National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Hutchinson, Hutchinson Municipal Airport-Butler Field
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
24 15:55 SW 13 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 8.4 31% 27 76 0.0
24 15:35 SW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 9.5 33% 27 76.02 0.0
24 15:15 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27 8.7 32% 26 76.02 0.0
24 14:55 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 26.4 8.1 31% 26 76.05 0.0
24 14:35 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 26.2 8.7 33% 26 76.05 0.0
24 14:15 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.8 7.4 31% 26 76.07 0.0
24 13:55 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 26.1 8.4 33% 26 76.1 0.0
24 13:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25.2 8.8 35% 26 76.12 0.0
24 13:15 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.8 9.4 38% 26 76.12 0.0
24 12:55 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR 24.6 10.9 24.6 10.3 42% 26 76.15 0.0
24 12:35 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR 23.7 12.6 50% 76.17 0.0
24 12:15 SW 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 23.1 13.1 53% 76.2 0.0
24 11:55 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 22.9 13.1 54% 76.2 0.0
24 11:35 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 21.9 12.4 55% 76.2 0.0
24 11:15 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 21.5 12.8 58% 76.2 0.0
24 10:55 SW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 20.8 12.1 58% 76.2 0.0
24 10:35 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 20.4 12.5 61% 76.23 0.0
24 10:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 19.7 12.1 62% 76.23 0.0
24 09:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 19.2 12.5 65% 76.23 0.0
24 09:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 18.6 11.7 64% 76.23 0.0
24 09:15 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 18.2 11.6 66% 76.23 0.0
24 08:55 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 11.3 67% 76.23 0.0
24 08:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 16.6 11.3 71% 76.23 0.0
24 08:15 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 15.6 11.6 77% 76.23 0.0
24 07:55 S 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT090 14.2 11 81% 76.23 0.0
24 07:35 S 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT090 13.3 11.2 87% 76.23 0.0
24 07:15 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 11.4 11 97% 76.2 0.0
24 06:55 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 10 9.7 10 6.6 98% 76.17 0.0
24 06:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 8.9 8.6 98% 76.17 0.0
24 06:15 SE 6 6.44 Fog/Mist CLR 8.7 8.3 97% 76.17 0.0
24 05:55 SE 7 6.44 Fog/Mist CLR 8.4 8.2 99% 8 76.17 0.0
24 05:36 E 6 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT090 SCT120 8.8 8.5 98% 76.17 0.0
24 05:15 SE 7 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT070 SCT080 BKN120 9 8.7 98% 8 76.17 0.0
24 04:55 Calm 11.27 Mostly Cloudy SCT070 BKN090 8.7 8.4 98% 76.2 0.0
24 04:35 SE 6 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT070 SCT120 7.9 7.6 98% 76.2 0.0
24 04:15 Calm 4.83 Fog/Mist SCT070 6.7 6.4 98% 76.2 0.0
24 03:55 Calm 1.21 Thunderstorm Fog/Mist VV005 6.7 6.4 98% 76.2 0.0
24 03:35 Calm 4.02 Fog/Mist CLR 7.5 7.2 98% 76.17 0.0
24 03:15 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 7.6 7.3 98% 76.2 0.0
