Weather observations for the past three days for
Cloquet Carlton County Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
17 04:15 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR -20 -25 65% 76.33 0.0
17 03:55 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR -19 -25 59% 76.33 0.0
17 03:35 NW 7 16.09 Fair CLR -19 -25 59% -24 76.35 0.0
17 03:15 NW 9 16.09 Fair CLR -18 -25 55% -24 76.33 0.0
17 02:55 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR -18 -25 55% 76.33 0.0
17 02:35 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR -18 -25 55% -23 76.3 0.0
17 02:15 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR -17 -24 55% 76.3 0.0
17 01:55 NW 7 16.09 Fair CLR -17 -24 55% -22 76.28 0.0
17 01:35 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR -16 -24 50% -22 76.28 0.0
17 01:15 NW 13 16.09 Fair CLR -16 -24 50% -23 76.25 0.0
17 00:55 NW 19 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR -16 -24 50% -24 76.23 0.0
17 00:35 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR -15 -24 46% -23 76.23 0.0
17 00:15 NW 22 16.09 Fair CLR -15 -24 46% -24 76.2 0.0
16 23:55 NW 22 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR -15 -24 46% -24 76.17 0.0
16 23:35 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -24 43% -22 76.17 0.0
16 23:15 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -24 43% -21 76.15 0.0
16 22:55 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -24 43% -21 76.17 0.0
16 22:35 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -24 43% -22 76.2 0.0
16 22:15 NW 13 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -24 43% -20 76.23 0.0
16 21:55 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR -13 -25 36% -20 76.23 0.0
16 21:35 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR -13 -25 36% -20 76.23 0.0
16 21:15 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR -13 -25 36% -20 76.23 0.0
16 20:55 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR -12 -25 33% -19 76.25 0.0
16 20:35 N 17 16.09 Fair CLR -12 -24 36% -19 76.23 0.0
16 20:15 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR -12 -24 36% -17 76.23 0.0
16 19:55 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR -12 -24 36% -19 76.2 0.0
16 19:35 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR -11 -24 34% -16 76.17 0.0
16 19:15 N 19 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR -11 -24 34% -18 76.15 0.0
16 18:55 N 24 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR -11 -24 34% -19 76.15 0.0
16 18:35 N 24 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR -10 -24 31% -18 76.12 0.0
16 18:15 N 30 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR -10 -24 31% -19 76.12 0.0
16 17:55 N 24 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -24 29% -17 76.12 0.0
16 17:35 N 30 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -24 29% -18 76.12 0.0
16 17:15 NW 35 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -9 -23 31% -18 76.1 0.0
16 16:55 NW 28 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -23 31% -17 76.1 0.0
16 16:35 N 30 G 56 11.27 Fair CLR -9 -24 29% -18 76.1 0.0
16 16:15 NW 26 G 48 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -23 31% -17 76.07 0.0
16 15:55 NW 30 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -23 31% -18 76.07 0.0
16 15:35 NW 26 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -23 31% -17 76.05 0.0
16 15:15 NW 24 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -22 34% -17 76.05 0.0
16 14:55 NW 31 G 43 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT049 -9 -21 37% -18 76.05 0.0
16 14:35 NW 28 G 43 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT045 -9 -21 37% -17 76.05 0.0
