Weather observations for the past three days for
Litchfield Municipal Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
29 13:55 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 30.8 24.3 68% 37 76.15 0.0
29 13:35 S 22 G 33 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT024 30.6 24.3 69% 36 76.15 0.0
29 13:15 S 24 G 31 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT024 30.5 24.6 71% 36 76.17 0.0
29 12:55 S 20 G 31 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT024 29.9 24.4 30.2 23.6 72% 35 76.2 0.0
29 12:35 S 20 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT022 30 24.6 73% 36 76.2 0.0
29 11:55 S 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT020 29.6 24.4 74% 35 76.23 0.0
29 11:35 S 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT020 29.1 24.3 75% 34 76.23 0.0
29 11:15 S 13 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT021 29.1 24.4 76% 34 76.23 0.0
29 10:55 S 22 G 28 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT019 28.9 24.5 77% 34 76.2 0.0
29 10:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT017 28.2 24.3 79% 33 76.2 0.0
29 10:15 S 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT015 28 24.5 81% 32 76.23 0.0
29 09:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT013 27.5 24.4 83% 31 76.23 0.0
29 09:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 27.1 24.2 84% 30 76.23 0.0
29 09:15 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27 24.1 84% 30 76.23 0.0
29 08:55 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 26.7 23.8 84% 29 76.23 0.0
29 08:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 24 86% 29 76.23 0.0
29 08:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 26 23.9 88% 28 76.23 0.0
29 07:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25.3 23.6 90% 26 76.23 0.0
29 07:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 24.7 23.4 93% 25 76.23 0.0
29 07:15 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 24.1 23.1 94% 23 76.23 0.0
29 06:55 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23.7 23 24.6 22.7 96% 76.2 0.0
29 06:35 SE 11 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 23.2 22.8 98% 76.2 0.0
29 06:15 NE 11 6.44 Fog/Mist CLR 23 22.5 97% 76.17 0.0
29 05:55 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist CLR 22.8 22.4 98% 76.15 0.0
29 05:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 22.8 22.3 97% 76.12 0.0
29 05:15 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23 22.5 97% 76.1 0.0
29 04:55 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23 22.5 97% 76.1 0.0
29 04:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23 22.4 96% 76.1 0.0
29 04:15 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23.1 22.5 96% 76.07 0.0
29 03:55 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23 22.3 96% 76.07 0.0
29 03:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23.1 22.3 95% 76.05 0.0
29 03:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 22.5 94% 76.05 0.0
29 02:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.6 22.5 94% 76.02 0.0
29 02:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.8 22.7 94% 76 0.0
29 02:15 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 24 22.8 93% 23 75.97 0.0
29 01:55 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 22.8 92% 24 75.95 0.0
29 01:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.3 22.7 91% 24 75.95 0.0
29 01:15 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 22.9 91% 25 75.95 0.0
29 00:55 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 22.9 30.2 24.5 91% 25 75.95 0.0
29 00:35 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 24.6 22.9 90% 25 75.95 0.0
29 00:15 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 22.9 91% 25 75.97 0.0
28 23:55 S 20 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 23 90% 25 75.97 0.0
28 23:35 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 25 23 89% 26 75.97 0.0
28 23:15 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 25.3 23 87% 26 75.97 0.0
28 22:55 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 25.6 23 86% 27 76 0.0
28 22:35 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 26 23 84% 28 75.97 0.0
28 22:15 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 26.2 23 83% 28 75.97 0.0
28 21:55 S 20 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 26.6 23 81% 29 75.97 0.0
28 21:35 S 19 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 27 23.1 79% 30 75.95 0.0
28 21:15 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 23.4 80% 30 75.95 0.0
28 20:55 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27.5 23.3 78% 31 75.92 0.0
28 20:35 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 28 23.5 77% 32 75.92 0.0
