National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Moorhead Municipal Airport
Imperial (Metric)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºF) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) Pressure Precipitation (in)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
01 09:55 S 5 10.00 Overcast OVC012 66.2 62.6 88% 30.07 0.0
01 09:35 S 5 10.00 Overcast OVC012 66.2 62.6 88% 30.07 0.0
01 09:15 S 3 10.00 Overcast OVC014 66.2 62.6 88% 30.06 0.0
01 08:55 Calm 7.00 Overcast OVC014 64.4 62.6 94% 30.06 0.0
01 08:35 S 3 7.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT012 BKN017 BKN026 66.2 62.6 88% 30.06 0.0
01 08:15 S 3 7.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT017 BKN095 64.4 62.6 94% 30.05 0.0
01 07:55 Calm 7.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN017 64.4 62.6 94% 30.05 0.0
01 07:35 SW 6 7.00 Partly Cloudy SCT015 64.4 62.6 94% 30.05 0.0
01 07:15 W 6 7.00 Partly Cloudy SCT120 64.4 62.6 94% 30.04 0.0
01 06:55 Calm 7.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 62.6 60.8 94% 30.02 0.0
01 06:35 S 3 7.00 Partly Cloudy SCT120 62.6 60.8 94% 30.01 0.0
01 06:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 60.8 94% 29.99 0.0
01 05:55 S 7 7.00 Fair CLR 62.6 60.8 94% 29.99 0.0
01 05:35 S 7 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 60.8 94% 29.99 0.0
01 05:15 S 7 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT120 62.6 60.8 94% 29.98 0.0
01 04:55 S 9 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 62.6 60.8 94% 29.97 0.0
01 04:35 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 60.8 94% 29.97 0.0
01 04:15 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 60.8 94% 29.97 0.0
01 03:55 SE 9 7.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 62.6 60.8 94% 29.96 0.0
01 03:35 SE 12 7.00 Light Rain SCT055 BKN110 62.6 60.8 94% 29.96 0.0
01 03:15 SE 13 G 18 7.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT085 BKN100 62.6 60.8 94% 29.96 0.0
01 02:55 SE 10 10.00 Overcast SCT041 OVC085 62.6 60.8 94% 29.98 0.0
01 02:35 S 10 10.00 Overcast BKN014 BKN040 OVC085 62.6 60.8 94% 30 0.0
01 02:15 S 7 10.00 Light Rain OVC014 62.6 60.8 94% 30.01 0.0
01 01:55 SW 6 7.00 Overcast BKN014 BKN055 OVC090 62.6 60.8 94% 30.01 0.0
01 01:35 Calm 7.00 Thunderstorm Light Drizzle in Vicinity SCT014 BKN070 OVC090 62.6 60.8 94% 30 0.0
01 01:15 Calm 7.00 Light Rain SCT016 BKN043 OVC090 62.6 60.8 94% 30 0.0
01 00:55 Calm 7.00 Light Rain SCT035 BKN055 OVC100 62.6 60.8 94% 30 0.0
01 00:35 SE 3 10.00 Light Drizzle SCT080 BKN090 62.6 60.8 94% 30 0.0
01 00:15 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 62.6 60.8 94% 29.99 0.0
31 23:55 Calm 10.00 Light Rain SCT100 62.6 60.8 94% 29.99 0.0
31 23:35 SE 3 10.00 Light Drizzle CLR 62.6 60.8 94% 29.98 0.0
31 23:15 SE 7 10.00 Light Rain SCT050 SCT065 BKN100 62.6 59 88% 29.97 0.0
31 22:55 SE 6 10.00 Light Rain SCT090 BKN110 62.6 59 88% 29.97 0.0
31 22:35 SE 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 62.6 59 88% 29.97 0.0
31 22:15 SE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 59 88% 29.97 0.0
31 21:55 SE 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 62.6 59 88% 29.96 0.0
31 21:35 SE 7 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 62.6 57.2 83% 29.96 0.0
31 21:15 SE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 57.2 83% 29.96 0.0
31 20:55 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 57.2 83% 29.96 0.0
31 20:35 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 57.2 83% 29.96 0.0
31 20:15 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 57.2 83% 29.96 0.0
31 19:55 SE 7 10.00 Drizzle SCT041 64.4 59 83% 29.96 0.0
31 19:35 E 12 10.00 Light Drizzle SCT120 64.4 59 83% 29.94 0.0
31 19:15 SE 6 10.00 Light Drizzle CLR 66.2 59 78% 29.94 0.0
31 18:55 SE 8 10.00 Light Drizzle CLR 66.2 59 78% 29.94 0.0
31 18:35 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 66.2 57.2 73% 29.94 0.0
31 18:15 SE 12 G 16 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT034 68 57.2 69% 29.94 0.0
31 17:55 SE 10 10.00 Rain SCT028 SCT034 BKN110 69.8 60.8 73% 29.94 0.0
31 17:35 SE 9 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 69.8 59 69% 29.94 0.0
31 17:15 SE 14 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 69.8 57.2 64% 29.94 0.0
31 16:55 SE 9 G 16 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 69.8 59 69% 29.95 0.0
31 16:35 SE 12 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 69.8 59 69% 29.94 0.0
31 16:15 SE 12 G 17 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT065 BKN100 69.8 59 69% 29.95 0.0
31 15:55 S 14 G 18 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT065 SCT075 SCT110 69.8 59 69% 29.95 0.0
