National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Roseau, Roseau Municipal Airport/Rudy Billberg Field
Imperial (Metric)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºF) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) Pressure Precipitation (in)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
29 03:55 E 9 10.00 Overcast BKN110 OVC130 27.7 21.4 77% 20 29.99 0.0
29 03:35 E 8 10.00 Overcast SCT110 OVC130 27.9 21.2 76% 21 30 0.0
29 03:15 E 10 10.00 Overcast OVC130 27.9 21.7 78% 19 30.01 0.0
29 02:55 E 12 10.00 Overcast OVC110 27.9 21 75% 19 30.01 0.0
29 02:35 E 12 10.00 Overcast BKN110 OVC130 28 21.6 77% 19 30.01 0.0
29 02:15 E 10 10.00 Overcast OVC140 28.2 22.3 78% 20 30.01 0.0
29 01:55 E 12 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN150 BKN180 28.2 22.5 79% 19 30.02 0.0
29 01:35 NE 10 10.00 Partly Cloudy FEW160 SCT180 28.2 22.6 80% 20 30.03 0.0
29 01:15 NE 10 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW150 28.6 22.5 78% 20 30.03 0.0
29 00:55 NE 8 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT150 29.1 23.7 37.4 28 80% 22 30.04 0.0
29 00:35 NE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 28.4 23.9 83% 23 30.04 0.0
29 00:15 NE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 28.6 24.1 83% 24 30.05 0.0
28 23:55 NE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 29.5 23.7 79% 24 30.05 0.0
28 23:35 E 5 10.00 Fair CLR 29.8 23.9 79% 26 30.05 0.0
28 23:15 E 5 10.00 Fair CLR 29.5 24.6 82% 25 30.05 0.0
28 22:55 NE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 29.5 25.2 84% 25 30.05 0.0
28 22:35 NE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 29.3 24.8 83% 25 30.05 0.0
28 22:15 NE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 29.7 25 83% 25 30.05 0.0
28 21:55 NE 5 10.00 Fair CLR 30.6 26.1 83% 26 30.05 0.0
28 21:35 E 6 10.00 Fair CLR 31.5 24.4 75% 26 30.04 0.0
28 21:15 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 31.6 24.6 75% 26 30.04 0.0
28 20:55 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 32.4 24.4 73% 26 30.03 0.0
28 20:35 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 32.9 24.1 70% 27 30.03 0.0
28 20:15 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 33.3 24.8 71% 27 30.03 0.0
28 19:55 E 7 10.00 Fair CLR 33.8 26.2 74% 28 30.03 0.0
28 19:35 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 35.6 23.4 61% 30 30.02 0.0
28 19:15 E 9 10.00 Fair CLR 36.9 26.6 66% 31 30.02 0.0
28 18:55 E 10 10.00 Fair CLR 38.8 27.1 43.7 38.8 63% 33 30.01 0.0
28 18:35 E 8 10.00 Fair CLR 40.6 26.1 56% 36 30.01 0.0
28 18:15 E 9 9.00 Fair CLR 42.3 27.7 56% 37 30.01 0.0