24 02:55 Calm 2.82 Fog/Mist VV007 7.7 7.5 99% 76.2 0.0
24 02:35 S 6 11.27 Fair CLR 8.4 8.1 98% 76.2 0.0
24 02:15 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 8.5 8.2 98% 76.17 0.0
24 01:55 Calm 0.80 Fog VV005 6.7 6.4 98% 76.2 0.0
24 01:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 7.9 7.6 98% 76.2 0.0
24 01:15 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 8.1 7.8 98% 76.23 0.0
24 00:55 Calm 2.82 Fog/Mist VV007 7.8 7.6 17.9 7.8 99% 76.23 0.0
24 00:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 8.2 7.9 98% 76.23 0.0
24 00:15 SE 6 11.27 Fair CLR 8.8 8.5 98% 76.23 0.0
23 23:55 Calm 1.61 Fog/Mist VV007 9 8.7 98% 76.23 0.0
23 23:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 10 9.6 97% 76.23 0.0
23 23:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 9.3 8.7 96% 76.23 0.0
23 22:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 10.6 10.3 98% 76.23 0.0
23 22:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 10.3 9.8 97% 76.23 0.0
23 22:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 10.9 9.8 93% 76.2 0.0
23 21:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12.2 10.2 88% 76.17 0.0
23 21:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12.3 10.2 87% 76.17 0.0
23 21:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.4 10.1 81% 76.2 0.0
23 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.5 10 75% 76.17 0.0
23 20:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16 11 72% 76.17 0.0
23 20:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.6 11 70% 76.17 0.0
23 19:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 17.2 10 63% 76.15 0.0
23 19:35 NW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 9.8 61% 76.15 0.0
23 19:15 W 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT037 SCT044 17.8 10.3 62% 76.15 0.0
23 18:55 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 17.9 10.2 18.5 13.6 61% 76.12 0.0
23 18:35 W 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT036 SCT043 SCT049 18.2 10.4 61% 76.12 0.0
23 18:15 W 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT034 BKN045 17.4 10.1 62% 76.12 0.0
23 17:55 W 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT047 17.2 10 63% 76.12 0.0
23 17:35 W 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT047 17.3 10 62% 76.12 0.0
23 17:15 W 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT037 17.3 10.1 63% 76.12 0.0
23 16:55 W 19 16.09 Overcast OVC035 16.6 10.2 66% 76.12 0.0
23 16:36 W 19 16.09 Overcast SCT027 OVC033 16.3 9.4 64% 76.12 0.0
23 16:15 W 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT026 BKN032 16.1 10 67% 76.12 0.0
23 15:55 W 20 G 26 16.09 Overcast BKN026 OVC032 15.8 10.5 71% 76.15 0.0
23 15:35 W 15 16.09 Overcast SCT020 OVC026 15.2 10.5 74% 76.15 0.0
23 15:15 W 17 16.09 Overcast SCT021 OVC028 15.3 10.7 74% 76.15 0.0
23 14:55 W 19 16.09 Overcast SCT017 OVC024 14.8 10.9 78% 76.15 0.0
23 14:35 W 20 16.09 Overcast BKN017 OVC026 14.6 11 79% 76.12 0.0
23 14:15 W 17 16.09 Overcast BKN015 OVC026 14.4 11 80% 76.12 0.0
23 13:55 W 17 16.09 Overcast BKN017 OVC024 14.4 11 80% 76.1 0.0
23 13:35 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC017 14 10.7 81% 76.1 0.0
23 13:15 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC015 13.8 10.8 82% 76.1 0.0
23 12:55 W 17 G 26 16.09 Overcast OVC015 13.7 10.6 13.7 11.2 82% 76.1 0.0
23 12:35 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC013 13.2 10 81% 76.07 0.0
23 12:15 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC013 13.2 10.1 82% 76.07 0.0
