National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Lincolnton, Lincolnton-Lincoln County Regional Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (est) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
21 12:15 SW 6 16.09 Overcast SCT050 OVC075 15 8.4 65% 76.15 0.0
21 11:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT055 BKN070 OVC085 14.9 8.1 64% 76.2 0.0
21 11:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC085 14 8.9 72% 76.17 0.0
21 11:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN095 BKN120 13.2 8.4 73% 76.2 0.0
21 10:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN095 BKN120 12.5 9.3 81% 76.17 0.0
21 10:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC095 10.9 8.9 88% 76.17 0.0
21 10:10 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC095 10.5 8.6 88% 76.2 0.0
21 09:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC095 10.1 8.2 88% 76.17 0.0 0.03
21 09:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN095 10.1 8.7 91% 76.17 0.0
21 09:15 S 6 16.09 Overcast SCT042 SCT065 OVC095 9.6 8.6 94% 76.17 0.0
21 08:55 Calm 16.09 Light Rain SCT042 BKN065 OVC095 9.7 8.5 92% 76.2 0.0
21 08:35 SW 9 16.09 Light Rain SCT033 SCT044 OVC095 9.6 8.7 94% 9 76.2 0.0
21 08:15 Calm 16.09 Light Rain SCT033 SCT042 OVC095 9.4 8.2 92% 76.15 0.0
21 07:55 Calm 16.09 Drizzle SCT040 SCT048 OVC095 9.2 8 92% 76.17 0.0 0.03
21 07:35 Calm 16.09 Drizzle SCT049 SCT060 OVC095 9.2 7.5 89% 76.12 0.0 0.03
21 07:15 Calm 16.09 Light Rain SCT050 BKN075 OVC095 9.1 7.5 90% 76.12 0.0 0.03
21 06:55 NW 6 16.09 Light Rain SCT050 SCT065 OVC095 9.1 7.7 15.8 9 91% 76.15 0.0 0.13 0.61
21 06:35 Calm 16.09 Light Rain SCT055 BKN065 OVC095 9.2 7.5 89% 76.15 0.0 0.13
21 06:15 NW 6 16.09 Rain SCT030 BKN060 OVC085 10 6.6 80% 76.17 0.0 0.08
21 05:55 W 13 8.05 Heavy Rain SCT026 BKN048 OVC055 10 7.2 83% 8 76.23 0.0 0.43
21 05:35 NW 9 8.05 Heavy Rain SCT025 BKN047 OVC065 10.2 7.4 83% 76.12 0.0 0.23
21 05:15 W 6 16.09 Heavy Rain SCT050 BKN070 OVC090 11.6 6.1 69% 76.1 0.0 0.08
21 04:55 NW 13 16.09 Rain SCT070 OVC090 13.3 5.5 59% 76.07 0.0 0.03
21 04:35 W 9 16.09 Light Rain OVC080 13.4 4.4 55% 76.05 0.0
21 04:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC080 15.1 1.3 39% 75.92 0.0
21 03:55 NW 6 16.09 Overcast OVC080 15.7 0.4 36% 75.92 0.0
21 03:35 N 7 16.09 Overcast OVC080 15.1 0.1 36% 75.92 0.0
21 03:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 13.4 2.8 49% 75.92 0.0
21 02:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 11.3 5.5 68% 75.95 0.0
21 02:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 11.8 4.1 60% 75.95 0.0
21 02:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 11.1 4.3 63% 75.95 0.0
21 01:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 10.9 5.2 68% 75.92 0.0
21 01:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC090 11.2 4.1 62% 75.92 0.0
21 01:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN090 OVC110 10.2 2.9 61% 75.95 0.0
21 00:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 10 3 21 9.6 62% 75.95 0.0
21 00:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC100 10.9 2.9 58% 75.95 0.0
21 00:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 10.5 3.5 62% 75.95 0.0
20 23:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 10.3 3.4 63% 75.9 0.0
20 23:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 10.7 3.7 62% 75.9 0.0
20 23:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 10.4 1.1 53% 75.9 0.0
20 22:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 9.6 2 59% 75.92 0.0
20 22:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 9.7 2.5 61% 75.9 0.0