16 14:15 N 33 G 39 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN043 -9 -19 45% -18 76.05 0.0
16 13:55 NW 24 G 43 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN043 -9 -19 45% -17 76.05 0.0
16 13:35 N 30 G 50 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT043 -9 -20 41% -18 76.05 0.0
16 13:15 NW 31 G 41 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT041 -9 -19 45% -18 76.07 0.0
16 12:55 N 24 G 39 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT037 -10 -19 48% -18 76.07 0.0
16 12:35 N 26 G 43 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT016 SCT021 -10 -18 52% -18 76.07 0.0
16 12:15 NW 26 G 37 4.83 Mostly Cloudy with Haze SCT016 SCT027 BKN032 -11 -17 62% -20 76.1 0.0
16 11:55 N 26 G 41 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT030 SCT060 -12 -19 56% -21 76.1 0.0
16 11:35 N 33 G 46 11.27 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy SCT013 SCT021 BKN029 -12 -18 61% -22 76.1 0.0
16 11:15 N 26 G 46 3.22 Overcast with Haze BKN013 OVC021 -12 -17 67% -21 76.12 0.0
16 10:55 N 26 G 48 4.02 Light Snow SCT015 BKN026 OVC034 -12 -17 67% -21 76.12 0.0
16 10:35 N 35 G 48 6.44 Overcast with Haze and Breezy BKN030 OVC034 -12 -17 67% -22 76.12 0.0
16 10:15 N 30 G 48 6.44 Overcast with Haze BKN030 OVC036 -12 -17 67% -21 76.12 0.0
16 09:55 N 22 G 31 4.83 Overcast with Haze SCT022 OVC035 -13 -17 72% -21 76.15 0.0
16 09:35 N 22 G 39 2.82 Light Snow OVC031 -13 -17 72% -21 76.15 0.0
16 09:15 NW 26 G 44 4.83 Overcast with Haze OVC027 -13 -17 72% -22 76.12 0.0
16 08:55 NW 24 G 35 11.27 Overcast OVC027 -13 -18 66% -22 76.1 0.0
16 08:35 NW 26 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC025 -13 -18 66% -22 76.07 0.0
16 08:15 NW 20 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC025 -13 -18 66% -21 76.07 0.0
16 07:55 NW 19 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC025 -13 -18 66% -21 76.05 0.0
16 07:35 NW 22 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC025 -13 -18 66% -21 76.02 0.0
16 07:15 NW 20 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC025 -13 -18 66% -21 76.02 0.0
16 06:55 NW 20 16.09 Overcast OVC025 -13 -18 66% -21 76.02 0.0
16 06:35 NW 24 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC025 -14 -18 72% -23 76.02 0.0
16 06:15 NW 24 G 33 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT025 -14 -19 66% -23 76.02 0.0
16 05:55 NW 22 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -19 66% -23 76.02 0.0
16 05:35 NW 24 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -19 66% -23 76.02 0.0
16 05:15 NW 22 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -18 72% -23 76.02 0.0
16 04:55 NW 26 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -18 72% -23 76.02 0.0
16 04:35 NW 26 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR -13 -17 72% -22 76.05 0.0
16 04:15 NW 30 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR -13 -17 72% -23 76.05 0.0
16 03:55 N 28 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR -12 -17 67% -21 76.05 0.0
16 03:35 NW 30 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR -12 -17 67% -21 76.07 0.0
16 03:15 NW 28 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR -12 -17 67% -21 76.07 0.0
16 02:55 N 22 G 37 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 -11 -16 67% -19 76.1 0.0
16 02:35 NW 26 G 43 16.09 Overcast OVC065 -11 -16 67% -20 76.1 0.0
16 02:15 N 28 G 44 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN065 -11 -15 73% -20 76.12 0.0
16 01:55 N 35 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -10 -15 67% -20 76.12 0.0
