National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Bowman Regional Airport
Imperial (Metric)
Date Time (mdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºF) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) Pressure Precipitation (in)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
17 11:15 NW 29 G 37 10.00 Light Snow and Windy BKN026 24.8 17.6 74% 9 29.93 0.0
17 10:55 NW 30 G 38 10.00 Light Snow and Windy BKN026 24.8 19.4 80% 9 29.92 0.0
17 10:35 NW 31 10.00 Partly Cloudy and Windy SCT027 24.8 17.6 74% 9 29.92 0.0
17 10:15 NW 32 10.00 Partly Cloudy and Windy SCT024 SCT029 24.8 17.6 74% 8 29.92 0.0
17 09:55 NW 26 10.00 A Few Clouds and Windy FEW025 24.8 17.6 74% 10 29.92 0.0
17 09:35 NW 25 G 32 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 24.8 17.6 74% 10 29.91 0.0
17 09:15 NW 28 10.00 Fair and Windy CLR 24.8 17.6 74% 9 29.91 0.0
17 08:55 NW 25 G 35 10.00 Light Snow and Breezy CLR 23 17.6 80% 8 29.91 0.0
17 08:35 NW 29 G 36 9.00 Fair and Windy CLR 24.8 19.4 80% 9 29.9 0.0
17 08:15 NW 29 9.00 Light Snow and Windy CLR 24.8 21.2 86% 9 29.89 0.0
17 07:55 NW 28 G 35 10.00 Light Snow and Windy CLR 23 19.4 86% 7 29.88 0.0
17 07:35 NW 30 G 37 10.00 Light Snow and Windy CLR 23 19.4 86% 6 29.88 0.0
17 07:15 NW 26 G 33 10.00 Light Snow and Windy CLR 24.8 23 93% 10 29.88 0.0
17 06:55 NW 26 G 36 9.00 Light Snow and Windy CLR 24.8 23 93% 10 29.87 0.0
17 06:35 NW 29 G 37 10.00 Light Snow and Windy CLR 26.6 21.2 80% 11 29.86 0.0
17 06:15 NW 26 G 33 10.00 Light Snow and Windy CLR 26.6 24.8 93% 12 29.87 0.0
17 05:55 NW 16 G 22 9.00 Light Snow CLR 26.6 24.8 93% 15 29.88 0.0
17 05:35 W 14 10.00 Light Snow CLR 24.8 24.8 100% 14 29.88 0.0
17 05:15 W 7 10.00 Light Snow CLR 21.2 21.2 100% 13 29.88 0.0
17 04:35 W 7 10.00 Light Snow CLR 23 23 100% 16 29.89 0.0
17 04:15 W 6 10.00 Light Snow CLR 23 23 100% 17 29.88 0.0
17 03:55 NW 6 10.00 Light Snow CLR 24.8 24.8 100% 19 29.87 0.0
17 03:35 NW 5 10.00 Light Snow SCT120 24.8 24.8 100% 20 29.87 0.0
17 03:15 N 6 10.00 Light Snow SCT100 BKN120 26.6 26.6 100% 21 29.87 0.0
17 02:55 NW 8 10.00 Light Snow BKN100 26.6 26.6 100% 19 29.87 0.0
17 02:35 NW 9 10.00 Light Snow FEW100 SCT120 26.6 26.6 100% 18 29.88 0.0
17 02:15 NW 10 10.00 Light Snow SCT070 BKN085 OVC120 26.6 26.6 100% 18 29.87 0.0
17 01:55 NW 12 10.00 Light Snow SCT070 OVC085 26.6 26.6 100% 17 29.88 0.0
17 01:35 NW 15 10.00 Light Snow BKN075 OVC085 28.4 26.6 93% 18 29.88 0.0
17 01:15 N 14 10.00 Light Snow BKN065 OVC075 28.4 28.4 100% 18 29.88 0.0
17 00:55 N 14 G 20 10.00 Light Snow BKN065 OVC075 28.4 28.4 100% 18 29.88 0.0
17 00:35 N 21 10.00 Light Snow and Breezy FEW055 OVC075 28.4 28.4 100% 16 29.87 0.0
17 00:15 N 21 10.00 Light Snow and Breezy FEW044 OVC050 30.2 30.2 100% 18 29.85 0.0
16 23:55 N 24 10.00 Light Snow and Breezy SCT016 BKN041 OVC050 30.2 30.2 100% 17 29.86 0.0
16 23:35 NW 24 10.00 Light Snow and Breezy FEW016 OVC038 30.2 30.2 100% 17 29.87 0.0
16 23:15 NW 21 G 29 10.00 Light Snow and Breezy FEW024 BKN031 OVC037 30.2 30.2 100% 18 29.87 0.0
16 22:55 NW 22 10.00 Light Snow and Breezy SCT022 OVC029 30.2 30.2 100% 18 29.86 0.0
16 22:35 NW 21 G 26 10.00 Light Snow and Breezy FEW020 SCT028 BKN034 30.2 30.2 100% 18 29.86 0.0
16 22:15 NW 25 G 54 3.00 Light Snow and Breezy SCT005 BKN035 BKN041 30.2 30.2 100% 17 29.85 0.0
16 21:55 NW 35 G 54 0.75 Light Snow and Windy OVC003 30.2 30.2 100% 15 29.84 0.0
16 21:35 N 32 G 51 0.50 Light Snow and Windy OVC003 30.2 30.2 100% 16 29.83 0.0
16 21:15 NW 30 G 43 0.75 Light Snow and Windy OVC003 30.2 30.2 100% 16 29.84 0.0
16 20:55 NW 25 G 33 0.50 Light Snow and Breezy OVC003 32 32 100% 19 29.85 0.0