20 22:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 11.5 2.6 55% 75.87 0.0
20 21:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12.7 0.7 44% 75.9 0.0
20 21:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 1.2 43% 75.9 0.0
20 21:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16 -1.9 29% 75.9 0.0
20 20:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 16.2 -1.6 30% 75.87 0.0
20 20:35 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 19 -3.4 22% 75.87 0.0
20 20:15 NW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 18.7 -2.9 23% 75.84 0.0
20 19:55 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 19 -2.5 23% 75.84 0.0
20 19:35 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 19.4 -2.2 23% 75.82 0.0
20 19:15 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 20.2 -2.4 22% 75.82 0.0
20 18:55 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 21.2 -2.5 27.2 21.2 20% 75.79 0.0
20 18:35 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 21.6 -1.9 21% 75.74 0.0
20 18:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.8 -1.6 20% 75.72 0.0
20 17:55 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 23.9 -1.6 18% 24 75.67 0.0
20 17:35 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.8 -1.6 17% 25 75.64 0.0
20 17:15 W 19 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 -1.6 16% 25 75.62 0.0
20 16:55 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR 26.1 -1.4 16% 25 75.59 0.0
20 16:35 W 28 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 -2.2 15% 26 75.59 0.0
20 16:15 W 28 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 26.7 -2.3 15% 26 75.59 0.0
20 15:55 W 28 G 50 16.09 Fair CLR 27 -1.7 15% 26 75.57 0.0
20 15:35 W 22 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 26.7 -1.5 16% 26 75.54 0.0
20 15:15 W 17 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 26.7 -1.1 16% 26 75.54 0.0
20 14:55 W 17 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 26.3 -1.8 16% 26 75.54 0.0
20 14:35 W 26 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 -1.6 16% 26 75.54 0.0
20 14:15 W 28 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 26 -2.4 15% 25 75.54 0.0
20 13:55 W 22 G 56 16.09 Fair CLR 26.4 -1.9 15% 26 75.54 0.0
20 13:35 W 41 G 54 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 26.1 -1.5 16% 25 75.51 0.0
20 13:15 W 22 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 4.6 26% 25 75.54 0.0
20 12:55 W 19 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 24.3 5.9 24.4 15.6 31% 25 75.54 0.0 0.3
20 12:35 W 9 G 15 16.09 Fair CLR 23.4 7.5 36% 75.57 0.0
20 12:15 W 15 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 7.5 37% 75.59 0.0
20 11:55 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 22.1 10 46% 75.59 0.0
20 11:15 W 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 20 12.9 64% 75.62 0.0
20 10:55 SW 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 17.9 14.1 79% 75.62 0.0
20 10:35 SW 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT070 BKN110 16.5 14.5 88% 75.62 0.0
20 10:15 SW 7 16.09 Light Rain SCT055 BKN070 OVC080 15.7 14 90% 75.62 0.0
20 09:55 SW 17 16.09 Light Rain SCT018 SCT048 OVC080 16.2 14.1 87% 75.62 0.0 0.3 0.3
20 09:35 NW 6 G 37 1.21 Rain SCT014 OVC020 16.8 14.6 87% 75.62 0.0 0.28
20 09:15 W 15 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC020 20.3 16.5 79% 75.54 0.0
20 08:55 SW 22 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC020 20.3 16.5 79% 75.51 0.0
20 08:35 SW 22 G 35 16.09 Overcast BKN020 OVC028 20.1 16.5 80% 75.49 0.0
20 08:15 SW 22 G 31 16.09 Overcast BKN020 OVC028 19.7 16.4 81% 75.46 0.0
20 07:55 SW 24 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC020 19.6 16.4 82% 75.46 0.0
