Weather observations for the past three days for
Dixon Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (mst) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
08 17:15 NW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 1.2 -12.9 34% -1 76.96 0.0
08 16:55 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 4.6 -12.9 26.5 -8.3 27% 3 76.96 0.0
08 16:35 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR 6.4 -13 24% 4 76.96 0.0
08 16:15 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR 7.3 -12.3 24% 5 76.94 0.0
08 15:55 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR 7.7 -12.1 23% 6 76.94 0.0
08 15:35 W 20 16.09 Fair CLR 8 -12.3 22% 5 76.91 0.0
08 15:15 W 19 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 8.1 -12.3 22% 5 76.91 0.0
08 14:55 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR 8.1 -11.9 23% 6 76.91 0.0
08 14:35 W 20 16.09 Fair CLR 8.2 -11.1 24% 5 76.89 0.0
08 14:15 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR 7.9 -9.9 27% 6 76.89 0.0
08 13:55 SW 19 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 7.7 -9.8 28% 5 76.89 0.0
08 13:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 7.2 -9 31% 76.91 0.0
08 12:55 W 13 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 6.9 -9 31% 5 76.91 0.0
08 12:35 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 6.7 -8.5 33% 5 76.91 0.0
08 12:15 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR 6.5 -8 35% 5 76.94 0.0
08 11:55 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR 6 -7.7 37% 4 76.96 0.0
08 11:35 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR 5.7 -7.7 38% 4 76.96 0.0
08 11:15 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR 5.5 -7.6 39% 3 76.96 0.0
08 10:55 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR 5 -7.9 26.5 -8.3 39% 2 76.96 0.0
08 10:35 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR 4.8 -7.8 40% 3 76.96 0.0
08 10:15 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 4.6 -7.4 42% 3 76.96 0.0
08 09:55 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR 4.3 -6.8 45% 3 76.96 0.0
08 09:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 3.5 -6.6 48% 76.96 0.0
08 09:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 2.7 -6.1 53% 76.94 0.0
08 08:55 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR 1.4 -6.1 58% 76.94 0.0
08 08:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.9 -6.4 67% 76.94 0.0
08 08:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -2.7 -7.2 72% 76.91 0.0
08 07:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -3.6 -7.6 74% 76.91 0.0
08 07:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.2 -8.5 78% 76.89 0.0
08 07:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -6.7 -9.6 80% 76.86 0.0
08 06:55 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR -6.9 -9.5 82% 76.84 0.0
08 06:35 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR -7.2 -9.7 83% -11 76.81 0.0
08 06:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -6.6 -9.4 81% 76.76 0.0
08 05:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -6.2 -9.1 80% 76.76 0.0
08 05:35 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR -6.5 -9.3 81% -10 76.73 0.0
08 05:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR -5.3 -8.9 76% -8 76.73 0.0
08 04:55 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR -3 -7.5 26.5 -8.3 71% 76.73 0.0
08 04:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.5 -8.6 79% 76.71 0.0
08 04:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -4.8 -8.5 76% 76.68 0.0
08 03:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR -3.2 -7.6 72% 76.66 0.0
08 03:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR -1.5 -7.4 65% 76.66 0.0
08 03:15 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 0.7 -6.6 59% -1 76.61 0.0
08 02:55 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 2.6 -6.4 52% 76.61 0.0
08 02:35 W 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN075 4.3 -6.1 47% 1 76.61 0.0
08 02:15 W 22 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC075 4.8 -5.6 47% 1 76.61 0.0
08 01:55 W 20 16.09 Overcast OVC075 4.9 -5 49% 1 76.58 0.0
08 01:35 SW 26 16.09 Overcast SCT060 OVC075 5 -4.2 52% 1 76.56 0.0
08 01:15 SW 26 16.09 Overcast SCT060 OVC075 5 -2.8 57% 1 76.56 0.0
08 00:55 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC065 5.5 -2.9 55% 2 76.56 0.0
08 00:35 W 24 G 33 16.09 Overcast BKN055 OVC070 5.9 -3.3 52% 2 76.53 0.0
08 00:15 SW 26 G 41 16.09 Overcast BKN050 OVC065 6 -3.5 51% 2 76.5 0.0
07 23:55 SW 30 G 41 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC070 6 -3.4 51% 2 76.5 0.0
