National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Galliano, South Lafourche Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cst) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
18 13:55 NW 24 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 10.5 -12.6 18% 76.84 0.0
18 13:35 W 28 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 10.8 -11.9 19% 76.84 0.0
18 13:15 W 24 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 10.5 -11.8 20% 76.86 0.0
18 12:55 NW 19 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 9.9 -12.6 19% 8 76.89 0.0
18 12:35 W 24 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 9.8 -12.9 19% 7 76.94 0.0
18 12:15 NW 24 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 9.6 -12.7 19% 7 76.99 0.0
18 11:55 W 30 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 9.3 -11.9 9.3 -0.7 21% 6 77.04 0.0
18 11:30 NW 22 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 8.5 -11.6 23% 6 77.06 0.0
18 11:15 NW 19 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 8.4 -12.9 21% 6 77.06 0.0
18 10:55 NW 15 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 7.8 -12 23% 6 77.11 0.0
18 10:35 NW 19 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 7.4 -11.7 25% 5 77.11 0.0
18 10:15 NW 17 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 7.1 -10.2 28% 4 77.14 0.0
18 09:55 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 6.5 -8.7 33% 4 77.17 0.0
18 09:35 NW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 5.5 -7.4 39% 4 77.17 0.0
18 09:15 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 5 -6.2 45% 3 77.17 0.0
18 08:55 NW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 4.4 -5.5 49% 2 77.17 0.0
18 08:35 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 3.8 -4.3 56% 1 77.14 0.0
18 08:15 NW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 2.9 -4.6 58% 1 77.09 0.0
18 07:55 NW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 1.6 -5.1 61% -0 77.09 0.0
18 07:35 NW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 0.6 -5.4 65% -2 77.06 0.0
18 07:15 NW 7 16.09 Fair CLR -0.7 -5.7 69% -3 77.04 0.0
18 06:55 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 0.3 -6.1 63% -3 77.04 0.0
18 06:35 NW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 1 -6.2 59% -2 77.04 0.0
18 06:15 NW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 1.6 -6.1 57% -1 77.01 0.0
18 05:55 N 17 16.09 Fair CLR 2.4 -6.8 6.7 2.4 51% -1 77.01 0.0
18 05:35 N 22 16.09 Fair CLR 2.7 -6.9 50% -2 77.01 0.0
18 05:15 NW 20 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 3 -6.5 50% -1 76.99 0.0
18 04:55 N 28 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 3.4 -6 51% -1 76.96 0.0
18 04:35 NW 22 16.09 Fair CLR 4 -3.5 58% -0 76.96 0.0
18 04:15 N 20 16.09 Fair CLR 4.1 -1.3 68% 0 76.94 0.0
18 03:55 N 28 G 33 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 5 -0.9 66% 1 76.94 0.0
18 03:35 N 22 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT100 BKN120 5.5 -0.1 68% 2 76.96 0.0
18 03:15 N 28 G 33 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT080 SCT100 BKN120 5.5 -0.1 68% 1 76.89 0.0
18 02:55 NW 24 G 33 16.09 Light Rain SCT080 SCT090 OVC120 5.5 0 68% 2 76.91 0.0
18 02:35 N 19 16.09 Overcast SCT070 BKN085 OVC110 5.8 0.4 69% 3 76.91 0.0
18 02:15 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC070 5.5 1 73% 3 76.91 0.0
18 01:55 N 17 G 31 16.09 Overcast SCT033 SCT043 OVC070 5 1.1 76% 2 76.91 0.0
18 01:35 N 22 16.09 Light Rain SCT036 OVC043 5 1.1 76% 1 76.94 0.0
18 01:15 N 20 G 37 16.09 Light Rain SCT043 BKN055 OVC065 6.2 -0.1 64% 3 76.91 0.0
18 00:55 N 19 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC060 6.5 0.6 66% 3 76.91 0.0
18 00:35 N 22 G 39 16.09 Light Rain SCT070 OVC080 6.1 0.8 69% 3 76.91 0.0
18 00:15 N 26 G 31 16.09 Light Drizzle SCT050 SCT055 OVC080 6.2 0.9 69% 2 76.86 0.0
17 23:55 NW 24 16.09 Light Rain BKN050 BKN070 OVC080 6.8 0.6 10.9 6.6 65% 3 76.89 0.0
17 23:35 NW 19 16.09 Light Drizzle BKN060 OVC070 6.8 1.5 69% 4 76.94 0.0
17 23:15 N 26 G 35 16.09 Rain OVC060 7 1.1 66% 3 76.94 0.0
17 22:55 N 30 G 43 16.09 Overcast OVC060 8 0.3 59% 4 76.84 0.0
17 22:35 N 28 G 43 16.09 Overcast OVC050 8.2 0.9 60% 5 76.76 0.0
17 22:15 N 24 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC050 9.2 0.1 53% 6 76.78 0.0
17 21:55 N 24 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC050 9.2 0.1 53% 6 76.78 0.0
17 21:35 N 24 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC050 9.1 0.4 55% 6 76.78 0.0
17 21:15 N 22 G 35 16.09 Light Rain OVC050 9.3 0.3 54% 7 76.76 0.0
17 20:55 N 19 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC050 9.5 0.5 54% 7 76.76 0.0
17 20:35 N 20 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC050 9.8 0.3 52% 7 76.73 0.0