20 07:35 SW 26 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC020 19.4 16.3 82% 75.44 0.0
20 07:15 SW 19 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC020 19.1 16.1 83% 75.39 0.0
20 06:55 SW 19 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC020 19 16 19 12.9 83% 75.41 0.0
20 06:35 SW 15 16.09 Overcast OVC020 18.7 16 84% 75.41 0.0
20 06:15 SW 20 G 33 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN020 18.7 15.9 84% 75.41 0.0
20 05:55 SW 20 G 33 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT019 18.6 15.8 84% 75.39 0.0
20 05:35 SW 22 G 30 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT019 SCT027 18.5 15.6 83% 75.41 0.0
20 05:15 SW 15 G 26 16.09 Overcast OVC021 18.4 15.5 83% 75.44 0.0
20 04:55 SW 11 16.09 Overcast BKN021 OVC028 18 15.2 84% 75.44 0.0
20 04:35 S 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT023 BKN028 BKN036 18 15.1 83% 75.44 0.0
20 04:15 S 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT026 17.5 14.9 85% 75.44 0.0
20 03:55 S 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN028 BKN090 17.7 14.7 83% 75.44 0.0
20 03:35 S 9 16.09 Overcast SCT030 SCT060 OVC090 18 14.8 82% 75.49 0.0
20 03:15 S 9 16.09 Overcast SCT080 OVC090 18 14.7 81% 75.51 0.0
20 02:55 S 7 16.09 Overcast BKN080 OVC090 18.2 14.7 80% 75.51 0.0
20 02:35 S 7 16.09 Overcast OVC090 18.2 14.6 80% 75.54 0.0
20 02:15 SW 7 16.09 Overcast OVC080 18.1 14.5 80% 75.57 0.0
20 01:55 SW 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT055 BKN080 17.9 14.5 81% 75.59 0.0
20 01:35 SW 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 16.8 14.3 85% 75.59 0.0
20 01:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 11.7 89% 75.59 0.0
20 00:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT065 13.4 11.9 21 13.3 91% 75.59 0.0
20 00:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 SCT055 SCT065 14.1 12.3 89% 75.59 0.0
20 00:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.4 11.4 88% 75.59 0.0
19 23:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.2 11.7 85% 75.59 0.0
19 23:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 14.1 12 87% 75.62 0.0
19 23:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 15 12.6 86% 75.62 0.0
19 22:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 16.2 12.5 79% 75.62 0.0
19 22:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN055 BKN065 17.7 13 74% 75.62 0.0
19 22:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT055 BKN065 17.5 12.9 75% 75.62 0.0
19 21:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 SCT065 16.5 12.5 77% 75.62 0.0
19 21:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT055 BKN065 17.4 12.5 73% 75.64 0.0
19 21:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT055 BKN065 18.8 12.8 68% 75.62 0.0
19 20:55 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 19.4 12.8 66% 75.62 0.0
19 20:35 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 19.1 12.6 66% 75.62 0.0
19 20:15 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 18.9 12.4 66% 75.62 0.0
19 19:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 19.7 12.2 62% 75.62 0.0
19 19:35 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 12.2 61% 75.62 0.0
19 19:15 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 20.5 12 58% 75.62 0.0
19 18:55 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 21.1 11.9 24.8 19.3 56% 75.62 0.0
19 18:35 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 21.4 11.9 55% 75.59 0.0
19 18:15 SW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 22 12 53% 75.59 0.0
19 17:55 SW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 22.6 12 51% 75.59 0.0