23 11:55 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC013 12.8 9.6 81% 76.07 0.0
23 11:35 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC015 12.6 9.3 81% 76.05 0.0
23 11:15 W 11 16.09 Overcast OVC015 12.7 9.2 79% 76.05 0.0
23 10:55 W 19 16.09 Overcast OVC015 12 8.9 82% 76.05 0.0
23 10:35 W 15 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC015 11.7 8.7 82% 76.05 0.0
23 10:15 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC015 11.7 9 84% 76.05 0.0
23 09:55 W 20 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC015 11.9 9 83% 76.02 0.0
23 09:35 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC012 11.9 9.5 85% 76 0.0
23 09:15 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC008 11.5 9.9 90% 76 0.0
23 08:55 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC008 11.5 10 91% 76 0.0
23 08:35 SW 9 16.09 Overcast OVC008 11.3 10.2 93% 76 0.0
23 08:15 SW 7 16.09 Overcast BKN010 OVC013 11.3 10 92% 75.97 0.0
23 07:55 SW 11 16.09 Overcast OVC012 11.5 10 91% 75.97 0.0
23 07:35 SW 9 16.09 Overcast SCT009 OVC014 11.6 10 90% 75.95 0.0
23 07:15 SW 11 16.09 Overcast OVC012 11.6 10.1 91% 75.95 0.0
23 06:55 SW 15 16.09 Overcast OVC010 12 10.5 12.8 12 91% 75.95 0.0
23 06:35 SW 11 16.09 Overcast OVC010 12.5 11 91% 75.9 0.0
23 06:15 SW 15 G 26 16.09 Overcast OVC012 12.7 11.5 92% 75.9 0.0
23 05:55 S 11 16.09 Overcast OVC012 12.6 11.7 94% 75.87 0.0
23 05:35 S 13 16.09 Overcast OVC016 12.5 11.5 94% 75.84 0.0
23 05:15 S 15 16.09 Overcast OVC016 12.5 11.3 92% 75.84 0.0
23 04:55 S 17 16.09 Overcast OVC012 12.5 11.3 92% 75.84 0.0
23 04:35 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC012 12.3 11.1 92% 75.84 0.0
23 04:15 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC014 12.4 11 91% 75.87 0.0
23 03:55 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC016 12.5 10.8 89% 75.87 0.0
23 03:35 SE 15 16.09 Overcast BKN016 OVC026 12.2 10.8 91% 75.87 0.0
23 03:15 SE 20 16.09 Overcast OVC018 12.5 10.7 89% 75.84 0.0
23 02:55 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC018 12.3 10.7 90% 75.87 0.0
23 02:35 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC020 12.3 10.6 89% 75.87 0.0
23 02:15 SE 20 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC020 12.5 10.5 88% 75.87 0.0
23 01:55 SE 20 16.09 Overcast OVC022 12.5 10.5 88% 75.9 0.0
23 01:35 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC022 12.5 10.6 88% 75.9 0.0
23 01:15 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC026 12.6 10.7 88% 75.9 0.0
23 00:55 SE 24 16.09 Overcast OVC026 12.7 10.8 13 11.5 88% 75.92 0.0
23 00:35 SE 22 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC028 12.7 11 90% 75.92 0.0
23 00:15 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC030 12.7 11 90% 75.92 0.0
22 23:55 SE 19 16.09 Overcast BKN029 BKN049 OVC055 12.6 11 90% 75.92 0.0
22 23:35 SE 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT028 SCT043 BKN050 12.5 11 91% 75.95 0.0
22 23:15 SE 15 16.09 Overcast SCT030 BKN041 OVC070 12.7 11.1 90% 75.97 0.0
22 22:55 SE 17 16.09 Overcast BKN035 BKN042 OVC095 12.8 11 89% 75.97 0.0
22 22:35 SE 15 16.09 Overcast BKN030 BKN035 OVC041 12.8 11 89% 75.97 0.0
22 22:15 SE 17 16.09 Overcast BKN028 OVC034 12.8 11 89% 75.97 0.0
22 21:55 SE 15 16.09 Light Drizzle OVC030 12.6 10.8 89% 75.97 0.0
22 21:35 E 17 16.09 Overcast OVC028 12.5 10.7 89% 75.97 0.0
22 21:15 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC026 12 10.6 91% 75.97 0.0