16 20:35 NW 25 G 47 0.25 Snow and Breezy OVC003 32 32 100% 19 29.82 0.0
16 20:15 NW 23 G 32 1.00 Heavy Unknown Precip and Breezy OVC003 32 32 100% 20 29.81 0.0
16 19:55 N 22 G 32 0.75 Heavy Unknown Precip and Breezy OVC003 32 32 100% 20 29.8 0.0
16 19:35 NW 21 G 30 1.50 Light Rain and Breezy BKN005 OVC008 33.8 33.8 100% 23 29.8 0.0
16 19:15 NW 21 G 32 8.00 Light Rain and Breezy SCT013 BKN031 OVC060 35.6 35.6 100% 25 29.78 0.0
16 18:55 NW 28 G 36 8.00 Overcast and Windy FEW015 FEW045 OVC055 37.4 33.8 87% 26 29.79 0.0
16 18:35 NW 26 G 33 10.00 Overcast and Windy BKN055 OVC065 37.4 32 81% 26 29.77 0.0
16 18:15 NW 29 G 37 10.00 Light Unknown Precip and Windy OVC060 39.2 32 75% 28 29.78 0.0
16 17:55 NW 28 G 35 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Windy FEW035 BKN060 44.6 32 61% 36 29.75 0.0
16 17:35 NW 24 10.00 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW037 46.4 32 57% 39 29.73 0.0
16 17:15 NW 25 G 31 10.00 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT037 50 32 50% 43 29.71 0.0
16 16:55 N 23 G 35 10.00 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW038 50 33.8 54% 44 29.71 0.0
16 16:35 N 21 G 30 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 51.8 33.8 50% 29.69 0.0
16 16:15 N 25 G 32 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 51.8 33.8 50% 29.68 0.0
16 15:55 N 25 10.00 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW038 53.6 35.6 51% 29.66 0.0
16 15:35 NW 28 10.00 Partly Cloudy and Windy FEW038 SCT110 53.6 35.6 51% 29.66 0.0
16 15:15 NW 22 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy FEW039 BKN110 55.4 37.4 51% 29.66 0.0
16 14:55 NW 23 10.00 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT040 55.4 35.6 47% 29.66 0.0
16 14:35 N 25 G 36 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN038 55.4 37.4 51% 29.66 0.0
16 14:15 NW 23 G 30 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN036 BKN043 55.4 39.2 55% 29.66 0.0
16 13:55 NW 21 G 30 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN033 55.4 39.2 55% 29.65 0.0
16 13:35 NW 20 G 33 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN032 57.2 41 55% 29.65 0.0
16 13:15 NW 22 G 32 10.00 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW032 57.2 41 55% 29.64 0.0
16 12:55 NW 25 10.00 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW032 57.2 41 55% 29.63 0.0
16 12:35 NW 22 G 29 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 57.2 42.8 59% 29.62 0.0
16 12:15 NW 25 G 35 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 57.2 42.8 59% 29.62 0.0
16 11:55 NW 28 G 36 10.00 Fair and Windy CLR 57.2 42.8 59% 29.61 0.0
16 11:35 NW 28 10.00 A Few Clouds and Windy FEW100 55.4 42.8 63% 29.61 0.0
16 11:15 NW 25 G 36 10.00 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT100 53.6 42.8 67% 29.61 0.0
16 10:55 NW 26 G 36 10.00 Fair and Windy CLR 53.6 42.8 67% 29.6 0.0
16 10:35 NW 28 G 35 10.00 Fair and Windy CLR 55.4 42.8 63% 29.58 0.0
16 10:15 NW 24 G 33 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 55.4 41 59% 29.57 0.0
16 09:55 NW 31 10.00 Fair and Windy CLR 55.4 41 59% 29.56 0.0
16 09:35 NW 28 10.00 Fair and Windy CLR 55.4 39.2 55% 29.55 0.0
16 09:15 NW 21 G 29 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 57.2 37.4 48% 29.54 0.0
16 08:55 W 24 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 59 35.6 42% 29.53 0.0
16 08:35 W 24 G 31 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 57.2 35.6 44% 29.52 0.0
16 08:15 W 13 G 20 10.00 Fair CLR 51.8 41 67% 29.52 0.0
16 07:55 W 13 10.00 Fair CLR 50 39.2 67% 46 29.51 0.0