17 20:15 N 28 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC050 9.8 0.4 52% 7 76.73 0.0
17 19:55 N 28 G 41 16.09 Overcast OVC050 10 0.2 51% 7 76.71 0.0
17 19:35 N 20 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC050 10 0.2 51% 8 76.68 0.0
17 19:15 N 20 G 41 16.09 Overcast OVC050 10.5 0.7 51% 76.71 0.0
17 18:55 N 28 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC050 10.7 1.7 54% 76.66 0.0
17 18:35 N 24 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC050 10.8 1.8 54% 76.68 0.0
17 18:15 N 20 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC048 10.8 1.4 53% 76.63 0.0
17 17:55 N 28 G 41 16.09 Overcast OVC046 10.8 1.7 15 10.8 54% 76.61 0.0
17 17:35 N 31 G 41 16.09 Overcast OVC044 11 1 50% 76.61 0.0
17 17:15 N 28 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC044 11.3 1.9 53% 76.58 0.0
17 16:55 N 22 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC046 11.6 1.5 50% 76.58 0.0
17 16:35 N 26 G 33 16.09 Overcast BKN046 OVC060 12 0.7 46% 76.58 0.0
17 16:15 N 19 G 33 16.09 Overcast SCT046 OVC060 12.3 1.4 48% 76.56 0.0
17 15:55 N 31 G 41 16.09 Overcast SCT048 OVC060 12.3 1.2 47% 76.56 0.0
17 15:35 N 31 G 41 16.09 Overcast SCT050 OVC060 12.6 1.2 46% 76.56 0.0
17 15:15 N 26 G 39 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT050 BKN065 13 1.3 45% 76.53 0.0
17 14:55 N 26 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC048 13.2 1.3 45% 76.53 0.0
17 14:35 N 26 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC048 13 1.6 46% 76.56 0.0
17 14:15 N 28 16.09 Overcast OVC048 12.7 1.1 45% 76.53 0.0
17 13:55 N 26 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC046 13.6 1.1 43% 76.53 0.0
17 13:35 N 22 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC046 13.6 2 46% 76.5 0.0
17 13:15 N 17 G 26 16.09 Overcast BKN046 OVC110 13.8 1.8 44% 76.53 0.0
17 12:55 N 26 G 35 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT048 BKN110 14.6 2.3 44% 76.53 0.0
17 12:35 N 20 G 28 16.09 Overcast BKN050 OVC110 14.2 2.2 45% 76.53 0.0
17 12:15 N 19 G 26 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN050 BKN095 BKN120 14.4 2.7 46% 76.56 0.0
17 11:55 N 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT095 BKN120 13.9 2.6 14.5 12 47% 76.58 0.0
17 11:35 N 15 G 31 16.09 Overcast BKN100 OVC120 14.4 3.2 47% 76.58 0.0
17 11:15 N 17 16.09 Overcast SCT042 OVC100 14.1 3.9 51% 76.61 0.0
17 10:55 N 19 G 28 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 BKN120 14.1 3.8 50% 76.63 0.0
17 10:35 NE 19 G 28 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 BKN120 13.8 6.4 61% 76.63 0.0
17 10:15 N 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 13.9 7.3 65% 76.63 0.0
17 09:55 NE 11 G 28 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 13.1 7.2 68% 76.63 0.0
17 09:35 N 15 G 28 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT100 12.3 7 70% 76.63 0.0
17 09:15 N 19 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 12 6.7 70% 76.58 0.0
17 08:55 N 19 G 30 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT041 12 6.9 71% 76.58 0.0
17 08:35 NE 17 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT041 12.4 6.9 69% 76.56 0.0
17 08:15 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 12.1 6.9 71% 76.53 0.0
17 07:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT100 12.1 7.2 72% 76.5 0.0
17 07:35 N 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 12 6.8 71% 76.48 0.0
17 07:15 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC110 12.3 6.6 68% 76.48 0.0
17 06:55 N 13 16.09 Overcast OVC110 12.3 7.2 71% 76.48 0.0
17 06:35 N 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 12.4 7.5 72% 76.45 0.0
17 06:15 N 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT045 SCT110 12.5 8 74% 76.43 0.0
17 05:55 N 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT047 12.7 8.8 16.6 12.3 77% 76.4 0.0 0.25
17 05:35 N 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT047 BKN100 12.7 9.4 81% 76.4 0.0
17 05:15 N 15 G 26 16.09 Overcast OVC100 13 10 82% 76.4 0.0
17 04:55 N 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 BKN120 13 10.5 85% 76.38 0.0
17 04:35 N 24 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT042 SCT050 SCT065 13.5 11.2 86% 76.38 0.0
17 04:15 N 26 G 33 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT023 SCT042 BKN060 14 12.1 88% 76.35 0.0
17 03:55 Calm 11.27 Overcast OVC110 12.6 11.4 92% 76.3 0.0
17 03:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC100 13.4 12.1 92% 76.3 0.0
17 03:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC100 13.8 12.5 92% 76.3 0.0
17 02:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 13.4 11.8 90% 76.3 0.0 0.25 0.25
17 02:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT015 SCT039 SCT048 14.3 11.9 86% 76.3 0.0 0.25