22 20:55 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC026 11.7 10.5 92% 75.97 0.0
22 20:35 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC026 11.7 10.3 91% 75.97 0.0
22 20:15 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC026 11.6 10.2 91% 75.97 0.0
22 19:55 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC030 11.6 10.1 91% 75.97 0.0
22 19:35 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC032 11.6 10 90% 75.97 0.0
22 19:15 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC032 11.6 10.5 93% 75.97 0.0
22 18:55 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC034 11.5 10.6 11.5 10 94% 76 0.0 0.03 0.58
22 18:35 E 11 16.09 Overcast OVC034 11.5 10.5 94% 76.02 0.0 0.03
22 18:15 E 7 8.05 Drizzle OVC038 11.3 10.4 94% 76.05 0.0 0.03
22 17:55 E 11 11.27 Rain OVC040 11.3 10.5 95% 76.02 0.0 0.08
22 17:35 E 15 11.27 Rain OVC042 11.1 10.1 94% 76 0.0 0.05
22 17:15 E 20 16.09 Rain OVC044 11.1 10 93% 75.97 0.0 0.03
22 16:55 E 19 16.09 Light Drizzle OVC048 11 10 94% 75.97 0.0 0.03
22 16:35 E 22 G 31 16.09 Rain BKN050 OVC060 11 10 94% 76 0.0 0.03
22 16:15 E 24 G 31 16.09 Light Rain BKN050 OVC060 10.8 10.1 95% 76.02 0.0 0.03
22 15:55 E 19 G 28 11.27 Light Rain BKN050 OVC065 10.7 10.1 96% 76.07 0.0 0.15 0.46
22 15:35 E 24 G 30 11.27 Light Rain SCT033 BKN050 OVC065 10.5 9.8 95% 76.1 0.0 0.13
22 15:15 E 22 G 35 8.05 Rain SCT033 BKN043 OVC065 10.4 9.6 95% 76.1 0.0 0.08
22 14:55 E 19 G 33 8.05 Rain SCT033 BKN050 OVC065 10.3 9.5 95% 76.15 0.0 0.28
22 14:35 E 13 11.27 Light Rain SCT035 BKN055 OVC065 10.3 9.2 93% 76.23 0.0 0.15
22 14:15 E 15 11.27 Rain SCT036 BKN055 OVC075 10.3 9.1 92% 76.25 0.0 0.05
22 13:55 E 20 G 28 16.09 Light Rain SCT050 BKN065 OVC085 10.5 8.7 89% 76.28 0.0
22 13:35 E 15 16.09 Light Rain SCT055 OVC065 10.3 8.6 89% 76.3 0.0
22 13:15 E 13 16.09 Light Rain SCT055 OVC065 10.2 9.1 93% 76.3 0.0
22 12:55 E 15 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC075 10.1 9.1 10.1 7.5 94% 76.33 0.0 0.08 0.56
22 12:35 E 17 11.27 Rain SCT036 BKN060 OVC070 9.8 9.1 95% 8 76.35 0.0 0.08
22 12:15 E 19 8.05 Light Rain SCT013 SCT026 OVC050 9.6 9 96% 7 76.38 0.0 0.05
22 11:55 E 17 8.05 Rain BKN013 OVC046 9.5 8.7 95% 7 76.4 0.0 0.2
22 11:35 SE 17 8.05 Rain SCT015 SCT035 OVC046 9.6 8.6 94% 7 76.43 0.0 0.1
22 11:15 E 17 11.27 Light Rain BKN035 OVC048 9.6 8.5 93% 7 76.4 0.0 0.03
22 10:55 SE 13 8.05 Light Rain SCT014 SCT032 OVC040 9.6 8.2 91% 8 76.43 0.0 0.03
22 10:35 SE 15 16.09 Light Rain OVC038 9.3 8 92% 7 76.43 0.0
22 10:15 E 15 16.09 Drizzle BKN033 BKN040 OVC046 9 7.5 90% 7 76.43 0.0
22 09:55 E 15 16.09 Drizzle OVC042 8.5 7 90% 6 76.43 0.0 0.03 0.23
22 09:35 E 15 16.09 Light Rain OVC042 8.2 7 92% 6 76.43 0.0 0.03
22 09:15 E 15 16.09 Rain SCT014 OVC038 7.9 6.6 92% 6 76.43 0.0
22 08:55 E 15 16.09 Light Rain BKN014 OVC040 7.7 6.5 92% 5 76.45 0.0 0.15
22 08:35 E 15 11.27 Rain OVC038 7.6 6.3 92% 5 76.45 0.0 0.1
22 08:15 E 15 11.27 Rain BKN035 OVC043 7.6 6 90% 5 76.45 0.0 0.05
22 07:55 E 15 16.09 Light Rain BKN047 OVC055 7.7 5.8 88% 5 76.45 0.0 0.03
22 07:35 E 17 16.09 Rain BKN040 OVC047 7.7 5.5 86% 5 76.45 0.0 0.03
22 07:15 E 19 16.09 Light Drizzle SCT030 OVC040 7.7 5.2 84% 5 76.45 0.0
22 06:55 E 19 16.09 Light Rain BKN030 OVC036 7.8 4.9 10 7.5 82% 5 76.48 0.0
22 06:35 E 13 16.09 Overcast BKN038 OVC046 8 4.5 79% 6 76.48 0.0
22 06:15 E 13 16.09 Light Rain SCT026 BKN050 OVC055 7.7 4.8 82% 6 76.48 0.0
22 05:55 E 11 16.09 Light Rain SCT050 SCT065 OVC080 7.6 4.7 82% 6 76.48 0.0