07 23:35 W 30 G 46 16.09 Overcast SCT046 SCT050 OVC060 5.8 -3.2 53% 1 76.5 0.0
07 23:15 SW 17 16.09 Overcast BKN048 OVC055 5.8 -3 54% 3 76.5 0.0
07 22:55 SW 15 16.09 Overcast SCT048 SCT060 OVC065 5.9 -3 26.5 -8.3 53% 3 76.48 0.0
07 22:35 SW 15 16.09 Overcast BKN048 OVC060 5.6 -3.1 54% 3 76.45 0.0
07 22:15 SW 13 16.09 Overcast SCT048 BKN065 OVC080 5.5 -3.5 53% 3 76.45 0.0
07 21:55 SW 15 16.09 Overcast BKN050 BKN065 OVC070 6 -3.6 51% 3 76.45 0.0
07 21:35 SW 26 G 33 16.09 Overcast BKN055 OVC065 6 -3.6 51% 2 76.43 0.0
07 21:15 SW 19 16.09 Overcast SCT060 OVC065 5.2 -4.2 51% 2 76.43 0.0
07 20:55 S 11 16.09 Overcast OVC070 4.8 -4.5 51% 3 76.43 0.0
07 20:35 S 11 16.09 Overcast OVC070 4.6 -4.5 52% 2 76.43 0.0
07 20:15 SW 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN070 4.3 -5.1 51% 3 76.4 0.0
07 19:55 SW 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 4.8 -5.2 49% 3 76.38 0.0
07 19:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN070 4.9 -5.4 48% 76.4 0.0
07 19:15 SW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 4.9 -6 46% 2 76.38 0.0
07 18:55 SW 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 SCT085 5.7 -6.2 42% 4 76.38 0.0
07 18:35 SW 20 G 30 16.09 Overcast BKN070 OVC085 6 -6.4 41% 3 76.35 0.0
07 18:15 SW 17 16.09 Overcast SCT070 OVC085 6.8 -6.5 38% 4 76.35 0.0
07 17:55 S 26 G 33 16.09 Overcast SCT065 SCT075 OVC085 7.1 -6.7 37% 3 76.35 0.0
07 17:35 S 20 16.09 Overcast SCT055 SCT065 OVC085 6.9 -6.7 38% 4 76.35 0.0
07 17:15 S 17 G 26 16.09 Overcast SCT055 BKN065 OVC085 7.2 -7 36% 5 76.35 0.0
07 16:55 S 22 G 30 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT070 BKN080 7.4 -6.8 26.5 -8.3 36% 4 76.35 0.0
07 16:35 S 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 8.3 -6.8 34% 6 76.35 0.0
07 16:15 S 26 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC070 9.5 -6.9 31% 7 76.33 0.0
07 15:55 S 24 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC070 9.5 -7 31% 7 76.33 0.0
07 15:35 S 28 G 41 16.09 Overcast OVC070 8.6 -7.2 32% 5 76.33 0.0
07 15:15 S 19 G 31 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN070 BKN110 8.1 -7.2 33% 5 76.33 0.0
07 14:55 S 20 G 30 16.09 Overcast BKN070 OVC110 8.1 -6.8 34% 5 76.35 0.0
07 14:35 S 20 G 30 16.09 Overcast BKN070 OVC120 7.9 -6.7 35% 5 76.38 0.0
07 14:15 S 19 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC070 8 -6.3 36% 5 76.4 0.0
07 13:55 S 28 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC060 7.9 -5.8 38% 4 76.4 0.0
07 13:35 S 17 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC060 8.1 -5.5 38% 6 76.43 0.0
07 13:15 S 26 16.09 Overcast OVC060 8.1 -5.3 39% 5 76.43 0.0
07 12:55 S 26 G 35 16.09 Overcast SCT048 SCT050 OVC060 7.4 -5.3 40% 4 76.45 0.0
07 12:35 S 24 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC060 7.4 -5.8 39% 4 76.48 0.0
07 12:15 S 20 G 26 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC075 7.5 -6.1 38% 4 76.48 0.0
07 11:55 S 26 G 31 16.09 Overcast SCT060 OVC075 7.8 -6 37% 4 76.5 0.0
07 11:35 S 17 16.09 Overcast OVC075 7.3 -5.7 39% 5 76.53 0.0
07 11:15 S 15 16.09 Overcast SCT075 OVC090 7.1 -5.8 40% 5 76.58 0.0
07 10:55 S 7 16.09 Overcast OVC100 6.6 -5.6 26.5 -8.3 42% 5 76.58 0.0
07 10:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 4.9 -4.8 50% 76.61 0.0
07 10:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 4.2 -4.7 53% 76.61 0.0
07 09:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 3.8 -4.8 54% 76.61 0.0
07 09:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 3.2 -4.5 57% 76.61 0.0
07 09:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 1.8 -3.9 66% 76.61 0.0
07 08:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT090 0.2 -3.7 75% 76.66 0.0
07 08:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.9 -4.9 80% 76.66 0.0
07 08:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -3.6 -5.9 84% 76.66 0.0
07 07:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -4.9 -7 85% 76.68 0.0
07 07:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.8 -7.8 86% 76.66 0.0
07 07:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -7.1 -8.8 88% 76.66 0.0
07 06:55 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR -7.4 -9.3 86% -11 76.66 0.0
07 06:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -7 -8.5 89% 76.66 0.0
07 06:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -7.6 -9.2 88% 76.66 0.0
07 05:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -7.6 -9.1 89% 76.68 0.0
07 05:35 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR -7.8 -9.4 88% 76.71 0.0
07 05:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -6.6 -8.3 88% 76.71 0.0
07 04:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.9 -7.9 26.5 -8.3 86% 76.71 0.0
