National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Robert R Wells Jr Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cst) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
25 05:35 Calm 1.61 Fog/Mist VV007 14.8 14.8 100% 76.02 0.0
25 05:15 Calm 2.01 Fog/Mist VV007 14.6 14.6 100% 76 0.0
25 04:55 Calm 2.82 Fog/Mist SCT001 15.3 15.3 100% 76 0.0
25 04:35 Calm 0.80 Fog OVC001 15.3 15.3 100% 76 0.0
25 04:15 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC001 15.7 15.7 100% 76 0.0
25 03:55 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC001 16 16 100% 76 0.0
25 03:35 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC001 16.3 16.3 100% 76 0.0
25 03:15 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC001 16.5 16.5 100% 76 0.0
25 02:55 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC001 16.6 16.6 100% 76 0.0 0.03
25 02:35 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC001 17 17 100% 76 0.0
25 02:15 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC001 17.3 17.3 100% 76 0.0
25 01:55 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC001 17.5 17.5 100% 76 0.0 0.03
25 01:35 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC001 17.6 17.6 100% 76 0.0
25 01:15 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC001 18 18 100% 76 0.0
25 00:55 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC001 18.4 18.4 100% 76 0.0
25 00:35 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC001 18.5 18.5 100% 76 0.0
25 00:15 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC001 18.8 18.8 100% 76 0.0
24 23:55 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC001 19.3 19.3 22.8 19 100% 76 0.0
24 23:35 Calm 1.61 Fog/Mist BKN003 BKN031 OVC050 19.1 19.1 100% 76.02 0.0
24 23:15 Calm 4.83 Fog/Mist SCT031 BKN050 19.4 19.4 100% 76.02 0.0
24 22:55 Calm 0.24 Fog VV000 19.5 19.5 100% 76 0.0
24 22:35 Calm 2.82 Fog/Mist VV007 19.1 19.1 100% 76 0.0
24 22:15 Calm 2.01 Fog/Mist VV007 19.7 19.6 99% 76 0.0
24 21:55 Calm 4.83 Fog/Mist CLR 20.2 20.1 99% 76 0.0
24 21:35 Calm 0.80 Fog VV005 20.5 20.2 98% 75.97 0.0
24 21:15 Calm 1.61 Fog/Mist VV007 20.8 20.6 99% 75.97 0.0
24 20:55 Calm 0.40 Fog BKN034 21.2 21 99% 75.95 0.0
24 20:35 Calm 0.24 Fog OVC034 21.5 21.3 99% 75.92 0.0
24 20:15 Calm 1.21 Fog/Mist BKN034 OVC040 21.5 21.5 100% 75.92 0.0
24 19:55 Calm 1.21 Fog/Mist OVC040 21.9 21.5 98% 75.92 0.0
24 19:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT034 OVC040 22 21.7 98% 75.9 0.0
24 19:15 Calm 0.40 Thunderstorm in Vicinity Fog OVC036 22.1 21.8 98% 75.87 0.0
24 18:55 Calm 4.02 Thunderstorm in Vicinity Fog/Mist SCT020 SCT036 OVC050 22.5 21.8 96% 75.84 0.0
24 18:35 Calm 0.40 Fog OVC018 22.6 21.8 95% 75.84 0.0
24 18:15 SW 6 4.83 Thunderstorm Fog/Mist SCT008 BKN016 OVC034 22.6 21.8 95% 75.84 0.0
24 17:55 SW 9 11.27 Thunderstorm OVC033 22.6 21.8 28.1 22.1 95% 75.79 0.0 0.03 0.13
24 17:35 SW 6 6.44 Thunderstorm Fog/Mist SCT019 BKN028 OVC033 22.6 21.8 95% 75.79 0.0 0.03
24 17:15 W 7 6.44 Rain SCT024 BKN028 OVC046 22.5 22 97% 75.82 0.0
24 16:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT035 OVC046 22.7 21.8 95% 75.79 0.0 0.05
24 16:35 S 6 11.27 Overcast BKN035 BKN048 OVC060 22.6 21.8 95% 75.79 0.0 0.05
24 16:15 W 9 3.22 Rain BKN033 OVC041 23 21.5 91% 75.79 0.0 0.03
24 15:55 SW 6 16.09 Overcast SCT042 BKN050 OVC080 25.1 21.2 79% 26 75.77 0.0
24 15:35 Calm 11.27 Light Rain SCT040 BKN047 OVC070 24.6 21.3 82% 25 75.77 0.0
24 15:15 S 15 G 26 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN047 BKN060 OVC070 26.1 20.7 72% 28 75.77 0.0
24 14:55 S 13 16.09 Overcast SCT060 OVC070 26.5 21.3 73% 28 75.77 0.0 0.05
24 14:35 S 9 16.09 Overcast SCT037 SCT045 OVC070 26.3 22 77% 28 75.79 0.0