16 01:35 N 30 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR -10 -15 67% -19 76.15 0.0
16 01:15 N 31 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR -9 -15 62% -18 76.15 0.0
16 00:55 N 31 G 48 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT090 -9 -15 62% -18 76.15 0.0
16 00:35 N 33 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -9 -14 67% -18 76.12 0.0
16 00:15 N 35 G 52 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -9 -14 67% -18 76.15 0.0
15 23:55 N 33 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -8 -14 62% -17 76.12 0.0
15 23:35 N 28 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR -8 -14 62% -16 76.12 0.0
15 23:15 N 35 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR -8 -14 62% -17 76.12 0.0
15 22:55 N 31 G 50 16.09 Fair CLR -7 -14 58% -15 76.12 0.0
15 22:35 N 28 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR -7 -14 58% -15 76.12 0.0
15 22:15 NW 30 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR -7 -14 58% -15 76.15 0.0
15 21:55 NW 33 G 44 16.09 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT090 -6 -14 54% -14 76.12 0.0
15 21:35 N 26 G 37 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT043 -6 -14 54% -13 76.17 0.0
15 21:15 N 24 G 37 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN043 BKN050 -6 -13 58% -13 76.15 0.0
15 20:55 N 22 G 39 16.09 Overcast BKN043 OVC050 -5 -13 54% -11 76.17 0.0
15 20:35 N 24 G 39 16.09 Overcast BKN043 OVC050 -4 -13 50% -10 76.15 0.0
15 20:15 N 37 G 52 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC043 -4 -13 50% -12 76.12 0.0
15 19:55 N 35 G 46 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC045 -3 -13 46% -10 76.17 0.0
15 19:35 N 20 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC045 -3 -13 46% -9 76.17 0.0
15 19:15 N 22 G 48 16.09 Overcast OVC045 -3 -13 46% -9 76.17 0.0
15 18:55 N 26 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC043 -3 -12 50% -9 76.17 0.0
15 18:35 N 20 G 31 16.09 Overcast BKN047 OVC055 -2 -12 47% -7 76.17 0.0
15 18:15 N 26 G 37 16.09 Overcast BKN045 OVC055 -2 -12 47% -8 76.17 0.0
15 17:55 N 24 G 41 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT038 BKN046 -2 -12 47% -8 76.12 0.0
15 17:35 NE 19 G 31 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT042 SCT050 BKN065 -1 -12 43% -6 76.1 0.0
15 17:15 N 20 G 33 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 -1 -12 43% -6 76.1 0.0
15 16:55 NE 20 G 28 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT041 BKN050 -2 -11 51% -7 76.1 0.0
15 16:35 N 20 G 31 16.09 Overcast SCT026 SCT033 OVC041 -2 -9 59% -7 76.12 0.0
15 16:15 NE 24 G 31 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT027 SCT033 BKN039 -2 -10 55% -8 76.12 0.0
15 15:55 N 24 G 33 16.09 Unknown Precip SCT027 BKN039 -1 -9 55% -7 76.12 0.0
15 15:35 NE 24 G 33 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN038 BKN045 -1 -9 55% -7 76.1 0.0
15 15:15 N 24 G 37 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN035 BKN044 -2 -9 59% -8 76.1 0.0
15 14:55 NE 28 G 37 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT034 BKN040 -1 -9 55% -7 76.07 0.0
15 14:35 NE 31 G 41 16.09 Overcast BKN040 OVC048 -1 -9 55% -7 76.07 0.0
15 14:15 NE 26 G 39 16.09 Overcast SCT027 SCT037 OVC046 -1 -9 55% -7 76.07 0.0
15 13:55 NE 28 G 37 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT023 SCT029 BKN041 -2 -9 59% -8 76.07 0.0
15 13:35 NE 30 G 44 16.09 Overcast BKN043 OVC049 -2 -9 59% -9 76.1 0.0
15 13:15 NE 28 G 44 16.09 Overcast SCT028 OVC040 -2 -8 64% -8 76.07 0.0
15 12:55 N 30 G 41 11.27 Mostly Cloudy SCT023 BKN038 -2 -8 64% -9 76.07 0.0
15 12:35 NE 24 G 37 8.05 Unknown Precip SCT023 SCT029 SCT038 -3 -7 74% -9 76.07 0.0