07 04:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5 -7.3 84% 76.68 0.0
07 04:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.8 -7.6 87% 76.73 0.0
07 03:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -6.3 -8 88% 76.76 0.0
07 03:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -6.1 -7.9 87% 76.76 0.0
07 03:15 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR -5.1 -7.2 85% -8 76.81 0.0
07 02:55 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR -4.5 -6.6 85% 76.81 0.0
07 02:35 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR -6.7 -8.3 89% -11 76.84 0.0
07 02:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -6.5 -8.4 87% 76.84 0.0
07 01:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -6.3 -8.1 87% 76.84 0.0
07 01:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.9 -7.9 86% 76.84 0.0
07 01:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -5.1 -7.2 85% 76.84 0.0
07 00:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -4.8 -6.9 85% 76.84 0.0
07 00:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR -4.9 -7 85% 76.84 0.0
07 00:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -3.6 -6.4 81% 76.84 0.0
06 23:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR -4.2 -6.6 84% 76.84 0.0
06 23:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR -4.5 -6.9 84% 76.81 0.0
06 23:15 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR -3.7 -6.6 81% 76.81 0.0
06 22:55 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR -3.2 -6.2 26.5 -8.3 80% -6 76.84 0.0
06 22:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR -3.6 -6.4 81% 76.84 0.0
06 22:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -2.8 -6.2 78% 76.84 0.0
06 21:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.7 -5.7 74% 76.81 0.0
06 21:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR -1.5 -5.5 74% 76.81 0.0
06 21:15 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR -0.4 -5.2 70% 76.81 0.0
06 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 1 -4.6 67% 76.78 0.0
06 20:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0.8 -4.5 68% 76.73 0.0
06 20:15 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 0.4 -4.8 68% -2 76.73 0.0
06 19:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 0.4 -5.1 67% 76.73 0.0
06 19:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 1 -4.8 66% 76.71 0.0
06 19:15 SW 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 2 -4.7 62% -1 76.68 0.0
06 18:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 3.5 -4.3 57% 76.68 0.0
06 18:35 SW 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT080 5 -4 53% 4 76.68 0.0
06 18:15 SW 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 6 -4 49% 3 76.68 0.0
06 17:55 SW 13 16.09 Overcast OVC090 6.7 -4 47% 4 76.68 0.0
06 17:35 W 19 16.09 Overcast OVC090 7.4 -4.3 44% 5 76.68 0.0
06 17:15 W 20 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC090 7.9 -4.9 40% 5 76.66 0.0
06 16:35 W 26 G 39 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 9 -5.4 36% 6 76.63 0.0
06 16:15 SW 31 G 43 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT100 9.7 -5 35% 6 76.63 0.0
06 15:55 W 30 G 41 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT100 10 -4.9 35% 7 76.61 0.0
06 15:35 W 31 G 41 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT080 BKN100 10.5 -4.8 34% 76.58 0.0
06 15:15 W 30 G 48 16.09 Overcast BKN080 OVC100 11.1 -5.6 31% 76.58 0.0
06 14:55 W 35 G 50 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC090 10.4 -6 31% 76.56 0.0
06 14:35 W 41 G 50 16.09 Overcast and Breezy SCT070 OVC090 10.2 -6 32% 76.56 0.0
06 14:15 SW 33 G 50 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy SCT070 SCT090 BKN110 10.2 -5.2 34% 76.58 0.0
06 13:55 SW 33 G 48 16.09 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT110 11 -4.3 34% 76.58 0.0
06 13:35 SW 37 G 50 16.09 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT120 10.7 -4.8 34% 76.58 0.0
06 13:15 W 37 G 57 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy SCT065 BKN120 10.8 -4.5 34% 76.58 0.0
06 12:55 W 44 G 57 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Windy BKN065 BKN120 10.1 -4.1 37% 76.61 0.0
06 12:35 W 43 G 48 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Windy BKN055 BKN075 BKN120 10.3 -3.7 37% 76.61 0.0
06 12:15 SW 31 G 50 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC065 10.1 -3.4 39% 76.63 0.0
06 11:55 W 35 G 52 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy SCT050 BKN060 11.1 -2.9 38% 76.66 0.0
06 11:35 SW 37 G 54 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN050 9.8 -2 44% 6 76.66 0.0