28 17:55 E 6 9.00 Fair CLR 42.6 25.5 51% 40 30.01 0.0
28 17:35 Calm 9.00 Fair CLR 42.6 24.1 48% 30.01 0.0
28 17:15 NE 3 10.00 Fair CLR 42.4 23.9 48% 30.02 0.0
28 16:55 E 5 9.00 Fair CLR 42.6 24.6 49% 40 30.02 0.0
28 16:35 NE 3 9.00 Fair CLR 42.6 24.3 48% 30.02 0.0
28 16:15 E 3 9.00 Fair CLR 42.6 24.3 48% 30.02 0.0
28 15:55 W 3 10.00 Fair CLR 43.3 22.1 43% 30.02 0.0
28 15:35 W 5 10.00 Fair CLR 43.2 23.4 46% 41 30.02 0.0
28 15:15 Calm 9.00 Fair CLR 41 22.5 48% 30.02 0.0
28 14:55 Vrbl 3 10.00 Fair CLR 41.2 24.4 51% 30.02 0.0
28 14:35 N 3 10.00 Fair CLR 40.6 23.7 51% 30.02 0.0
28 14:15 Calm 10.00 Fair CLR 41.9 23.5 48% 30.02 0.0
28 13:55 S 8 10.00 Fair CLR 41 22.6 48% 36 30.02 0.0
28 13:35 W 7 10.00 Fair CLR 41.9 23 47% 38 30.02 0.0
28 13:15 W 9 10.00 Fair CLR 41.7 21.9 45% 37 30.01 0.0
28 12:55 S 6 10.00 Fair CLR 41 20.7 41.7 20.7 44% 38 30.02 0.0
28 12:35 SW 10 10.00 Fair CLR 41.7 21.2 44% 36 30.02 0.0
28 12:15 SW 13 10.00 Fair CLR 41.2 20.5 44% 35 30.02 0.0
28 11:55 SW 15 10.00 Fair CLR 40.5 20.8 45% 33 30.02 0.0
28 11:35 SW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 39.7 20.5 46% 33 30.03 0.0
28 11:15 SW 15 10.00 Fair CLR 39.2 19.9 46% 31 30.04 0.0
28 10:55 SW 16 G 26 10.00 Fair CLR 39 19.4 45% 31 30.05 0.0
28 10:35 SW 16 10.00 Fair CLR 38.5 19.8 47% 30 30.05 0.0
28 10:15 S 17 10.00 Fair CLR 36.5 21 53% 27 30.06 0.0
28 09:55 S 12 10.00 Fair CLR 32.7 21 62% 25 30.07 0.0
28 09:35 S 14 9.00 Fair CLR 31.8 21.4 65% 23 30.08 0.0
28 09:15 S 17 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 30.6 20.7 67% 20 30.08 0.0
28 08:55 S 18 9.00 Overcast BKN090 OVC120 28.6 20.1 71% 17 30.08 0.0
28 08:35 S 14 8.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN130 25.7 19 76% 15 30.1 0.0
28 08:15 S 13 9.00 A Few Clouds FEW100 23.5 18 79% 13 30.13 0.0
28 07:55 S 9 9.00 Partly Cloudy SCT090 22.6 17.6 81% 13 30.15 0.0
28 07:35 SE 9 9.00 Fair CLR 21.6 16.9 82% 12 30.17 0.0
28 07:15 S 9 9.00 Fair CLR 21.4 16.7 82% 12 30.18 0.0
28 06:55 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 19.8 16.5 20.3 18.7 87% 9 30.19 0.0
28 06:35 SE 10 10.00 Fair CLR 19.9 16.2 85% 9 30.2 0.0
28 06:15 SE 8 10.00 Fair CLR 19.8 16.3 87% 11 30.22 0.0
28 05:55 SE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 19 16 88% 12 30.24 0.0
28 05:35 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 19 15.8 87% 11 30.25 0.0
28 05:15 SE 6 10.00 Fair CLR 19.4 15.8 86% 12 30.27 0.0
28 04:55 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 19.6 15.8 85% 11 30.28 0.0
28 04:35 SE 7 10.00 Fair CLR 19.6 16 86% 11 30.29 0.0