15 12:15 N 22 G 43 6.44 Light Snow SCT023 SCT030 SCT038 -3 -8 69% -9 76.07 0.0
15 11:55 N 26 G 35 8.05 Unknown Precip CLR -3 -8 69% -9 76.1 0.0
15 11:35 NE 28 G 37 8.05 Unknown Precip CLR -4 -8 74% -11 76.1 0.0
15 11:15 NE 19 G 30 8.05 Light Snow CLR -4 -8 74% -10 76.12 0.0
15 10:55 NE 19 G 35 8.05 Unknown Precip SCT018 -4 -8 74% -10 76.15 0.0
15 10:35 NE 22 G 37 4.83 Light Snow SCT014 SCT020 -4 -8 74% -10 76.15 0.0
15 10:15 NE 24 G 35 4.83 Light Snow BKN014 -4 -8 74% -10 76.15 0.0
15 09:55 NE 20 G 28 3.22 Light Snow OVC012 -4 -7 80% -10 76.15 0.0
15 09:35 NE 20 G 30 3.22 Light Snow BKN014 OVC020 -4 -7 80% -10 76.12 0.0
15 09:15 NE 24 G 30 8.05 Light Snow BKN020 BKN027 BKN037 -4 -8 74% -10 76.1 0.0
15 08:55 NE 28 G 43 11.27 Light Snow SCT016 BKN027 OVC036 -4 -8 74% -11 76.1 0.0
15 08:35 NE 33 G 43 4.83 Light Snow and Breezy BKN013 OVC026 -4 -8 74% -12 76.1 0.0
15 08:15 NE 24 G 39 6.44 Light Snow BKN015 BKN020 OVC038 -4 -8 74% -10 76.1 0.0
15 07:55 NE 26 G 39 16.09 Light Snow SCT029 OVC042 -3 -8 69% -9 76.1 0.0
15 07:35 NE 24 G 35 16.09 Unknown Precip BKN047 OVC060 -4 -8 74% -10 76.05 0.0
15 07:15 NE 22 G 37 16.09 Light Snow SCT033 BKN043 OVC060 -4 -7 80% -10 76.05 0.0
15 06:55 NE 28 G 41 11.27 Unknown Precip SCT030 BKN036 OVC043 -4 -7 80% -11 76.02 0.0
15 06:15 NE 19 G 30 4.83 Light Snow SCT008 BKN011 OVC028 -4 -5 93% -10 76 0.0
15 05:55 NE 17 4.02 Light Snow SCT008 BKN011 OVC020 -4 -5 93% -9 76.02 0.0
15 05:35 NE 15 4.83 Light Snow SCT013 BKN018 OVC034 -4 -5 93% -9 76.05 0.0
15 05:15 NE 11 6.44 Unknown Precip SCT015 SCT022 OVC034 -4 -5 93% -8 76.07 0.0
15 04:55 NE 13 8.05 Light Snow BKN011 OVC016 -4 -5 93% -8 76.1 0.0
15 04:35 NE 11 6.44 Light Snow BKN011 BKN022 OVC032 -4 -5 93% -8 76.1 0.0
15 04:15 NE 9 6.44 Light Snow SCT023 BKN032 OVC045 -4 -5 93% -7 76.1 0.0
15 03:55 E 13 4.83 Light Snow SCT015 BKN023 OVC030 -4 -5 93% -8 76.1 0.0
15 03:35 E 11 3.22 Light Snow BKN013 OVC028 -4 -5 93% -8 76.12 0.0
15 03:15 E 11 2.82 Light Snow OVC011 -4 -5 93% -8 76.12 0.0
15 02:55 E 15 2.82 Light Snow BKN011 OVC025 -4 -5 93% -9 76.15 0.0
15 02:35 E 9 2.82 Light Snow BKN011 BKN015 OVC026 -4 -5 93% -7 76.17 0.0
15 02:15 E 7 2.82 Light Snow BKN010 OVC017 -4 -5 93% -7 76.17 0.0
15 01:55 E 7 2.41 Light Snow OVC008 -4 -5 93% -7 76.17 0.0
15 01:35 E 7 2.82 Light Snow BKN010 OVC015 -4 -5 93% -7 76.17 0.0
15 01:15 E 7 3.22 Light Snow OVC017 -4 -5 93% -7 76.17 0.0
15 00:55 E 9 4.83 Light Snow OVC019 -4 -5 93% -7 76.17 0.0
15 00:35 E 7 4.83 Light Snow BKN019 OVC027 -4 -5 93% -7 76.23 0.0
15 00:15 E 7 6.44 Light Snow SCT021 OVC027 -4 -6 86% -7 76.25 0.0
14 23:55 E 6 4.83 Light Snow BKN022 OVC030 -4 -6 86% 76.28 0.0
14 23:35 E 7 8.05 Light Snow SCT025 OVC030 -4 -6 86% -7 76.3 0.0
14 23:15 E 7 6.44 Light Snow BKN025 OVC030 -3 -6 80% -6 76.28 0.0
14 22:55 E 11 4.83 Light Snow SCT019 BKN024 OVC030 -3 -6 80% -7 76.28 0.0
14 22:35 E 11 11.27 Light Snow BKN030 BKN041 OVC055 -3 -8 69% -7 76.3 0.0
14 22:15 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT039 BKN050 OVC055 -3 -9 64% -6 76.28 0.0
14 21:55 E 6 16.09 Overcast BKN055 OVC065 -2 -10 55% 76.28 0.0
14 21:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT055 OVC065 -2 -10 55% 76.25 0.0
14 21:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT055 SCT065 OVC080 -2 -11 51% 76.23 0.0
14 20:55 SE 6 16.09 Overcast SCT055 OVC065 -2 -11 51% 76.23 0.0
14 20:35 SE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC075 -2 -11 51% 76.25 0.0
14 20:15 SE 6 16.09 Overcast SCT049 BKN065 OVC090 -2 -11 51% 76.28 0.0
14 19:55 SE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC090 -2 -11 51% 76.25 0.0
14 19:35 E 9 16.09 Overcast SCT046 OVC090 -2 -11 51% -5 76.25 0.0