17 02:15 SW 9 4.83 Heavy Rain SCT013 BKN041 BKN070 15.1 13.5 90% 76.3 0.0 0.23
17 01:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN043 BKN049 BKN060 13.8 12.1 90% 76.3 0.0
17 01:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN045 12.8 11 89% 76.3 0.0
17 01:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN047 13 11.1 88% 76.3 0.0
17 00:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT043 BKN049 12.9 11.2 90% 76.3 0.0
17 00:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT043 BKN049 14.5 12.1 86% 76.3 0.0
17 00:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 13.7 11.9 89% 76.3 0.0
16 23:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 14.5 11.5 16.2 14 82% 76.3 0.0
16 23:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN050 BKN070 15.9 12.4 80% 76.3 0.0
16 23:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN050 BKN060 15.9 12.2 79% 76.33 0.0
16 22:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT047 BKN060 15.8 12 78% 76.35 0.0
16 22:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 15.1 11.2 78% 76.33 0.0
16 22:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15.5 11.6 78% 76.33 0.0
16 21:55 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 15.6 11.6 77% 76.33 0.0
16 21:35 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15.6 11.5 77% 76.3 0.0
16 21:15 SE 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT065 15.5 11.1 75% 76.3 0.0
16 20:55 SE 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN065 15.1 11.1 77% 76.33 0.0
16 20:35 S 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT065 14.6 10.8 78% 76.33 0.0
16 20:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.1 10.8 81% 76.33 0.0
16 19:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.6 10.6 77% 76.3 0.0
16 19:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.9 10.7 76% 76.3 0.0
16 19:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 SCT065 15.2 10.4 73% 76.3 0.0
16 18:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN050 OVC060 15.4 10.1 71% 76.28 0.0
16 18:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT044 OVC060 15.8 10.2 70% 76.28 0.0
16 18:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN046 BKN060 16.1 10.2 68% 76.25 0.0
16 17:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT046 BKN050 16 10 20.6 16 68% 76.25 0.0
16 17:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN048 16.3 9.9 66% 76.25 0.0
16 17:15 S 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN048 17 9.6 62% 76.23 0.0
16 16:55 S 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT048 17.8 9.5 58% 76.23 0.0
16 16:35 S 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN050 18.6 9.1 54% 76.23 0.0
16 16:15 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 19.2 8.5 50% 76.23 0.0
16 15:55 S 22 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT046 19.5 8.2 48% 76.2 0.0
16 15:35 S 19 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT046 19.6 8.1 48% 76.23 0.0
16 15:15 S 26 G 33 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT043 20.2 8.2 46% 76.23 0.0
16 14:55 S 22 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT045 20 7.5 45% 76.2 0.0
16 14:35 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 20.5 7.9 44% 76.23 0.0
16 14:15 S 20 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 20.4 7.7 44% 76.2 0.0
16 13:55 S 26 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 20.4 7.2 43% 76.23 0.0
16 13:35 S 26 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 20.5 7.3 43% 76.23 0.0
16 13:15 S 22 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 20.3 7.2 43% 76.25 0.0
16 12:55 S 26 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 20.5 7 42% 76.28 0.0
16 12:35 S 22 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 20 6.8 42% 76.3 0.0
16 12:15 SW 20 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 20 6.8 42% 76.33 0.0
16 11:55 S 22 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 19.8 6.5 20.1 -0.9 42% 76.35 0.0
16 11:35 S 24 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 19.5 6.2 42% 76.38 0.0
16 11:15 S 17 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 19.1 6 43% 76.4 0.0
16 10:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 18.5 6.6 46% 76.43 0.0
16 10:35 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 17.9 6.7 48% 76.43 0.0
16 10:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 6.3 48% 76.45 0.0
16 09:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.7 6.1 50% 76.45 0.0
16 09:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 16.2 5.8 50% 76.45 0.0
16 09:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15.1 6.4 56% 76.45 0.0
16 08:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 6.1 61% 76.45 0.0