28 04:15 S 7 10.00 Fair CLR 19.4 15.6 85% 11 30.3 0.0
28 03:55 S 7 10.00 Fair CLR 19 15.3 85% 11 30.31 0.0
28 03:35 S 8 10.00 Fair CLR 18.7 15.3 86% 9 30.33 0.0
28 03:15 S 9 10.00 Fair CLR 18.9 15.3 86% 9 30.34 0.0
28 02:55 S 8 10.00 Fair CLR 18.9 14.9 84% 10 30.36 0.0
28 02:35 S 9 10.00 Fair CLR 19 15.3 85% 9 30.36 0.0
28 02:15 S 9 10.00 Fair CLR 19 15.1 84% 9 30.38 0.0
28 01:55 S 9 10.00 Fair CLR 18.9 15.1 85% 9 30.39 0.0
28 01:35 S 9 10.00 Fair CLR 18.9 14.7 84% 9 30.4 0.0
28 01:15 S 9 10.00 Fair CLR 18.9 14.2 82% 9 30.41 0.0
28 00:55 S 8 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN160 19.2 14.2 22.1 18.7 81% 10 30.44 0.0
28 00:35 SW 8 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT160 19.2 14.4 81% 10 30.45 0.0
28 00:15 S 7 10.00 Fair CLR 19 14.9 84% 11 30.46 0.0
27 23:55 SW 9 10.00 Fair CLR 19.4 14.9 83% 10 30.47 0.0
27 23:35 SW 7 10.00 Fair CLR 19.2 14.9 83% 11 30.47 0.0
27 23:15 SW 6 10.00 Fair CLR 19.4 14.5 81% 12 30.48 0.0
27 22:55 SW 6 10.00 Fair CLR 18.9 14 81% 12 30.49 0.0
27 22:35 SW 6 10.00 Fair CLR 19.2 13.5 78% 12 30.49 0.0
27 22:15 SW 6 10.00 Fair CLR 19.8 12.6 73% 13 30.5 0.0
27 21:55 W 5 10.00 Fair CLR 19.6 11.3 70% 14 30.51 0.0
27 21:35 W 7 10.00 Fair CLR 19.9 11.1 68% 12 30.51 0.0
27 21:15 W 8 10.00 Fair CLR 20.3 10.8 66% 11 30.52 0.0
27 20:55 W 9 10.00 Fair CLR 20.5 9.9 63% 11 30.52 0.0
27 20:35 W 10 10.00 Fair CLR 20.8 9.7 62% 11 30.53 0.0
27 20:15 W 10 9.00 Fair CLR 20.8 9.1 60% 11 30.53 0.0
27 19:55 W 12 10.00 Fair CLR 21 8.4 58% 10 30.54 0.0
27 19:35 W 10 9.00 Fair CLR 21.6 9.5 60% 11 30.54 0.0
27 19:15 W 13 9.00 A Few Clouds FEW035 21.9 9.3 58% 11 30.54 0.0
27 18:55 W 12 9.00 Fair CLR 22.1 9 22.6 19.4 57% 11 30.55 0.0
27 18:35 W 15 10.00 Fair CLR 21.9 8.2 55% 10 30.55 0.0
27 18:15 W 14 9.00 Fair CLR 22.1 7.7 54% 10 30.55 0.0
27 17:55 W 15 G 22 9.00 Fair CLR 21.9 8.1 55% 10 30.56 0.0
27 17:35 W 16 9.00 A Few Clouds FEW034 22.5 9 56% 10 30.56 0.0
27 17:15 W 17 9.00 A Few Clouds FEW035 22.1 8.4 55% 9 30.56 0.0
27 16:55 NW 16 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW036 21.9 8.2 55% 9 30.57 0.0
27 16:35 NW 16 9.00 Fair CLR 22.5 8.6 55% 10 30.56 0.0
27 16:15 W 15 G 23 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT039 22.1 8.1 55% 10 30.57 0.0
27 15:55 W 14 G 24 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW041 22.3 7.5 53% 11 30.57 0.0
27 15:35 W 17 G 24 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW041 22.6 8.1 53% 10 30.57 0.0
27 15:15 W 18 G 24 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT040 22.3 7.3 52% 9 30.57 0.0