24 14:15 S 13 11.27 Overcast SCT028 BKN045 OVC090 27 21.7 73% 29 75.82 0.0
24 13:55 S 17 16.09 Overcast SCT028 OVC080 27.9 22.8 74% 31 75.82 0.0
24 13:35 S 15 G 30 6.44 Thunderstorm in Vicinity Haze BKN080 OVC090 26.3 22.6 80% 28 75.84 0.0
24 13:15 SW 19 G 26 4.83 Mostly Cloudy with Haze SCT012 SCT045 BKN080 25.6 22.9 85% 27 75.87 0.0
24 12:55 SW 11 8.05 Thunderstorm in Vicinity Fog/Mist SCT026 SCT032 BKN075 25 23.6 92% 26 75.87 0.0 0.05
24 12:35 SW 11 6.44 Thunderstorm Light Drizzle SCT011 BKN026 OVC044 23.2 22.6 96% 75.9 0.0 0.05
24 12:15 S 11 8.05 Thunderstorm Rain SCT008 BKN014 OVC026 22.2 21.6 96% 75.95 0.0 0.03
24 11:55 Calm 4.83 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain SCT008 BKN028 OVC038 22.5 22.1 25.6 21.1 98% 75.97 0.0 1.63 2.08
24 11:35 SW 9 2.41 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain BKN004 BKN012 OVC022 22.1 21.7 98% 76 0.0 1.5
24 11:15 SW 7 1.21 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain BKN006 OVC012 22.8 22.5 98% 76.02 0.0 0.58
24 10:55 Calm 6.44 Thunderstorm Rain SCT018 BKN023 OVC044 23 22.1 95% 76 0.0 0.46
24 10:35 SE 6 4.83 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain SCT027 BKN044 OVC065 22.7 22.3 98% 76.02 0.0 0.41
24 10:15 S 13 4.83 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain SCT014 BKN038 OVC065 23 22.2 95% 76.05 0.0 0.25
24 09:55 SE 20 G 28 11.27 Thunderstorm Rain SCT012 BKN025 OVC049 24.4 21.9 86% 25 76.02 0.0
24 09:35 S 9 11.27 Overcast BKN010 OVC025 24.8 21.9 84% 25 76.07 0.0
24 09:15 S 9 8.05 Overcast with Haze OVC010 24.3 21.7 85% 24 76.12 0.0
24 08:55 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC010 23.8 21.5 87% 76.12 0.0
24 08:35 SE 13 16.09 Overcast SCT008 BKN014 OVC024 23.2 21.6 91% 76.07 0.0
24 08:15 S 7 16.09 Overcast BKN016 BKN026 OVC030 22.5 21.5 94% 76.12 0.0
24 07:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN018 OVC030 22 21.2 95% 76.1 0.0
24 07:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT006 BKN018 OVC030 21.7 21.1 96% 76.07 0.0
24 07:15 Calm 11.27 Overcast BKN006 BKN010 OVC019 21.6 21.2 98% 76.07 0.0
24 06:55 Calm 11.27 Overcast OVC004 21.4 21 98% 76.05 0.0
24 06:35 S 6 16.09 Overcast OVC004 21.2 20.8 98% 76.02 0.0
24 06:15 SE 7 11.27 Overcast OVC004 21.2 20.8 98% 76 0.0
24 05:55 S 9 11.27 Overcast OVC004 21.1 20.8 21.1 19.1 98% 76.02 0.0
24 05:35 SE 11 11.27 Overcast OVC002 21 20.7 98% 76 0.0
24 05:15 SE 7 11.27 Overcast OVC002 20.8 20.6 99% 76 0.0
24 04:55 SE 11 11.27 Overcast OVC002 20.7 20.5 99% 75.97 0.0
24 04:35 SE 13 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC002 20.2 20 99% 76 0.0
24 04:15 SE 11 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC004 20 19.7 98% 76 0.0
24 03:55 SE 11 2.01 Fog/Mist OVC004 20.1 19.7 98% 76.02 0.0
24 03:35 SE 9 11.27 Overcast OVC004 20.1 19.6 97% 76.05 0.0
24 03:15 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC004 20 19.3 96% 76.07 0.0
24 02:55 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC006 20 19.1 95% 76.1 0.0
24 02:35 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC006 19.8 18.9 95% 76.12 0.0
24 02:15 SE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC008 19.7 18.8 95% 76.15 0.0
24 01:55 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC008 19.6 18.6 94% 76.15 0.0
24 01:15 SE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC008 19.2 18.2 94% 76.17 0.0
24 00:55 SE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC010 19.4 18.1 92% 76.17 0.0
24 00:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast OVC012 19.4 18 92% 76.2 0.0
24 00:15 SE 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT014 BKN022 BKN029 19.2 17.7 91% 76.2 0.0