16 07:35 W 10 10.00 Fair CLR 48.2 37.4 66% 44 29.51 0.0
16 07:15 W 8 10.00 Fair CLR 46.4 39.2 76% 43 29.51 0.0
16 06:55 SW 7 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 37 29.5 0.0
16 06:35 SW 13 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 34 29.5 0.0
16 06:15 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 34 29.49 0.0
16 05:55 SW 13 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 34 29.49 0.0
16 05:35 SW 8 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 35.6 76% 39 29.49 0.0
16 05:15 SW 5 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 35.6 76% 41 29.49 0.0
16 04:55 S 10 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 35 29.49 0.0
16 04:35 S 12 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 35 29.5 0.0
16 04:15 S 12 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 35 29.5 0.0
16 03:55 S 7 10.00 Fair CLR 41 35.6 81% 37 29.51 0.0
16 03:35 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 37 29.51 0.0
16 03:15 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 35.6 76% 38 29.5 0.0
16 02:55 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 37.4 81% 38 29.51 0.0
16 02:35 S 12 10.00 Fair CLR 44.6 35.6 71% 39 29.51 0.0
16 02:15 SE 12 10.00 Fair CLR 44.6 35.6 71% 39 29.52 0.0
16 01:55 SE 12 10.00 Fair CLR 46.4 35.6 66% 42 29.53 0.0
16 01:35 SE 12 10.00 Fair CLR 48.2 35.6 62% 44 29.53 0.0
16 01:15 SE 14 10.00 Fair CLR 50 35.6 58% 45 29.54 0.0
16 00:55 SE 14 10.00 Fair CLR 50 35.6 58% 45 29.55 0.0
16 00:35 SE 15 10.00 Fair CLR 50 35.6 58% 45 29.55 0.0
16 00:15 SE 15 10.00 Fair CLR 51.8 35.6 54% 29.56 0.0
15 23:55 SE 13 10.00 Fair CLR 51.8 35.6 54% 29.57 0.0
15 23:35 SE 14 10.00 Fair CLR 51.8 35.6 54% 29.58 0.0
15 23:15 SE 13 10.00 Fair CLR 53.6 35.6 51% 29.58 0.0
15 22:55 SE 14 10.00 Fair CLR 53.6 35.6 51% 29.58 0.0
15 22:35 SE 10 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW120 51.8 37.4 58% 29.59 0.0
15 22:15 SE 9 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW120 51.8 37.4 58% 29.6 0.0
15 21:55 SE 10 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 51.8 37.4 58% 29.6 0.0
15 21:35 SE 10 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT120 51.8 37.4 58% 29.61 0.0
15 21:15 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 51.8 37.4 58% 29.61 0.0
15 20:55 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 53.6 35.6 51% 29.61 0.0
15 20:35 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 53.6 35.6 51% 29.61 0.0
15 20:15 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 53.6 35.6 51% 29.61 0.0
15 19:55 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 55.4 35.6 47% 29.62 0.0
15 19:35 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 57.2 33.8 41% 29.62 0.0
15 19:15 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 59 33.8 39% 29.62 0.0
15 18:55 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 59 35.6 42% 29.63 0.0
15 18:35 S 9 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 33.8 32% 29.63 0.0
15 18:15 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 32 30% 29.63 0.0
15 17:55 S 9 10.00 Fair CLR 66.2 32 28% 29.64 0.0
15 17:35 S 7 10.00 Fair CLR 66.2 32 28% 29.65 0.0
15 17:15 SW 7 G 17 8.00 Fair CLR 66.2 32 28% 29.65 0.0
15 16:55 Vrbl 7 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 32 30% 29.65 0.0
15 16:35 SW 6 G 13 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 32 30% 29.66 0.0
15 16:15 SW 8 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 32 30% 29.66 0.0
15 15:55 SW 7 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 32 30% 29.66 0.0