27 14:55 W 17 G 22 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW039 22.1 6.8 52% 9 30.57 0.0
27 14:35 NW 16 G 22 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT037 21.9 7.3 53% 9 30.56 0.0
27 14:15 NW 16 G 22 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT035 21.2 7.5 55% 8 30.57 0.0
27 13:55 W 18 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN032 20.3 7 56% 6 30.57 0.0
27 13:35 NW 16 G 22 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN029 BKN037 19.9 9.3 63% 7 30.57 0.0
27 13:15 NW 18 G 23 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT025 BKN035 19.6 9.3 64% 5 30.57 0.0
27 12:55 NW 16 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN027 BKN032 19.2 9.9 19.2 12.6 67% 6 30.57 0.0
27 12:35 NW 20 G 24 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN027 BKN033 18.9 9.1 66% 4 30.58 0.0
27 12:15 W 16 9.00 Light Snow FEW022 OVC033 19 9.5 66% 5 30.58 0.0
27 11:55 W 16 2.50 Light Snow FEW019 BKN029 OVC034 18.7 11.8 75% 5 30.58 0.0
27 11:35 W 14 6.00 Light Snow SCT019 BKN029 OVC037 18.3 10.4 71% 6 30.58 0.0
27 11:15 W 12 7.00 Light Snow SCT018 OVC026 18 9.9 70% 6 30.58 0.0
27 10:55 NW 8 5.00 Light Snow FEW009 SCT015 BKN021 OVC036 17.6 10.9 75% 8 30.57 0.0
27 10:35 W 8 4.00 Light Snow FEW009 BKN016 BKN024 OVC055 16.3 10.2 77% 7 30.57 0.0
27 10:15 W 8 5.00 Light Snow SCT018 BKN025 BKN047 OVC060 16.5 10 75% 7 30.57 0.0
27 09:55 W 8 5.00 Light Snow FEW014 SCT020 SCT037 BKN045 OVC055 15.8 8.8 74% 6 30.57 0.0
27 09:35 W 8 9.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN044 BKN100 15.3 7.7 72% 5 30.56 0.0
27 09:15 W 8 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT047 SCT100 15.3 8.1 73% 5 30.56 0.0
27 08:55 W 7 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW035 13.8 8.1 78% 5 30.55 0.0
27 08:35 NW 7 9.00 Partly Cloudy SCT100 13.3 7.5 78% 4 30.54 0.0
27 08:15 NW 8 9.00 Overcast OVC100 13.3 7.9 79% 3 30.54 0.0
27 07:55 NW 12 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW120 12.6 7.9 81% -0 30.55 0.0
27 07:35 NW 13 10.00 Fair CLR 12.6 7.9 81% -1 30.55 0.0
27 07:15 NW 9 10.00 Fair CLR 12.7 8.4 83% 1 30.53 0.0
27 06:55 NW 12 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW014 13.1 8.6 16.5 13.1 82% 0 30.53 0.0
27 06:35 NW 12 10.00 Partly Cloudy FEW014 SCT021 13.6 9.3 83% 1 30.52 0.0
27 06:15 NW 9 9.00 Light Snow SCT009 BKN014 OVC021 13.8 9.5 83% 3 30.51 0.0
27 05:55 NW 14 5.00 Light Snow SCT010 BKN021 OVC032 14.2 9.1 80% 0 30.5 0.0
27 05:35 NW 8 4.00 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT011 OVC024 14.7 11.1 86% 5 30.5 0.0
27 05:15 NW 6 5.00 Overcast with Haze FEW011 BKN027 OVC046 14.4 10.4 84% 6 30.49 0.0