23 23:55 E 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT014 SCT023 BKN030 19.1 17.5 21.8 19.1 91% 76.2 0.0
23 23:35 SE 11 16.09 Overcast BKN014 BKN025 OVC030 19.3 17.5 89% 76.25 0.0
23 23:15 SE 7 16.09 Overcast BKN012 BKN019 OVC028 19.3 17.3 88% 76.25 0.0
23 22:55 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC012 19.5 17.2 87% 76.25 0.0
23 22:35 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC012 19.6 17.3 87% 76.28 0.0
23 22:15 SE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC012 19.6 17.2 86% 76.25 0.0
23 21:55 SE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC016 19.5 17.1 86% 76.25 0.0
23 21:35 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC018 19.5 17.1 86% 76.25 0.0
23 21:15 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC016 19.8 17.1 85% 76.25 0.0
23 20:55 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC014 20.1 17.1 83% 76.25 0.0
23 20:35 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC014 20.6 17.1 80% 76.25 0.0
23 20:15 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC014 20.8 17.1 79% 76.25 0.0
23 19:55 E 11 16.09 Overcast OVC014 21 17.1 79% 76.25 0.0
23 19:35 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC014 21.1 17 78% 76.25 0.0
23 19:15 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC016 21.5 17 76% 76.28 0.0
23 18:55 SE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC016 21.6 16.3 72% 76.28 0.0
23 18:35 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC018 21.6 15.7 69% 76.28 0.0
23 18:15 SE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC020 21.6 15.4 68% 76.28 0.0
23 17:55 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC022 21.8 15.1 23.9 20 66% 76.3 0.0
23 17:35 SE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC022 21.8 15 65% 76.3 0.0
23 17:15 SE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC022 22 14.7 63% 76.33 0.0
23 16:55 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC022 22 14.6 63% 76.33 0.0
23 16:35 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN024 BKN029 BKN047 22.1 14.5 62% 76.3 0.0
23 16:15 E 7 16.09 Overcast OVC024 22.3 14.5 61% 76.33 0.0
23 15:55 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC024 22.3 14.7 62% 76.33 0.0
23 15:35 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC024 22 14.1 61% 76.38 0.0
23 15:15 E 7 16.09 Overcast BKN022 BKN033 OVC046 22.6 13.8 58% 76.35 0.0
23 14:55 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC024 22 13.6 59% 76.38 0.0
23 14:35 SE 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN026 22.5 13.7 58% 76.35 0.0
23 14:15 E 13 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT028 SCT100 23.9 13.5 52% 25 76.35 0.0
23 13:55 E 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN028 BKN041 BKN100 22.1 12.4 54% 76.4 0.0
23 13:35 E 6 16.09 Light Rain SCT028 BKN041 OVC050 21.2 12.7 58% 76.45 0.0
23 13:15 Calm 16.09 Light Drizzle SCT027 SCT032 OVC050 20 12.4 62% 76.48 0.0
23 12:55 N 6 16.09 Overcast OVC027 20.1 11.9 59% 76.5 0.0
23 12:35 NE 6 16.09 Overcast BKN027 OVC100 20.2 11.8 59% 76.53 0.0
23 12:15 NE 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT027 SCT100 20.3 11.7 58% 76.53 0.0
23 11:55 E 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT029 SCT040 20.7 11.6 20.8 14.6 56% 76.53 0.0
23 11:35 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT029 BKN036 BKN100 20.1 11.6 58% 76.61 0.0
23 11:15 NE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC034 19.9 11.5 59% 76.63 0.0
23 10:55 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN032 19.4 11.6 61% 76.66 0.0
23 10:35 E 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT032 19.2 11.6 62% 76.63 0.0