22 05:35 E 15 16.09 Rain SCT070 OVC080 8 4 76% 6 76.5 0.0
22 05:15 E 15 16.09 Drizzle SCT050 OVC065 8.5 3.4 71% 6 76.5 0.0
22 04:55 SE 17 16.09 Rain SCT040 OVC050 9 2.6 65% 7 76.5 0.0
22 04:35 SE 15 16.09 Overcast BKN040 BKN048 OVC060 9.7 1.1 55% 8 76.53 0.0
22 04:15 E 15 16.09 Overcast SCT040 OVC060 9.8 0.9 54% 8 76.53 0.0
22 03:55 E 17 16.09 Overcast SCT040 OVC050 9.8 0.7 53% 8 76.5 0.0
22 03:35 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT040 OVC050 9.7 0.6 53% 8 76.53 0.0
22 03:15 E 17 16.09 Overcast SCT042 OVC050 9.8 0.5 53% 8 76.5 0.0
22 02:55 E 17 G 26 16.09 Overcast SCT042 OVC060 9.8 0.5 53% 8 76.53 0.0
22 02:35 E 15 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC075 9.7 1.1 55% 8 76.56 0.0
22 02:15 E 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN075 9.5 1.6 58% 8 76.56 0.0
22 01:55 E 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 9.2 1.8 60% 7 76.58 0.0
22 01:35 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 9.5 1.7 59% 8 76.61 0.0
22 01:15 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 9.6 1.8 59% 8 76.61 0.0
22 00:55 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 10 1.7 16.7 10 57% 8 76.58 0.0
22 00:35 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 10.2 1.9 57% 76.58 0.0
22 00:15 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 10.6 2 56% 76.58 0.0
21 23:55 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 10.5 2.2 57% 76.58 0.0
21 23:35 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 11 2.4 56% 76.61 0.0
21 23:15 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR 11.5 2.5 54% 76.61 0.0
21 22:55 E 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 12.2 2.4 51% 76.61 0.0
21 22:35 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 12 2.5 53% 76.63 0.0
21 22:15 E 17 16.09 Fair CLR 12.3 2.3 51% 76.63 0.0
21 21:55 E 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 12 3 54% 76.63 0.0
21 21:35 E 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 12.7 3 52% 76.63 0.0
21 21:15 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC110 13.5 2.5 48% 76.63 0.0
21 20:55 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC120 13.6 2.6 48% 76.63 0.0
21 20:35 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC120 14.1 2.2 45% 76.61 0.0
21 20:15 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC120 14.5 1.8 42% 76.61 0.0
21 19:55 SE 22 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 15 2.1 42% 76.61 0.0
21 19:35 SE 24 G 33 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 15.8 2.5 41% 76.61 0.0
21 19:15 SE 28 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 16.5 3.1 41% 76.58 0.0
21 18:55 SE 30 16.09 Fair CLR 16.8 3 18.4 15.6 40% 76.61 0.0
21 18:35 SE 22 16.09 Fair CLR 17 3.3 40% 76.58 0.0
21 18:15 SE 26 G 31 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 17.1 3.9 42% 76.61 0.0
21 17:55 SE 24 G 31 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 17.1 3.9 42% 76.61 0.0
21 17:35 SE 22 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 17.5 4.6 43% 76.61 0.0
21 17:15 SE 20 G 28 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN055 17.3 4.8 44% 76.63 0.0
21 16:55 SE 28 G 33 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN055 BKN095 17.6 4.9 43% 76.63 0.0
21 16:35 SE 24 G 33 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN055 18.3 5.1 42% 76.66 0.0
21 16:15 S 24 G 37 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 17.4 5.3 45% 76.66 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)