06 11:15 SW 28 G 46 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN044 BKN095 BKN120 9.1 -1.1 49% 6 76.66 0.0
06 10:55 SW 30 G 39 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT044 BKN075 BKN085 8.2 -0.5 26.5 -8.3 55% 5 76.68 0.0
06 10:35 SW 15 G 26 16.09 Overcast BKN075 OVC085 7.9 -0.5 56% 6 76.66 0.0
06 10:15 SW 20 G 26 16.09 Overcast OVC070 7.6 -0.4 57% 5 76.68 0.0
06 09:55 SW 22 16.09 Overcast OVC070 7.6 -0.4 57% 4 76.66 0.0
06 09:35 SW 9 16.09 Overcast OVC070 7.6 -0.5 57% 6 76.66 0.0
06 09:15 SW 15 16.09 Overcast OVC060 7.3 -0.3 59% 5 76.66 0.0
06 08:55 SW 17 16.09 Overcast OVC060 7.1 -0.5 59% 4 76.68 0.0
06 08:35 SW 13 16.09 Overcast SCT040 BKN060 OVC075 6.7 -1.1 58% 4 76.68 0.0
06 08:15 S 6 16.09 Overcast SCT038 BKN080 OVC100 6.3 -2.1 55% 76.66 0.0
06 07:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN040 OVC100 5.5 -3.2 54% 76.66 0.0
06 07:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT042 OVC100 4.4 -3.8 56% 76.63 0.0
06 07:15 SW 6 16.09 Overcast OVC100 4.1 -3.8 57% 76.61 0.0
06 06:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC110 5 -4.5 51% 76.58 0.0
06 06:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC110 6.2 -4.8 46% 76.58 0.0
06 06:15 S 6 16.09 Overcast OVC110 6.5 -5 44% 76.56 0.0
06 05:55 S 9 16.09 Overcast OVC100 6.7 -5.5 42% 5 76.56 0.0
06 05:35 SW 6 16.09 Overcast OVC110 6.7 -5.7 41% 76.56 0.0
06 05:15 W 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 6.9 -5.6 41% 76.53 0.0
06 04:55 W 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 8 -5.6 26.5 -8.3 38% 7 76.5 0.0
06 04:35 S 13 16.09 Overcast OVC110 9.4 -5.9 34% 8 76.48 0.0
06 04:15 SW 7 16.09 Overcast OVC110 9.3 -5.5 35% 9 76.45 0.0
06 03:55 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC100 9.8 -5.5 34% 8 76.45 0.0
06 03:35 SW 19 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC100 11.3 -6.2 29% 76.45 0.0
06 03:15 S 30 G 44 16.09 Overcast OVC110 11.7 -6.2 28% 76.43 0.0
06 02:55 SE 24 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC120 11.6 -6 29% 76.45 0.0
06 02:35 S 26 G 39 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT100 BKN120 11.6 -5.8 29% 76.45 0.0
06 02:15 SE 22 G 35 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 11.4 -5.6 30% 76.48 0.0
06 01:55 S 20 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 11.2 -5.6 31% 76.5 0.0
06 01:35 S 20 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 11 -5.5 31% 76.5 0.0
06 01:15 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 11.2 -5.5 31% 76.5 0.0
06 00:55 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 11.1 -5.2 32% 76.53 0.0
06 00:35 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 11.1 -5.1 32% 76.56 0.0
06 00:15 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 11.2 -4.9 32% 76.56 0.0
05 23:55 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 11.2 -4.7 33% 76.56 0.0
05 23:35 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 11.5 -4.8 32% 76.58 0.0
05 23:15 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 11.8 -4.9 31% 76.56 0.0
05 22:55 S 19 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 11.8 -5 26.5 -8.3 31% 76.58 0.0
05 22:35 S 17 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 12.1 -5 30% 76.58 0.0
05 22:15 S 19 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 11.8 -5.1 31% 76.58 0.0
05 21:55 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 12.1 -5.3 29% 76.61 0.0
05 21:35 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 12.4 -5.6 28% 76.61 0.0
05 21:15 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 12.6 -5.9 27% 76.61 0.0
05 20:55 S 19 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 12.8 -6.1 26% 76.63 0.0
05 20:35 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 12.8 -6 27% 76.61 0.0
05 20:15 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 12.2 -6 28% 76.58 0.0
05 19:55 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 12.3 -6.1 27% 76.61 0.0
05 19:35 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 12.4 -6 27% 76.61 0.0
05 19:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 12.8 -6 27% 76.63 0.0
05 18:55 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 12.7 -6 27% 76.63 0.0
05 18:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 13 -6.1 26% 76.63 0.0
05 18:15 S 17 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 13.9 -6.1 25% 76.61 0.0
05 17:55 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 13.8 -5.9 25% 76.63 0.0
05 17:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 12.9 -5.2 28% 76.61 0.0
Date Time (mst) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)