31 15:35 SE 16 G 21 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 71.6 59 65% 29.94 0.0
31 15:15 S 16 G 20 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 60.8 65% 29.94 0.0
31 14:55 S 14 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 59 65% 29.95 0.0
31 14:35 SE 12 G 17 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT033 71.6 59 65% 29.94 0.0
31 14:15 SE 13 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN033 71.6 59 65% 29.94 0.0
31 13:55 SE 12 G 21 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 59 65% 29.95 0.0
31 13:35 SE 13 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 57.2 61% 29.95 0.0
31 13:15 SE 12 G 18 10.00 Fair CLR 66.2 55.4 68% 29.95 0.0
31 12:55 SE 10 G 20 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 55.4 73% 29.97 0.0
31 12:35 SE 13 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT023 64.4 55.4 73% 29.97 0.0
31 12:15 SE 10 G 16 10.00 Overcast OVC023 64.4 55.4 73% 29.98 0.0
31 11:55 SE 10 G 18 10.00 Overcast OVC023 64.4 55.4 73% 29.98 0.0
31 11:35 SE 8 10.00 Light Rain BKN023 62.6 55.4 77% 29.97 0.0
31 11:15 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 62.6 55.4 77% 29.97 0.0
31 10:55 SE 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT025 62.6 55.4 77% 29.97 0.0
31 10:35 SE 13 10.00 Light Drizzle BKN025 BKN090 62.6 55.4 77% 29.97 0.0
31 10:15 E 13 G 20 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT025 BKN100 62.6 53.6 73% 29.97 0.0
31 09:55 SE 13 G 21 10.00 Fair CLR 64.4 53.6 68% 29.96 0.0
31 09:35 E 14 G 22 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT036 64.4 55.4 73% 29.96 0.0
31 09:15 E 14 G 20 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN036 64.4 55.4 73% 29.96 0.0
31 08:55 SE 10 10.00 Overcast OVC040 62.6 57.2 83% 29.97 0.0
31 08:35 E 8 10.00 Overcast OVC042 62.6 55.4 77% 29.97 0.0
31 08:15 SE 10 10.00 Light Rain SCT038 BKN047 OVC060 62.6 55.4 77% 29.98 0.0
31 07:55 SE 10 G 17 10.00 Overcast BKN060 OVC065 64.4 55.4 73% 29.98 0.0
31 07:35 SE 10 10.00 Overcast OVC060 64.4 55.4 73% 29.98 0.0
31 07:15 SE 12 G 18 10.00 Light Rain SCT049 OVC060 66.2 53.6 64% 29.97 0.0
31 06:55 SE 10 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT049 BKN060 66.2 53.6 64% 29.97 0.0
31 06:35 SE 8 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT085 66.2 53.6 64% 29.96 0.0
31 06:15 SE 10 10.00 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN085 66.2 53.6 64% 29.96 0.0
31 05:55 SE 9 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN085 66.2 53.6 64% 29.95 0.0
31 05:35 SE 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT085 66.2 53.6 64% 29.95 0.0
31 05:15 SE 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT120 66.2 53.6 64% 29.95 0.0
31 04:55 SE 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT120 66.2 53.6 64% 29.94 0.0
31 04:35 SE 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT090 66.2 53.6 64% 29.95 0.0
31 04:15 E 8 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 66.2 55.4 68% 29.95 0.0
31 03:55 SE 9 10.00 Overcast OVC090 66.2 55.4 68% 29.95 0.0
31 03:35 SE 10 10.00 Overcast OVC090 68 55.4 64% 29.96 0.0
31 03:15 SE 10 G 16 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 68 55.4 64% 29.97 0.0
31 02:55 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 66.2 55.4 68% 29.97 0.0
31 02:35 SE 9 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT090 69.8 55.4 60% 29.97 0.0
31 02:15 SE 9 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT080 BKN090 69.8 55.4 60% 29.98 0.0
31 01:55 SE 7 10.00 Overcast OVC080 69.8 55.4 60% 29.99 0.0
31 01:35 SE 8 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 69.8 55.4 60% 29.99 0.0
31 01:15 SE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 69.8 55.4 60% 30 0.0
31 00:55 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 69.8 55.4 60% 30 0.0
31 00:35 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 55.4 57% 30 0.0
31 00:15 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 55.4 57% 30.01 0.0
30 23:55 SE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 55.4 57% 30.01 0.0
30 23:35 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 55.4 57% 30 0.0
30 23:15 E 13 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 55.4 53% 29.98 0.0
30 22:55 SE 9 G 16 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 55.4 53% 29.98 0.0
30 22:35 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 53.6 50% 29.96 0.0
30 22:15 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 75.2 53.6 47% 78 29.96 0.0
30 21:55 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 75.2 53.6 47% 78 29.95 0.0
30 21:35 E 8 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 75.2 53.6 47% 78 29.96 0.0
30 21:15 SE 7 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 77 55.4 47% 79 29.95 0.0
