 13 5.00 Light Rain SCT009 BKN021 OVC090 53.2 52.7 98% 29.84 0.0
08 11:15 SE 13 5.00 Light Drizzle BKN007 OVC021 52.9 52 97% 29.86 0.0
08 10:55 SE 12 G 17 5.00 Fog/Mist OVC007 52.7 51.8 97% 29.88 0.0
08 10:35 SE 9 G 16 5.00 Fog/Mist OVC007 51.8 50.5 96% 29.88 0.0
08 10:15 SE 14 G 18 7.00 Overcast OVC007 51.6 50 94% 29.89 0.0
08 09:55 SE 12 10.00 Overcast OVC007 50.9 48 90% 29.89 0.0
08 09:35 SE 12 G 17 10.00 Overcast OVC007 49.3 46.4 90% 45 29.89 0.0
08 09:15 SE 12 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN007 48.7 45.3 88% 44 29.89 0.0
08 08:55 E 13 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN007 48.6 45 87% 44 29.88 0.0
08 08:35 SE 13 G 17 10.00 Overcast OVC007 48.2 44.6 87% 43 29.88 0.0
08 08:15 E 13 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN007 47.7 44.1 87% 43 29.88 0.0
08 07:55 E 10 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN009 46.8 43.5 89% 42 29.89 0.0
08 07:35 SE 12 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN009 45.7 42.3 88% 41 29.9 0.0
08 07:15 E 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT009 44.4 41 88% 40 29.91 0.0
08 06:55 E 10 10.00 Fair CLR 44.6 40.3 85% 40 29.91 0.0
08 06:35 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 44.6 39.7 83% 41 29.92 0.0
08 06:15 E 9 10.00 Fair CLR 45.1 39.4 80% 41 29.91 0.0
08 05:55 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 45.7 38.7 45.9 41 77% 42 29.92 0.0
08 05:35 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 45.7 38.5 76% 41 29.91 0.0
08 05:15 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 45.5 38.3 76% 41 29.91 0.0
08 04:55 E 10 10.00 Fair CLR 44.1 38.3 80% 39 29.91 0.0
08 04:35 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.7 38.3 81% 40 29.91 0.0
08 04:15 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.3 38.1 82% 40 29.92 0.0
08 03:55 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.3 37.8 81% 40 29.93 0.0
08 03:35 E 9 10.00 Fair CLR 43.9 37.8 79% 39 29.93 0.0
08 03:15 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.7 37.8 80% 40 29.94 0.0
08 02:55 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.7 37.6 79% 40 29.95 0.0
08 02:35 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 37.4 81% 39 29.94 0.0
08 02:15 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 41.4 37.2 85% 37 29.93 0.0
08 01:55 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 42.1 37.4 84% 38 29.94 0.0
08 01:35 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 42.1 37.4 84% 38 29.94 0.0
08 01:15 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 41.7 37 84% 38 29.95 0.0
08 00:55 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 42.4 37.6 83% 39 29.95 0.0
08 00:35 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 42.4 37.8 84% 38 29.95 0.0
08 00:15 E 9 10.00 Fair CLR 43.5 38.3 82% 39 29.96 0.0
07 23:55 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 43 38.5 48.4 42.1 84% 39 29.97 0.0
07 23:35 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 42.1 38.3 87% 38 29.98 0.0
07 23:15 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.3 38.8 84% 40 29.98 0.0
07 22:55 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 43 39 86% 39 29.97 0.0
07 22:35 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.5 39.2 85% 40 29.97 0.0
07 22:15 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.7 39.2 84% 40 29.98 0.0
07 21:55 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.2 39.2 86% 40 29.98 0.0
07 21:35 SE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 43.5 39.4 85% 41 29.97 0.0
07 21:15 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 43.5 39.4 85% 40 29.97 0.0
07 20:55 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 44.6 39.7 83% 41 29.97 0.0
07 20:35 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 45 39.7 82% 41 29.97 0.0
07 20:15 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 44.2 39.6 84% 41 29.98 0.0
07 19:55 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 45.9 40.1 80% 43 29.98 0.0
07 19:35 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 46.6 40.5 79% 43 29.98 0.0
07 19:15 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 47.3 40.5 77% 44 29.98 0.0