15 15:35 W 6 G 15 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 32 30% 29.67 0.0
15 15:15 W 8 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW100 FEW120 64.4 32 30% 29.67 0.0
15 14:55 W 8 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW100 64.4 32 30% 29.68 0.0
15 14:35 W 10 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW100 64.4 32 30% 29.68 0.0
15 14:15 Vrbl 3 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW100 62.6 32 32% 29.68 0.0
15 13:55 W 10 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 32 30% 29.69 0.0
15 13:35 W 12 G 18 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 32 30% 29.69 0.0
15 13:15 NW 6 G 16 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 62.6 32 32% 29.69 0.0
15 12:55 SW 5 G 13 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 62.6 30.2 30% 29.69 0.0
15 12:35 W 10 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW100 62.6 32 32% 29.7 0.0
15 12:15 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 62.6 32 32% 29.7 0.0
15 11:55 Vrbl 5 G 15 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 30.2 30% 29.7 0.0
15 11:35 Vrbl 5 G 12 10.00 Fair CLR 60.8 30.2 31% 29.71 0.0
15 11:15 NW 9 G 15 10.00 Fair CLR 60.8 30.2 31% 29.71 0.0
15 10:55 N 10 10.00 Fair CLR 60.8 30.2 31% 29.71 0.0
15 10:35 N 13 10.00 Fair CLR 60.8 30.2 31% 29.71 0.0
15 10:15 N 12 G 18 10.00 Fair CLR 59 30.2 34% 29.71 0.0
15 09:55 N 12 10.00 Fair CLR 59 30.2 34% 29.71 0.0
15 09:35 N 10 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 57.2 33.8 41% 29.71 0.0
15 09:15 NW 14 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW110 57.2 32 39% 29.71 0.0
15 08:55 NW 15 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 55.4 33.8 44% 29.71 0.0
15 08:35 W 13 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW100 51.8 35.6 54% 29.71 0.0
15 08:15 W 14 G 20 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 51.8 35.6 54% 29.7 0.0
15 07:55 W 10 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 48.2 41 76% 44 29.7 0.0
15 07:35 SW 13 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 44.6 39.2 81% 39 29.7 0.0
15 07:15 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 39.2 87% 36 29.69 0.0
15 06:55 SW 15 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 39.2 100% 31 29.68 0.0
15 06:35 SW 16 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 37.4 93% 31 29.68 0.0
15 06:15 SW 16 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 33 29.68 0.0
15 05:55 SW 15 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 37.4 93% 31 29.68 0.0
15 05:35 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 41 37.4 87% 34 29.68 0.0
15 05:15 SW 14 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW100 41 37.4 87% 34 29.68 0.0
15 04:55 SW 15 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 41 39.2 93% 34 29.68 0.0
15 04:35 SW 14 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 41 39.2 93% 34 29.68 0.0
15 04:15 SW 15 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 39.2 100% 31 29.68 0.0
15 03:55 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 39.2 100% 32 29.68 0.0
15 03:35 SW 15 10.00 Fair CLR 41 39.2 93% 34 29.68 0.0
15 03:15 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 41 39.2 93% 34 29.68 0.0
15 02:55 SW 15 10.00 Fair CLR 41 41 100% 34 29.68 0.0
15 02:35 SW 12 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 39.2 100% 33 29.68 0.0
15 02:15 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 39.2 100% 32 29.68 0.0
15 01:55 SW 13 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 39.2 100% 32 29.68 0.0