19 17:35 SW 19 G 26 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT080 23.1 11.9 49% 75.57 0.0
19 17:15 SW 15 16.09 Overcast SCT060 BKN070 OVC080 23.6 11.8 48% 75.59 0.0
19 16:55 SW 15 G 20 16.09 Overcast SCT060 OVC075 23.1 11.6 48% 75.59 0.0
19 16:35 SW 22 G 39 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC075 23.5 11.3 46% 75.62 0.0
19 16:15 SW 28 G 39 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 SCT075 23.7 11.5 46% 75.59 0.0
19 15:55 SW 26 G 41 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 24.1 11.7 46% 25 75.54 0.0
19 15:35 SW 33 G 46 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN050 BKN065 24.1 12.2 47% 25 75.57 0.0
19 15:15 SW 30 G 37 16.09 Overcast SCT045 BKN050 OVC065 24.4 12.7 48% 26 75.57 0.0
19 14:55 SW 19 G 31 16.09 Overcast BKN046 OVC050 22.8 12.6 53% 75.59 0.0
19 14:35 SW 37 G 46 16.09 Overcast and Breezy BKN043 OVC049 22.6 12.6 53% 75.62 0.0
19 14:15 SW 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT036 BKN043 BKN049 22.9 13.1 54% 75.64 0.0
19 13:55 SW 24 G 50 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT033 SCT043 22.6 13.1 55% 75.64 0.0
19 13:35 SW 20 G 33 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT025 BKN033 21.6 14.7 65% 75.69 0.0
19 13:15 SW 20 G 30 16.09 Overcast SCT018 OVC025 20.1 15 73% 75.72 0.0
19 12:55 SW 19 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC016 19.5 15.1 19.5 14.7 76% 75.74 0.0
19 12:35 S 9 16.09 Overcast OVC012 17.7 15 84% 75.79 0.0
19 12:15 SW 19 16.09 Overcast OVC012 17.5 14.8 84% 75.82 0.0
19 11:55 SW 13 16.09 Light Rain OVC014 17.6 14.5 82% 75.84 0.0
19 11:35 SW 13 16.09 Overcast OVC014 17.6 14.3 81% 75.84 0.0
19 11:15 SW 9 16.09 Overcast OVC014 17.6 14.2 81% 75.84 0.0
19 10:55 SW 13 16.09 Overcast OVC012 17.5 14 80% 75.84 0.0
19 10:35 SW 15 16.09 Overcast OVC012 16.8 13.8 83% 75.84 0.0
19 10:15 SW 11 16.09 Overcast OVC012 16.6 13.6 83% 75.84 0.0
19 09:55 SW 15 16.09 Overcast OVC012 16.5 13.5 83% 75.87 0.0
19 09:35 SW 13 16.09 Overcast OVC012 16 13.2 84% 75.87 0.0
19 09:15 SW 9 16.09 Overcast BKN014 OVC090 16.2 13.2 83% 75.84 0.0
19 08:55 S 9 16.09 Overcast OVC014 15.5 13 85% 75.84 0.0
19 08:35 S 7 16.09 Overcast OVC018 15.1 12.9 87% 75.87 0.0
19 08:15 S 6 16.09 Overcast OVC018 15 12.7 86% 75.9 0.0
19 07:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC018 14.8 12.8 88% 75.9 0.0
19 07:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC020 14.7 13 90% 75.84 0.0
19 06:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC020 15 13.1 15.6 14.8 89% 75.82 0.0
19 06:35 SW 6 16.09 Overcast BKN022 BKN060 OVC080 15 13.2 89% 75.82 0.0
19 06:15 S 7 16.09 Overcast BKN022 OVC060 15.2 13.3 89% 75.82 0.0
19 05:55 S 6 16.09 Overcast OVC024 15.5 13.4 87% 75.82 0.0
19 05:35 S 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN026 BKN034 BKN040 15.1 13 87% 75.82 0.0
19 05:15 S 6 16.09 Overcast BKN030 BKN040 OVC060 15.5 13 85% 75.82 0.0
19 04:55 SW 9 16.09 Overcast SCT032 BKN041 OVC060 15.3 12.6 84% 75.82 0.0
19 04:35 SW 7 16.09 Overcast OVC041 15.1 12.2 83% 75.82 0.0
19 04:15 SW 9 16.09 Overcast SCT041 BKN047 OVC060 15.2 12.1 82% 75.82 0.0
19 03:55 SW 11 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC075 15.2 12 81% 75.84 0.0
19 03:35 W 9 16.09 Overcast SCT060 OVC075 15.3 12 81% 75.84 0.0
19 03:15 SW 7 16.09 Overcast OVC075 15.1 11.8 81% 75.84 0.0
19 02:55 SW 15 16.09 Overcast SCT075 OVC090 15.4 11.9 80% 75.84 0.0
19 02:35 SW 17 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC090 15.6 11.9 79% 75.84 0.0
19 02:15 SW 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 15.2 11.6 79% 75.84 0.0