28 20:15 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 28.5 23.5 74% 32 75.9 0.0
28 19:55 S 17 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 28.9 23.6 73% 33 75.9 0.0
28 19:35 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 29.5 23.5 70% 34 75.87 0.0
28 19:15 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 30 23.2 67% 34 75.87 0.0
28 18:55 S 26 16.09 Fair CLR 30.2 23.6 31.8 29.8 68% 35 75.87 0.0
28 18:35 S 20 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 30.6 23.9 67% 36 75.87 0.0
28 18:15 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 31 23.2 63% 36 75.87 0.0
28 17:55 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 31.2 24 66% 37 75.9 0.0
28 17:35 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 31.5 23.8 64% 37 75.9 0.0
28 17:15 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 31.7 23.3 61% 37 75.92 0.0
28 16:55 S 20 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 31.7 23.5 62% 37 75.92 0.0
28 16:35 SE 20 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT036 SCT044 SCT060 31.4 23.6 63% 37 75.92 0.0
28 16:15 S 19 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT036 SCT044 SCT050 31.4 24.2 66% 37 75.92 0.0
28 15:55 S 17 G 28 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT038 SCT047 SCT050 31.1 24.2 67% 37 75.95 0.0
28 15:35 S 19 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT034 SCT041 SCT050 31.5 23.5 63% 37 75.95 0.0
28 15:15 S 20 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT034 SCT040 BKN048 31.2 23.4 63% 36 75.95 0.0
28 14:55 S 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT030 SCT035 BKN042 31.4 24.1 65% 37 75.95 0.0
28 14:35 S 22 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN030 BKN037 BKN049 31.1 23.3 63% 36 75.95 0.0
28 14:15 SE 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN028 BKN035 BKN047 30.9 24.1 67% 36 75.95 0.0
28 13:55 SE 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN026 BKN032 30.9 24.6 69% 37 75.95 0.0
28 13:35 S 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT026 SCT033 SCT050 30.6 24.1 68% 36 75.95 0.0
28 13:15 S 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT024 SCT033 BKN055 30.3 24.2 70% 36 75.95 0.0
28 12:35 SE 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT022 BKN030 BKN060 29.7 24.1 72% 35 75.97 0.0
28 12:15 S 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN022 29.6 23.8 71% 34 75.95 0.0
28 11:55 SE 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN020 29.3 24 73% 34 75.95 0.0
28 11:35 S 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN018 28.9 24 75% 33 75.97 0.0
28 11:15 S 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT016 28.6 24.2 77% 33 75.95 0.0
28 10:55 SE 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT016 28.3 23.9 77% 32 75.95 0.0
28 10:35 S 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN016 28 24 79% 32 75.97 0.0
28 10:15 SE 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT014 27.9 24.1 80% 32 75.97 0.0
28 09:55 S 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT014 27.7 24.3 82% 32 75.97 0.0 0.08
28 09:35 S 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT012 27 24 84% 30 76 0.0
28 09:15 SE 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT010 26.5 23.9 86% 29 76 0.0
28 08:55 S 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT010 26.1 23.7 87% 28 76 0.0 0.03
28 08:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25.4 24 92% 27 75.97 0.0 0.03
28 08:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 24.8 23.7 94% 25 75.97 0.0 0.03
28 07:55 S 7 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT047 SCT060 24 23.4 96% 23 75.97 0.0 0.05
28 07:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23.3 23 98% 75.97 0.0 0.05
28 07:15 S 6 11.27 Mostly Cloudy SCT020 SCT035 BKN050 23 22.6 98% 75.97 0.0 0.03
28 06:55 Calm 11.27 Overcast OVC020 22.6 22.4 22.7 21.6 99% 75.97 0.0 0.05 0.13
28 06:35 SE 6 11.27 Overcast OVC020 22.5 22.2 98% 75.97 0.0 0.05
28 06:15 SE 6 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC020 22.5 22.1 98% 75.97 0.0 0.03
28 05:55 SE 6 8.05 Light Rain OVC020 22.4 22.1 98% 75.97 0.0 0.05
28 05:35 SE 6 8.05 Rain OVC020 22.3 22 98% 75.97 0.0
28 05:15 SE 6 11.27 Overcast BKN024 OVC032 22.5 22.1 98% 75.95 0.0
28 04:55 Calm 11.27 Overcast SCT024 BKN030 OVC047 22.4 22 98% 75.95 0.0
28 04:35 Calm 11.27 Light Rain BKN026 BKN034 OVC039 22.1 21.9 99% 75.95 0.0
28 04:15 Calm 11.27 Overcast BKN035 OVC040 21.9 21.6 98% 75.95 0.0
28 03:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC035 22 21.6 98% 75.95 0.0
28 03:35 Calm 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT037 21.7 21.5 99% 75.95 0.0
28 03:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT037 21.8 21.5 98% 75.92 0.0