30 20:55 SE 8 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 78.8 55.4 45% 79 29.94 0.0
30 20:35 SE 10 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 78.8 55.4 45% 79 29.94 0.0
30 20:15 SE 12 G 20 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 80.6 55.4 42% 81 29.94 0.0
30 19:55 SE 13 G 20 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 55.4 42% 81 29.94 0.0
30 19:35 SE 13 G 20 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 55.4 42% 81 29.94 0.0
30 19:15 SE 13 G 22 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 55.4 42% 81 29.93 0.0
30 18:55 SE 16 G 22 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.93 0.0
30 18:35 SE 10 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT080 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.93 0.0
30 18:15 SE 12 G 21 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.94 0.0
30 17:55 SE 14 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.94 0.0
30 17:35 SE 12 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.94 0.0
30 17:15 SE 14 G 22 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.94 0.0
30 16:55 SE 16 G 21 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.94 0.0
30 16:35 SE 9 G 20 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.94 0.0
30 16:15 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 55.4 42% 81 29.95 0.0
30 15:55 SE 9 G 20 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 53.6 39% 80 29.96 0.0
30 15:35 SE 13 G 21 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 53.6 39% 80 29.96 0.0
30 15:15 SE 14 G 24 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 53.6 39% 80 29.96 0.0
30 14:55 SE 15 G 23 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 51.8 37% 80 29.96 0.0
30 14:35 SE 16 G 23 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 53.6 39% 80 29.96 0.0
30 14:15 SE 15 G 23 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 55.4 42% 81 29.96 0.0
30 13:55 S 17 G 26 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 53.6 39% 80 29.96 0.0
30 13:35 SE 20 G 25 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 53.6 37% 81 29.95 0.0
30 13:15 SE 16 G 28 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 53.6 37% 81 29.96 0.0
30 12:55 S 20 G 26 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 53.6 37% 81 29.96 0.0
30 12:35 SE 15 G 29 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.96 0.0
30 12:15 SE 15 G 30 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 55.4 40% 82 29.96 0.0
30 11:55 SE 21 G 29 10.00 Fair and Breezy CLR 82.4 57.2 42% 82 29.96 0.0
30 11:35 SE 15 G 23 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 59 48% 81 29.96 0.0
30 11:15 SE 14 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 60.8 51% 81 29.96 0.0
30 10:55 SE 13 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 60.8 51% 81 29.96 0.0
30 10:35 SE 15 G 18 10.00 Fair CLR 78.8 60.8 54% 80 29.96 0.0
30 10:15 SE 12 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 78.8 60.8 54% 80 29.96 0.0
30 09:55 SE 12 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 80.6 59 48% 81 29.96 0.0
30 09:35 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 78.8 60.8 54% 80 29.96 0.0
30 09:15 SE 12 10.00 Fair CLR 78.8 60.8 54% 80 29.95 0.0
30 08:55 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 78.8 60.8 54% 80 29.95 0.0
30 08:35 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 77 60.8 57% 79 29.94 0.0
30 08:15 SE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 62.6 69% 29.94 0.0
30 07:55 SE 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 71.6 62.6 73% 29.94 0.0
30 07:35 SE 3 10.00 Fair CLR 69.8 62.6 78% 29.94 0.0
30 07:15 SE 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 69.8 62.6 78% 29.94 0.0
30 06:55 SE 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 69.8 62.6 78% 29.94 0.0
30 06:35 E 3 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 68 60.8 78% 29.93 0.0
30 06:15 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 68 60.8 78% 29.93 0.0
30 05:55 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 05:35 E 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 05:15 E 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT080 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 04:55 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT080 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 04:35 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT080 SCT090 69.8 60.8 73% 29.92 0.0