19 01:55 SW 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 15.2 11.5 79% 75.87 0.0
19 01:35 SW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 15 11.5 80% 75.84 0.0
19 01:15 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 15.1 11.4 79% 75.82 0.0
19 00:55 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 15.4 11.5 17.2 15.4 78% 75.82 0.0
19 00:35 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15.5 11.5 77% 75.84 0.0
19 00:15 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15.5 11.5 77% 75.87 0.0
18 23:55 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15.6 11.4 76% 75.9 0.0
18 23:35 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15.8 11.5 76% 75.9 0.0
18 23:15 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15.9 11.5 75% 75.9 0.0
18 22:55 SW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 15.6 11.4 76% 75.9 0.0
18 22:35 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 15.6 11.3 76% 75.9 0.0
18 22:15 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 15.8 11.2 74% 75.9 0.0
18 21:55 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15.9 11.2 74% 75.87 0.0
18 21:35 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 16.2 11.2 72% 75.84 0.0
18 21:15 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 16.5 11.2 71% 75.84 0.0
18 20:55 SW 19 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 16.7 11.3 71% 75.84 0.0
18 20:35 SW 22 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 16.7 11.3 71% 75.87 0.0
18 20:15 SW 15 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 16.6 11.1 70% 75.87 0.0
18 19:55 SW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 16.7 11 69% 75.9 0.0
18 19:35 SW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 17 11 68% 75.87 0.0
18 19:15 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 10.8 67% 75.9 0.0
18 18:55 SW 17 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 17 10.8 20.2 17 67% 75.9 0.0
18 18:35 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 17.6 10.8 65% 75.9 0.0
18 18:15 SW 19 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 18 10.8 63% 75.87 0.0
18 17:55 SW 17 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 18.5 10.6 60% 75.84 0.0
18 17:35 SW 13 G 19 16.09 Fair CLR 18.9 10.3 58% 75.84 0.0
18 17:15 SW 22 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 19.2 10.2 56% 75.84 0.0
18 16:55 SW 28 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 19.7 10.1 54% 75.84 0.0
18 16:35 SW 19 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 20 10.2 53% 75.82 0.0
18 16:15 SW 26 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 10.1 53% 75.82 0.0
18 15:55 SW 31 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 10 52% 75.82 0.0
18 15:35 SW 28 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 20 10 53% 75.84 0.0
18 15:15 SW 20 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 19.7 10.6 56% 75.87 0.0
18 14:55 SW 28 G 35 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT037 19.6 10.6 56% 75.84 0.0
18 14:35 SW 24 G 37 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN037 19.5 10.5 56% 75.87 0.0
18 14:15 SW 22 G 31 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN037 19.8 10.8 56% 75.9 0.0
18 13:55 S 20 G 35 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN035 19.9 10.8 56% 75.9 0.0
18 13:35 SW 22 G 31 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT031 19.3 10.8 58% 75.92 0.0
18 13:15 SW 26 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC031 18.4 10.8 61% 75.95 0.0
18 12:55 SW 26 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC029 18 11 18 11.5 64% 75.95 0.0
Date Time (est) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)