27 04:55 NW 6 6.00 Light Snow OVC026 14.5 9.9 82% 7 30.48 0.0
27 04:35 NW 9 5.00 Light Snow BKN025 OVC037 14.7 9.3 79% 4 30.48 0.0
27 04:15 N 9 8.00 Light Snow SCT025 BKN036 OVC046 15.1 7.3 71% 4 30.48 0.0
27 03:55 NW 12 8.00 Light Snow SCT027 OVC045 15.6 5.5 64% 3 30.47 0.0
27 03:35 NW 12 10.00 Overcast SCT030 BKN043 OVC060 16 3.2 57% 4 30.47 0.0
27 03:15 NW 8 10.00 Overcast FEW026 SCT043 OVC060 16 3.2 57% 6 30.45 0.0
27 02:55 N 8 10.00 Overcast SCT043 OVC060 15.8 2.1 54% 6 30.44 0.0
27 02:35 N 7 10.00 Overcast FEW027 SCT038 BKN047 OVC055 15.8 0.5 51% 7 30.44 0.0
27 02:15 N 7 10.00 Overcast FEW037 OVC055 16.2 1.9 53% 7 30.44 0.0
27 01:55 N 7 10.00 Overcast BKN060 OVC075 16 1.4 52% 7 30.44 0.0
27 01:35 N 10 10.00 Overcast BKN060 OVC080 16 1.8 53% 5 30.43 0.0
27 01:15 NW 8 10.00 Overcast OVC070 16 2.3 54% 6 30.44 0.0
27 00:55 N 13 10.00 Overcast BKN075 BKN095 OVC120 16.2 3 26.4 16 56% 3 30.44 0.0
27 00:35 N 10 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 BKN130 16.3 3.4 56% 5 30.43 0.0
27 00:15 NW 12 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW120 16.2 4.6 60% 4 30.44 0.0
26 23:55 NW 13 10.00 Fair CLR 16.2 4.3 59% 3 30.44 0.0
26 23:35 N 12 10.00 Fair CLR 16.7 4.8 59% 5 30.44 0.0
26 23:15 NW 14 10.00 Fair CLR 17.1 5.2 59% 4 30.43 0.0
26 22:55 N 14 10.00 Fair CLR 17.6 4.6 57% 5 30.42 0.0
26 22:35 N 13 10.00 Fair CLR 18.3 6.4 60% 6 30.42 0.0
26 22:15 N 12 10.00 Fair CLR 19.2 7 59% 8 30.41 0.0
26 21:55 NW 12 10.00 Fair CLR 19.8 7.3 58% 9 30.4 0.0
26 21:35 NW 9 10.00 Fair CLR 20.3 8.1 59% 11 30.4 0.0
26 21:15 NW 12 10.00 Fair CLR 21.2 9.9 61% 10 30.39 0.0
26 20:55 NW 12 10.00 Fair CLR 21.9 9.7 59% 11 30.38 0.0
26 20:35 NW 13 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW160 22.3 10.4 60% 11 30.38 0.0
26 20:15 NW 15 10.00 Fair CLR 22.8 11.5 62% 11 30.37 0.0
26 19:55 N 9 10.00 Fair CLR 25.3 10.6 53% 17 30.36 0.0
26 19:35 N 7 10.00 Fair CLR 26.1 9 48% 19 30.34 0.0
26 19:15 N 7 10.00 Fair CLR 26.4 7.5 45% 20 30.34 0.0
26 18:55 N 8 10.00 Fair CLR 26.8 7.5 28.4 24.3 44% 19 30.32 0.0
26 18:35 N 9 10.00 Fair CLR 26.2 6.1 42% 18 30.32 0.0
26 18:15 N 13 10.00 Fair CLR 26.4 6.3 42% 16 30.32 0.0
26 17:55 N 12 10.00 Fair CLR 27.5 9.1 46% 18 30.31 0.0
26 17:35 N 8 10.00 Fair CLR 27.3 8.6 45% 20 30.31 0.0
26 17:15 N 13 10.00 Fair CLR 27.1 7.2 43% 17 30.3 0.0
26 16:55 N 10 10.00 Fair CLR 27.5 9.5 47% 19 30.29 0.0
26 16:35 N 10 10.00 Fair CLR 28.4 13.3 53% 20 30.28 0.0
26 16:15 N 13 9.00 Fair CLR 28 11.8 51% 18 30.28 0.0
26 15:55 NW 10 G 18 10.00 Fair CLR 28 12.9 53% 19 30.27 0.0
26 15:35 N 12 9.00 Fair CLR 27.9 13.6 55% 19 30.27 0.0