28 02:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 21.7 21.5 99% 75.95 0.0
28 02:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT039 SCT050 21.8 21.5 98% 75.95 0.0
28 02:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT041 SCT050 21.8 21.5 98% 75.95 0.0
28 01:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22 21.6 98% 75.95 0.0
28 01:35 S 6 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT043 22 21.6 98% 75.97 0.0
28 01:15 S 6 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN041 21.8 21.5 98% 75.97 0.0
28 00:55 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT003 SCT043 22 21.6 25.3 21.8 98% 75.97 0.0
28 00:35 S 6 0.80 Fog SCT003 21.9 21.5 98% 75.97 0.0
28 00:15 Calm 4.02 Fog/Mist CLR 22.5 22.2 98% 75.97 0.0
27 23:55 Calm 3.22 Fog/Mist CLR 22.8 22.5 98% 75.97 0.0
27 23:35 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT034 22.7 22.5 99% 75.97 0.0
27 23:15 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT034 22.9 22.6 98% 75.97 0.0
27 22:55 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 23 22.6 98% 75.97 0.0
27 22:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23.3 23 98% 76 0.0
27 22:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 23 98% 75.97 0.0
27 21:55 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 23.4 23 98% 76 0.0
27 21:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.6 23.1 97% 76 0.0
27 21:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.8 23.3 97% 75.97 0.0
27 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 24 23.5 97% 23 75.95 0.0
27 20:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 24.2 23.4 95% 24 75.97 0.0
27 20:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT032 SCT046 24.4 23.6 95% 24 75.97 0.0
27 19:55 SW 6 16.09 Light Rain SCT034 SCT041 BKN048 24.5 23.3 93% 24 75.97 0.0
27 19:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT039 BKN048 BKN110 24.7 23.2 91% 25 75.97 0.0
27 19:15 S 6 16.09 Light Rain SCT100 24.9 23.1 90% 25 75.95 0.0
27 18:55 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 25.3 22.8 28.2 25.2 86% 26 75.95 0.0
27 18:35 S 11 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 25.6 23.5 88% 27 75.95 0.0
27 18:15 S 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT020 SCT027 26 23.4 86% 28 75.95 0.0
27 17:55 S 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT020 SCT095 26.8 23 80% 29 75.95 0.0
27 17:35 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 27.6 22.3 73% 30 75.92 0.0
27 17:15 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 28.2 22.2 70% 31 75.92 0.0
27 16:55 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 27.9 22.8 74% 31 75.95 0.0
27 16:35 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 22.4 78% 29 75.97 0.0
27 16:15 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 26.8 23 80% 29 75.95 0.0
27 15:55 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 23.1 82% 29 75.95 0.0
27 15:35 SW 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT038 SCT047 SCT055 25.5 22.5 84% 27 75.95 0.0
27 15:15 S 15 16.09 Overcast SCT034 BKN040 OVC046 25.5 22.5 84% 27 75.97 0.0
27 14:55 S 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT025 SCT034 BKN041 27.1 22.3 75% 29 76 0.0
27 14:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN025 27.5 21.9 72% 30 76 0.0
27 14:15 W 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN025 BKN036 27.5 21.8 71% 30 76 0.0
27 13:55 W 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT022 SCT028 SCT085 27.5 21.8 71% 30 75.97 0.0
27 13:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT017 BKN039 BKN085 27.3 21.5 71% 29 75.97 0.0
27 13:15 Calm 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT017 SCT026 OVC038 27 22.1 75% 29 76 0.0
27 12:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT014 BKN037 OVC060 26 22 26.4 22.1 79% 28 76.02 0.0
27 12:35 Calm 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT014 OVC035 26.3 22.3 79% 28 76.02 0.0
27 12:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT014 BKN019 OVC033 25.5 22.2 82% 27 76.05 0.0
27 11:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT012 BKN019 OVC039 25.3 22.5 85% 26 76.07 0.0
27 11:35 SW 6 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity OVC014 24.8 22.4 87% 25 76.1 0.0
27 11:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN013 OVC019 24.8 22.5 87% 25 76.1 0.0
27 10:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN013 OVC019 24.8 22.4 87% 25 76.07 0.0
27 10:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN009 OVC013 24.6 22.4 88% 25 76.05 0.0
27 10:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC009 24.6 22.7 89% 25 76.05 0.0
27 09:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC009 24.2 22.4 90% 24 76.02 0.0
27 09:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC009 23.9 22.3 91% 23 76.02 0.0