16 08:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12 6.7 70% 76.43 0.0
16 08:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 7.9 6 88% 76.43 0.0
16 07:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 2.3 0.5 88% 76.43 0.0
16 07:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 0.5 -0.7 92% 76.43 0.0
16 07:15 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR -0.4 -1.9 90% 76.4 0.0
16 06:55 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR -0.6 -2.1 90% 76.4 0.0
16 06:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR -0.6 -2 90% 76.4 0.0
16 06:15 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR -0.7 -2.1 90% 76.4 0.0
16 05:55 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 0 -1.3 0.8 -1.3 91% 76.38 0.0
16 05:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.1 -1.6 90% 76.38 0.0
16 05:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.8 -2.5 88% 76.38 0.0
16 04:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.5 -2.1 89% 76.38 0.0
16 04:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR -0.6 -2.3 88% 76.38 0.0
16 04:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.6 -2.2 89% 76.38 0.0
16 03:55 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR -0.7 -2.5 88% 76.38 0.0
16 03:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0.6 -1.1 89% 76.38 0.0
16 03:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -1.5 90% 76.38 0.0
16 02:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0.3 -1.3 89% 76.35 0.0
16 02:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.2 -2.8 89% 76.35 0.0
16 02:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1 -2.7 88% 76.38 0.0
16 01:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -2 87% 76.4 0.0
16 01:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.5 -2.7 85% 76.4 0.0
16 01:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0.1 -1.2 91% 76.4 0.0
16 00:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.3 -2.8 90% 76.4 0.0
16 00:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -2.1 86% 76.4 0.0
16 00:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.1 -2.3 85% 76.43 0.0
15 23:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0 -2.1 8 -1.5 86% 76.43 0.0
15 23:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.1 -3.1 86% 76.43 0.0
15 23:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0.2 -2.6 82% 76.43 0.0
15 22:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.3 -3.3 86% 76.45 0.0
15 22:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.3 -3.3 86% 76.5 0.0
15 22:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.1 -3.2 86% 76.53 0.0
15 21:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -1.1 -3.4 85% 76.5 0.0
15 21:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.4 -3.2 82% 76.53 0.0
15 21:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.6 -3.5 81% 76.53 0.0
15 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR -0.2 -3.3 80% 76.53 0.0
15 20:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 1.5 -2.8 73% 76.53 0.0
15 20:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 0.3 -3.1 78% 76.53 0.0
15 19:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 1.3 -3.1 73% 76.5 0.0
15 19:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 1 -3.1 74% 76.53 0.0
15 19:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 2.6 -3.6 64% 76.53 0.0
15 18:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 3.8 -3.6 59% 76.53 0.0
15 18:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 4.1 -4 56% 76.5 0.0
15 18:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 7.8 -4.8 41% 76.5 0.0
15 17:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 7.1 -5.7 13.5 7.1 40% 76.5 0.0
15 17:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 8.1 -6.9 34% 76.5 0.0
15 17:15 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 10.5 -8.7 25% 76.48 0.0
15 16:55 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 11.3 -8.4 24% 76.48 0.0
15 16:35 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR 12 -8.3 24% 76.48 0.0
15 16:15 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 12.5 -8.6 22% 76.5 0.0
15 15:55 NW 19 16.09 Fair CLR 12.9 -7.4 24% 76.48 0.0
15 15:35 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 13 -7.6 23% 76.5 0.0
15 15:15 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 13.1 -9.7 20% 76.5 0.0
15 14:55 NW 20 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 13.1 -9.9 19% 76.5 0.0
15 14:35 W 17 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 12.9 -9.8 20% 76.53 0.0
15 14:15 NW 15 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 13 -9.7 20% 76.53 0.0
Date Time (cst) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)