15 01:35 SW 13 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 39.2 100% 32 29.69 0.0
15 01:15 S 13 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 39.2 100% 32 29.69 0.0
15 00:55 S 13 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 39.2 100% 32 29.7 0.0
15 00:35 S 13 10.00 Fair CLR 41 41 100% 34 29.7 0.0
15 00:15 S 14 10.00 Fair CLR 41 41 100% 34 29.7 0.0
14 23:55 S 14 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 41 93% 36 29.71 0.0
14 23:35 S 14 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 41 93% 36 29.71 0.0
14 23:15 S 14 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 42.8 100% 36 29.72 0.0
14 22:55 S 13 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 42.8 100% 37 29.72 0.0
14 22:35 S 14 10.00 Fair CLR 42.8 42.8 100% 36 29.73 0.0
14 22:15 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 44.6 42.8 93% 39 29.73 0.0
14 21:55 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 44.6 42.8 93% 39 29.74 0.0
14 21:35 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 46.4 42.8 87% 41 29.74 0.0
14 21:15 SW 14 G 20 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT070 48.2 41 76% 43 29.74 0.0
14 20:55 SW 14 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT065 48.2 41 76% 43 29.74 0.0
14 20:35 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 50 39.2 67% 45 29.73 0.0
14 20:15 W 7 10.00 Fair CLR 53.6 35.6 51% 29.72 0.0
14 19:55 W 8 10.00 Fair CLR 55.4 35.6 47% 29.72 0.0
14 19:35 W 8 10.00 Fair CLR 57.2 35.6 44% 29.72 0.0
14 19:15 W 8 10.00 Fair CLR 60.8 35.6 39% 29.72 0.0
14 18:55 W 7 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 32 32% 29.72 0.0
14 18:35 NW 8 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 35.6 37% 29.72 0.0
14 18:15 NW 7 G 13 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 33.8 34% 29.72 0.0
14 17:55 NW 13 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 35.6 37% 29.72 0.0
14 17:35 NW 12 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 35.6 37% 29.72 0.0
14 17:15 W 14 G 21 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 64.4 32 30% 29.71 0.0
14 16:55 W 15 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 64.4 33.8 32% 29.72 0.0
14 16:35 W 16 G 23 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW090 64.4 33.8 32% 29.72 0.0
14 16:15 W 9 G 15 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW090 62.6 35.6 37% 29.72 0.0
14 15:55 NW 14 G 21 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 35.6 34% 29.71 0.0
14 15:35 W 15 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 33.8 32% 29.72 0.0
14 15:15 W 21 10.00 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW070 64.4 33.8 32% 29.72 0.0
14 14:55 W 13 G 21 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 33.8 32% 29.73 0.0
14 14:35 W 15 G 22 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 33.8 32% 29.73 0.0
14 14:15 W 15 G 23 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 35.6 34% 29.74 0.0
14 13:55 W 16 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW060 FEW075 62.6 33.8 34% 29.74 0.0
14 13:35 W 15 G 23 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW060 62.6 35.6 37% 29.74 0.0
14 13:15 W 13 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 33.8 34% 29.75 0.0
14 12:55 W 15 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 35.6 37% 29.75 0.0
14 12:35 W 10 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 60.8 37.4 42% 29.76 0.0
14 12:15 W 10 10.00 Fair CLR 60.8 41 48% 29.76 0.0
14 11:55 W 13 10.00 Light Drizzle CLR 59 41 51% 29.77 0.0
Date Time (mdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºF) Pressure Precipitation (in)