14 19:15 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC046 -2 -12 47% 76.23 0.0
14 18:55 SE 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT045 BKN050 -1 -12 43% -3 76.23 0.0
14 18:35 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 SCT090 -1 -13 40% 76.23 0.0
14 18:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT090 -1 -16 31% 76.23 0.0
14 17:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -16 31% 76.2 0.0
14 17:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -17 29% 76.2 0.0
14 17:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -17 29% 76.2 0.0
14 16:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -17 29% 76.23 0.0
14 16:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -19 24% 76.23 0.0
14 16:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -18 25% 76.25 0.0
14 15:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -18 26% -3 76.25 0.0
14 15:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -18 26% -3 76.23 0.0
14 15:15 W 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 -1 -17 29% -3 76.25 0.0
14 14:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 -1 -18 26% 76.28 0.0
14 14:35 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -18 25% -3 76.28 0.0
14 14:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -17 29% 76.3 0.0
14 13:55 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -16 31% 76.33 0.0
14 13:35 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -14 37% 76.35 0.0
14 13:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -2 -14 40% 76.38 0.0
14 12:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR -2 -14 40% -4 76.4 0.0
14 12:35 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR -2 -13 43% 76.4 0.0
14 12:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR -3 -13 46% 76.4 0.0
14 11:55 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR -3 -13 46% -6 76.43 0.0
14 11:35 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR -4 -13 50% -8 76.43 0.0
14 11:15 S 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 -4 -13 50% -9 76.43 0.0
14 10:55 S 11 16.09 Overcast OVC070 -5 -13 54% -9 76.43 0.0
14 10:35 S 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN070 -6 -13 58% -10 76.43 0.0
14 10:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 -7 -13 63% 76.43 0.0
14 09:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -8 -13 68% 76.43 0.0
14 09:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -10 -13 79% 76.45 0.0
14 09:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -12 -16 72% 76.43 0.0
14 08:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -14 -18 72% 76.4 0.0
14 08:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -17 -20 78% 76.4 0.0
14 08:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -18 -21 78% 76.43 0.0
14 07:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -19 -22 77% 76.43 0.0
14 07:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -18 -21 78% 76.4 0.0
14 07:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -19 -21 84% 76.38 0.0
14 06:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -18 -21 78% 76.38 0.0
14 06:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -18 -21 78% 76.4 0.0
14 06:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -17 -19 85% 76.38 0.0
14 05:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -17 -20 78% 76.35 0.0
14 05:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -16 -18 85% 76.35 0.0
14 04:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -16 -17 92% 76.33 0.0
14 04:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -15 -17 85% 76.33 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)