23 10:15 E 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT032 19.1 11.6 62% 76.71 0.0
23 09:55 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR 18.5 11.4 64% 76.68 0.0
23 09:35 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 18.1 11.5 66% 76.66 0.0
23 09:15 NE 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT028 17.8 11.4 66% 76.66 0.0
23 08:55 E 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT030 17.1 11.1 68% 76.68 0.0
23 08:35 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR 17 11 68% 76.66 0.0
23 08:15 E 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 16.1 10.8 71% 76.63 0.0
23 07:55 NE 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT027 BKN110 15.5 10.8 74% 76.63 0.0
23 07:35 NE 13 16.09 Overcast BKN029 OVC100 15.1 10.9 76% 76.68 0.0
23 07:15 NE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC029 14.7 10.9 78% 76.68 0.0
23 06:55 NE 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN029 14.6 10.7 78% 76.68 0.0
23 06:35 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 14.6 10.7 78% 76.66 0.0
23 06:15 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 14.6 10.6 77% 76.66 0.0
23 05:55 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 14.8 10.7 16.5 14.5 77% 76.63 0.0
23 05:35 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 14.7 10.7 77% 76.61 0.0
23 05:15 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 14.5 10.7 78% 76.61 0.0
23 04:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.8 10.7 77% 76.61 0.0
23 04:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15 10.7 76% 76.61 0.0
23 04:15 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 14.9 10.8 77% 76.61 0.0
23 03:55 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15.1 10.9 76% 76.63 0.0
23 03:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15 11 77% 76.61 0.0
23 03:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.2 11.1 77% 76.61 0.0
23 02:55 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15.5 11.2 76% 76.61 0.0
23 02:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15.6 11.3 76% 76.61 0.0
23 02:15 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15.8 11.5 76% 76.61 0.0
23 01:55 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 16 11.6 75% 76.61 0.0
23 01:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.1 11.7 75% 76.61 0.0
23 01:15 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 16.1 11.7 75% 76.61 0.0
23 00:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16 11.7 76% 76.61 0.0
23 00:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16 11.5 75% 76.63 0.0
23 00:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.5 11.6 73% 76.63 0.0
22 23:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.6 11.5 23.5 16.5 72% 76.63 0.0
22 23:35 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 17 11.6 71% 76.63 0.0
22 23:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 16.9 11.5 71% 76.63 0.0
22 22:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.6 11.5 72% 76.66 0.0
22 22:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 11.5 70% 76.66 0.0
22 22:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 17.4 11.4 68% 76.66 0.0
22 21:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18 11.5 66% 76.66 0.0
22 21:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18.3 11.5 65% 76.63 0.0
22 21:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18.5 11.4 64% 76.63 0.0
22 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 19.2 11.3 60% 76.63 0.0
22 20:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 19.5 11.3 59% 76.61 0.0
22 20:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 20 11.5 58% 76.58 0.0