30 04:15 E 5 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN080 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 03:55 E 5 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 BKN100 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 03:35 E 3 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 03:15 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT075 SCT090 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 02:55 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT075 SCT090 69.8 60.8 73% 29.92 0.0
30 02:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT075 SCT100 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 02:15 E 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 69.8 60.8 73% 29.92 0.0
30 01:55 NE 5 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 69.8 60.8 73% 29.92 0.0
30 01:35 E 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 01:15 E 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 00:55 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 00:35 E 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
30 00:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
29 23:55 E 3 10.00 Fair CLR 69.8 60.8 73% 29.93 0.0
29 23:35 E 3 10.00 Fair CLR 69.8 60.8 73% 29.92 0.0
29 23:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 60.8 69% 29.92 0.0
29 22:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 69.8 60.8 73% 29.92 0.0
29 22:35 E 5 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 62.6 73% 29.92 0.0
29 22:15 E 3 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 62.6 73% 29.92 0.0
29 21:55 NE 3 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 62.6 73% 29.91 0.0
29 21:35 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 73.4 62.6 69% 29.91 0.0
29 21:15 Calm 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT110 71.6 62.6 73% 29.9 0.0
29 20:55 Calm 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT070 BKN090 71.6 62.6 73% 29.89 0.0
29 20:35 W 3 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT090 71.6 62.6 73% 29.9 0.0
29 20:15 W 5 10.00 Fair CLR 71.6 62.6 73% 29.9 0.0
29 19:55 W 8 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 62.6 69% 29.91 0.0
29 19:35 W 9 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 62.6 69% 29.91 0.0
29 19:15 SW 10 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 62.6 69% 29.91 0.0
29 18:55 W 12 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 62.6 69% 29.9 0.0
29 18:35 SW 12 G 20 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 62.6 69% 29.91 0.0
29 18:15 SW 17 G 21 10.00 Fair CLR 73.4 62.6 69% 29.91 0.0
29 17:55 SW 18 G 24 10.00 Fair CLR 75.2 62.6 65% 77 29.92 0.0
29 17:35 SW 17 G 23 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 75.2 64.4 69% 77 29.91 0.0
29 17:15 SW 15 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 78.8 62.6 58% 80 29.91 0.0
29 16:55 S 13 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 87.8 57.2 35% 87 29.87 0.0
29 16:35 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 87.8 59 38% 87 29.87 0.0
29 16:15 SE 9 10.00 Fair CLR 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.87 0.0
29 15:55 SE 9 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.88 0.0
29 15:35 S 14 10.00 Fair CLR 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.89 0.0
29 15:15 S 10 G 18 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT090 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.89 0.0
29 14:55 S 16 G 20 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT090 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.9 0.0
29 14:35 SE 8 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT090 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.9 0.0
29 14:15 SE 15 G 18 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT090 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.91 0.0
29 13:55 S 14 G 17 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT090 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.91 0.0
29 13:35 S 10 G 17 10.00 Fair CLR 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.92 0.0
29 13:15 SE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 91.4 60.8 36% 91 29.93 0.0
29 12:55 S 9 10.00 Fair CLR 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.93 0.0
29 12:35 SE 3 10.00 Fair CLR 89.6 60.8 38% 90 29.94 0.0
29 12:15 S 6 10.00 Fair CLR 87.8 62.6 43% 88 29.94 0.0
29 11:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 87.8 62.6 43% 88 29.95 0.0
29 11:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 86 60.8 43% 86 29.96 0.0
29 11:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 86 62.6 46% 87 29.96 0.0
29 10:55 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 84.2 62.6 48% 85 29.97 0.0
29 10:35 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 60.8 48% 83 29.97 0.0
29 10:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 82.4 62.6 51% 83 29.97 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºF) Pressure Precipitation (in)