26 15:15 N 14 10.00 Fair CLR 27.3 13.5 56% 17 30.26 0.0
26 14:55 N 15 10.00 Fair CLR 27.3 14.2 58% 16 30.25 0.0
26 14:35 N 12 10.00 Fair CLR 26.6 13.5 58% 17 30.25 0.0
26 14:15 NW 9 10.00 Fair CLR 26.4 15.8 64% 18 30.25 0.0
26 13:55 N 14 G 21 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW033 25.9 14.9 63% 15 30.26 0.0
26 13:35 N 14 G 18 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW030 25.5 14.9 64% 15 30.25 0.0
26 13:15 N 15 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW029 24.8 15.8 69% 13 30.24 0.0
26 12:55 N 17 10.00 Fair CLR 24.4 16.3 24.6 19 71% 12 30.23 0.0
26 12:35 N 17 G 24 10.00 Fair CLR 24.4 17.4 75% 12 30.22 0.0
26 12:15 N 13 10.00 Fair CLR 23.5 17.8 79% 13 30.21 0.0
26 11:55 N 17 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW018 22.8 17.8 81% 10 30.21 0.0
26 11:35 N 17 10.00 A Few Clouds FEW017 22.1 16.7 80% 9 30.21 0.0
26 11:15 N 21 G 24 10.00 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN014 22.1 17.1 81% 8 30.21 0.0
26 10:55 N 15 10.00 Overcast OVC014 21.7 17.8 85% 9 30.19 0.0
26 10:35 N 13 10.00 Mostly Cloudy BKN013 21.7 17.6 84% 10 30.19 0.0
26 10:15 N 18 10.00 Mostly Cloudy SCT012 BKN017 20.3 16.9 87% 6 30.18 0.0
26 09:55 N 16 10.00 Partly Cloudy SCT012 19.9 16.7 87% 7 30.16 0.0
26 09:35 N 18 10.00 Overcast OVC012 19 16.3 89% 5 30.16 0.0
26 09:15 N 18 10.00 Overcast OVC009 19.8 17.6 91% 5 30.13 0.0
26 08:55 N 16 10.00 Overcast OVC010 20.7 18.7 92% 8 30.11 0.0
26 08:35 N 20 7.00 Overcast OVC010 21 18.7 91% 7 30.1 0.0
26 08:15 N 18 7.00 Light Snow OVC010 22.6 20.7 92% 9 30.08 0.0
26 07:55 N 15 10.00 Overcast OVC009 22.6 20.1 90% 11 30.05 0.0
26 07:35 N 21 9.00 Overcast and Breezy OVC009 22.8 20.8 92% 9 30.04 0.0
26 07:15 N 17 10.00 Overcast OVC008 23.7 22.3 94% 11 30.03 0.0
26 06:55 N 18 10.00 Overcast OVC007 24.3 22.8 32 24.3 94% 11 30.01 0.0
26 06:35 N 15 10.00 Overcast OVC007 24.6 23.4 95% 13 30.02 0.0
26 06:15 N 18 10.00 Overcast OVC008 25.5 24.4 96% 13 30.01 0.0
26 05:55 N 18 10.00 Overcast OVC009 26.8 25 93% 15 29.99 0.0
26 05:35 N 14 9.00 Overcast OVC009 27.3 25.9 94% 17 29.97 0.0
26 05:15 N 16 9.00 Overcast OVC008 27.7 25.9 93% 16 29.94 0.0
26 04:55 N 12 7.00 Unknown Precip OVC007 28.4 27.3 96% 19 29.93 0.0
26 04:35 N 13 10.00 Overcast OVC008 28.6 27.3 95% 19 29.9 0.0
26 04:15 N 14 8.00 Overcast BKN007 OVC011 28.8 28 97% 19 29.89 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (mph) Vis. (mi.) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°F) Heat Index (°F) altimeter (in) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºF) Pressure Precipitation (in)