22 19:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 20.2 11.5 58% 76.58 0.0
22 19:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 20.9 11.4 55% 76.58 0.0
22 19:15 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 21.2 11.4 54% 76.56 0.0
22 18:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 21.8 11.2 51% 76.53 0.0
22 18:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 22.4 11.1 49% 76.5 0.0
22 18:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.1 11 47% 76.5 0.0
22 17:55 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 10.8 28.2 23.5 45% 76.48 0.0
22 17:35 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 11.3 45% 25 76.5 0.0
22 17:15 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 11 41% 26 76.48 0.0
22 16:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 26.2 10.5 37% 26 76.48 0.0
22 16:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 26.7 10.5 36% 26 76.48 0.0
22 16:15 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 10.9 36% 27 76.43 0.0
22 15:55 NE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 27.5 10.6 35% 27 76.4 0.0
22 15:35 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 28 10.5 34% 27 76.43 0.0
22 15:15 NE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 27.9 10.8 34% 27 76.43 0.0
22 14:55 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR 27.9 11.2 35% 27 76.43 0.0
22 14:35 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 28 11.7 36% 27 76.43 0.0
22 14:15 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 27.7 12.3 39% 27 76.45 0.0
22 13:55 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 27.8 12.4 39% 27 76.45 0.0
22 13:35 NE 11 11.27 Fair CLR 27.4 12.5 40% 27 76.45 0.0
22 13:15 N 15 11.27 Fair CLR 26.9 13.3 43% 27 76.48 0.0
22 12:55 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 26.8 13.7 45% 27 76.5 0.0
22 12:35 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 25.8 14.1 48% 26 76.5 0.0
22 12:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 14.3 51% 26 76.53 0.0
22 11:55 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR 24.4 14.5 24.4 19.8 54% 26 76.56 0.0
22 11:35 N 11 11.27 Fair CLR 23.3 15.2 60% 76.58 0.0
22 11:15 N 13 8.05 Fair with Haze CLR 23.2 15.9 64% 76.61 0.0
22 10:55 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 22.6 15.8 66% 76.63 0.0
22 10:35 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 22.2 16.1 68% 76.63 0.0
22 10:15 N 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 21.6 15.9 70% 76.63 0.0
22 09:55 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC110 21.5 16.4 73% 76.63 0.0
22 09:35 N 13 16.09 Overcast SCT050 OVC110 20.6 16.7 78% 76.63 0.0
22 09:15 NE 6 16.09 Overcast SCT040 BKN050 OVC110 20.1 17.5 85% 76.63 0.0
22 08:55 N 9 16.09 Overcast SCT039 BKN060 OVC110 20 17.9 88% 76.61 0.0
22 08:35 N 6 16.09 Overcast SCT039 SCT046 OVC060 20 18.2 89% 76.58 0.0
22 08:15 N 9 16.09 Overcast BKN037 BKN046 OVC050 20.1 18.3 89% 76.56 0.0
22 07:55 N 6 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT034 BKN050 OVC100 20.4 18.8 91% 76.53 0.0
22 07:35 N 6 16.09 Overcast SCT034 OVC100 20.5 19.2 92% 76.5 0.0
22 07:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN034 OVC100 20.7 19.5 93% 76.48 0.0
22 06:55 Calm 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT032 BKN090 OVC110 20.6 19.7 95% 76.45 0.0
22 06:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT026 SCT031 OVC090 20.8 20 95% 76.45 0.0
22 06:15 Calm 16.09 Thunderstorm BKN026 BKN037 OVC100 21 20.3 96% 76.43 0.0
22 05:55 N 7 16.09 Overcast BKN024 BKN033 OVC100 21 20.5 23 21 97% 76.38 0.0 0.1
Date Time (cst) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)