07 18:55 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 47.3 40.6 78% 44 29.97 0.0
07 18:35 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 47.5 40.6 77% 44 29.97 0.0
07 18:15 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 48 40.6 76% 45 29.97 0.0
07 17:55 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 48.7 40.6 59 47.7 74% 46 29.98 0.0
07 17:35 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 48.4 40.6 75% 46 29.98 0.0
07 17:15 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 50 41.9 74% 47 29.98 0.0
07 16:55 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 50.7 42.1 72% 29.97 0.0
07 16:35 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 52.9 41.7 66% 29.97 0.0
07 16:15 E 6 10.00 Fair CLR 54 42.3 65% 29.98 0.0
07 15:55 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 55.4 41 59% 29.97 0.0
07 15:35 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 56.7 41.4 57% 29.97 0.0
07 15:15 S 5 10.00 Fair CLR 58.8 40.3 50% 29.97 0.0
07 14:55 S 5 10.00 Fair CLR 57.6 40.6 53% 29.97 0.0
07 14:35 S 6 10.00 Fair CLR 57.4 41 55% 29.98 0.0
07 14:15 S 3 10.00 Fair CLR 57.9 41.2 54% 29.98 0.0
07 13:55 S 5 10.00 Fair CLR 57.6 40.8 54% 29.98 0.0
07 13:35 S 5 10.00 Fair CLR 57.2 41.4 56% 29.98 0.0
07 13:15 S 3 10.00 Fair CLR 56.1 41.2 57% 29.98 0.0
07 12:55 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 55.2 41.7 61% 29.98 0.0
07 12:35 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 54.1 41.5 63% 29.97 0.0
07 12:15 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 53.1 41 64% 29.98 0.0
07 11:55 SE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 51.6 40.6 51.6 27.9 66% 29.99 0.0
07 11:35 SE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 49.3 40.3 71% 48 30 0.0
07 11:15 SE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 47.8 39.6 73% 46 30.01 0.0
07 10:55 S 7 10.00 Fair CLR 47.3 38.8 73% 44 30.02 0.0
07 10:35 S 7 10.00 Fair CLR 45.1 40.3 83% 42 30.02 0.0
07 10:15 S 6 10.00 Fair CLR 43.3 40.6 90% 40 30.02 0.0
07 09:55 SE 3 7.00 Fair CLR 41.4 41.2 99% 30.03 0.0
07 09:35 Calm 4.00 Fog/Mist SCT002 39 39 100% 30.03 0.0
07 09:15 Calm 0.50 Fog OVC002 35.6 35.6 100% 30.02 0.0
07 08:55 Calm 0.25 Fog OVC002 33.1 33.1 100% 30.02 0.0
07 08:35 Calm 0.25 Freezing Fog OVC002 31.3 31.3 100% 30.01 0.0
07 08:15 Calm 0.15 Freezing Fog OVC002 30 30 100% 30 0.0
07 07:55 Calm 0.15 Freezing Fog OVC002 28.8 28.8 100% 30 0.0
07 07:35 Calm 0.15 Freezing Fog OVC002 28.6 28.4 99% 29.99 0.0
07 07:15 Calm 0.15 Freezing Fog OVC002 28.8 28.8 100% 29.98 0.0
07 06:35 Calm 0.25 Freezing Fog OVC002 28.8 28.8 100% 29.97 0.0
07 06:15 Calm 2.00 Fog/Mist OVC002 29.1 29.1 100% 29.96 0.0
07 05:55 Calm 1.50 Fog/Mist OVC002 28.9 28.9 39.2 28.9 100% 29.96 0.0
07 05:35 Calm 0.25 Freezing Fog OVC002 29.1 29.1 100% 29.95 0.0
07 05:15 Calm 0.25 Freezing Fog OVC002 30 30 100% 29.94 0.0
07 04:55 Calm 1.25 Fog/Mist VV007 29.8 29.8 100% 29.93 0.0
07 04:35 Calm 1.50 Fog/Mist BKN002 30 30 100% 29.93 0.0
07 04:15 Calm 0.50 Freezing Fog BKN002 30.4 30.4 100% 29.92 0.0
07 03:55 S 3 0.50 Freezing Fog BKN002 29.5 29.5 100% 29.92 0.0
07 03:35 Calm 0.25 Fog VV002 32.7 32.7 100% 29.91 0.0
07 03:15 Calm 0.75 Fog/Mist VV005 32.9 32.9 100% 29.91 0.0
07 02:55 Calm 3.00 Fog/Mist CLR 32.9 32.9 100% 29.91 0.0
07 02:35 Calm 5.00 Fog/Mist CLR 33.8 33.8 100% 29.91 0.0
07 02:15 W 3 5.00 Fog/Mist CLR 33.8 33.8 100% 29.91 0.0
07 01:55 Calm 7.00 Fair CLR 34.9 34.9 100% 29.91 0.0
07 01:35 W 5 7.00 Fair CLR 35.6 35.4 99% 32 29.91 0.0
07 01:15 W 6 7.00 Fair CLR 35.4 35.1 99% 31 29.9 0.0
07 00:55 W 6 10.00 Fair CLR 38.1 36.9 95% 34 29.89 0.0
07 00:35 W 8 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 37.6 94% 34 29.89 0.0
07 00:15 W 8 10.00 Fair CLR 38.8 37.6 95% 34 29.89 0.0
06 23:55 W 7 10.00 Fair CLR 38.7 37.6 53.6 38.5 96% 34 29.89 0.0
06 23:35 W 6 10.00 Fair CLR 38.7 37.4 95% 35 29.89 0.0
06 23:15 W 7 10.00 Fair CLR 40.1 38.3 93% 36 29.89 0.0
06 22:55 W 8 10.00 Fair CLR 40.5 38.5 93% 36 29.88 0.0
06 22:35 W 7 10.00 Fair CLR 41.4 39.2 92% 37 29.88 0.0
06 22:15 W 7 10.00 Fair CLR 41.4 39.9 95% 37 29.87 0.0
Date Time (cst) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºF) Pressure Precipitation (in)