27 09:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC007 23.3 22.7 96% 76.02 0.0
27 08:55 N 6 16.09 Overcast OVC007 23 22.8 99% 76.02 0.0
27 08:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC009 22.8 22.5 98% 76.05 0.0
27 08:15 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist BKN005 OVC009 22.7 22.4 98% 76.07 0.0
27 07:55 Calm 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC005 22.6 22.2 98% 76.07 0.0
27 07:35 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist BKN003 OVC007 22.5 22 97% 76.05 0.0
27 07:15 Calm 0.80 Fog OVC003 22.2 21.8 98% 76.05 0.0
27 06:55 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC003 22.2 21.8 22.2 21.8 98% 76.05 0.0
27 06:35 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC003 22 21.6 98% 76.05 0.0
27 06:15 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC003 22 21.6 98% 76.05 0.0
27 05:55 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC003 22 21.6 98% 76.02 0.0
27 05:35 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC003 21.9 21.6 98% 76.02 0.0
27 05:15 S 6 0.80 Fog OVC003 21.9 21.5 98% 76.05 0.0
27 04:55 Calm 1.21 Fog/Mist OVC003 21.9 21.5 98% 76.02 0.0
27 04:35 Calm 1.21 Fog/Mist OVC003 22 21.6 98% 76 0.0
27 04:15 Calm 1.21 Fog/Mist OVC003 22 21.6 98% 76 0.0
27 03:55 Calm 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 22 21.6 98% 76 0.0
27 03:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 22 21.5 97% 75.97 0.0
27 03:15 Calm 11.27 Overcast OVC005 22 21.5 97% 75.97 0.0
27 02:55 Calm 11.27 Overcast OVC005 22 21.5 97% 75.97 0.0
27 02:35 Calm 11.27 Overcast OVC007 22 21.5 97% 75.97 0.0
27 02:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC007 22 21.5 97% 76 0.0
27 01:55 SE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC007 22 21.5 97% 76 0.0
27 01:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC007 22 21.5 97% 76 0.0
27 01:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC009 21.9 21.4 97% 76.02 0.0
27 00:55 SE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC011 21.9 21.4 22.2 21.8 97% 76.02 0.0 0.03 0.28
27 00:35 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC009 21.9 21.5 98% 76.02 0.0 0.03
27 00:15 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC011 21.9 21.5 98% 76.05 0.0 0.03
26 23:55 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC011 22 21.5 97% 76.05 0.0 0.03
26 23:35 Calm 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity OVC013 21.9 21.5 98% 76.07 0.0 0.03
26 23:15 SE 7 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN013 BKN018 OVC025 22 21.5 97% 76.05 0.0
26 22:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT018 BKN025 OVC070 22 21.5 97% 76.05 0.0 0.05
26 22:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC020 22 21.6 98% 76.07 0.0 0.03
26 22:15 SE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC018 22 21.5 97% 76.07 0.0 0.03
26 21:55 SE 7 16.09 Overcast SCT006 OVC018 22 21.5 97% 76.05 0.0 0.05 0.18
26 21:35 SE 7 16.09 Overcast BKN006 BKN060 OVC090 22 21.6 98% 76.05 0.0 0.03
26 21:15 SE 9 16.09 Overcast BKN006 OVC013 22.2 21.8 98% 76.05 0.0 0.03
26 20:55 SE 6 11.27 Light Drizzle SCT006 OVC013 22.1 21.7 98% 76.05 0.0 0.05
26 20:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT006 SCT011 OVC016 22 21.5 97% 76.05 0.0 0.03
26 20:15 E 6 16.09 Overcast SCT005 OVC013 22 21.5 97% 76.05 0.0
26 19:55 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC013 22.1 21.6 97% 76.05 0.0 0.08
26 19:35 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC013 22 21.5 97% 76.05 0.0 0.05
26 19:15 E 6 16.09 Overcast SCT007 OVC013 22 21.5 97% 76.07 0.0 0.03
26 18:55 E 9 16.09 Overcast BKN007 OVC013 22.1 21.4 24 21.2 96% 76.05 0.0 0.28 0.97
26 18:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast OVC007 22.2 21.5 96% 76.05 0.0 0.23
26 18:15 NE 6 16.09 Light Rain BKN009 BKN035 OVC050 22.5 21.6 95% 76.05 0.0 0.1
26 17:55 Calm 16.09 Rain SCT013 BKN035 OVC050 21.9 21.2 96% 76.05 0.0 0.64
26 17:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT015 SCT020 OVC031 21.6 21.1 97% 76.07 0.0 0.43
26 17:15 W 6 1.21 Heavy Rain BKN010 OVC018 21.2 20.6 96% 76.1 0.0 0.18
26 16:55 SE 7 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT011 BKN034 OVC041 23.6 21.9 90% 76.05 0.0
26 16:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT011 BKN028 OVC034 24 21.5 86% 24 76.05 0.0
26 16:15 SE 7 16.09 Overcast SCT009 BKN013 OVC026 23.7 21.5 88% 76.07 0.0
26 15:55 SE 7 11.27 Overcast OVC009 23.6 21.6 89% 76.1 0.0 0.03
26 15:35 SE 6 11.27 Overcast BKN007 OVC012 23.3 21.6 90% 76.1 0.0
26 14:55 E 6 11.27 Overcast BKN005 BKN010 OVC016 23 21.6 92% 76.1 0.0
26 14:35 E 9 11.27 Overcast SCT007 OVC014 22.3 21.5 95% 76.1 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)