National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Lincolnton, Lincolnton-Lincoln County Regional Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (edt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
24 07:35 Calm 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 14 13.6 97% 76.76 0.0
24 07:15 NE 6 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.9 13.6 98% 76.76 0.0
24 06:55 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.8 13.5 98% 76.76 0.0
24 06:35 NE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC005 13.8 13.4 97% 76.76 0.0
24 06:15 NE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC005 13.7 13.4 98% 76.73 0.0
24 05:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC005 13.8 13.4 97% 76.73 0.0
24 05:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC005 13.7 13.4 98% 76.71 0.0
24 05:15 NE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC005 13.6 13.4 99% 76.68 0.0
24 04:55 NE 9 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.6 13.3 98% 76.68 0.0
24 04:35 NE 7 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.7 13.5 99% 76.71 0.0
24 04:15 NE 9 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.7 13.5 99% 76.71 0.0
24 03:55 NE 9 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.6 13.5 99% 76.71 0.0
24 03:35 NE 6 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.6 13.4 99% 76.73 0.0
24 03:15 NE 7 3.22 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.6 13.5 99% 76.73 0.0
24 02:55 N 6 2.82 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.8 13.5 98% 76.73 0.0
24 02:35 Calm 2.41 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.7 13.5 99% 76.76 0.0
24 02:15 Calm 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.8 13.5 98% 76.76 0.0
24 01:55 N 7 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.8 13.5 14.8 13.8 98% 76.73 0.0
24 01:35 NE 9 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 13.9 13.6 98% 76.73 0.0
24 01:15 N 7 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 14 13.6 97% 76.76 0.0
24 00:55 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 14 13.6 97% 76.78 0.0
24 00:35 NE 6 3.22 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.1 13.8 98% 76.76 0.0
24 00:15 N 7 3.22 Fog/Mist OVC003 14 13.7 98% 76.78 0.0
23 23:55 N 6 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.1 13.8 98% 76.78 0.0
23 23:35 N 9 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.2 14 99% 76.76 0.0
23 23:15 NE 7 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.2 13.9 98% 76.81 0.0
23 22:55 NE 7 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.3 14 98% 76.84 0.0
23 22:35 NE 7 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.4 14.1 98% 76.81 0.0
23 22:15 NE 6 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.3 14 98% 76.81 0.0
23 21:55 N 7 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.5 14.1 97% 76.78 0.0
23 21:35 N 6 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.7 14.3 97% 76.76 0.0
23 21:15 N 6 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.5 14.1 97% 76.73 0.0
23 20:55 NE 6 11.27 Overcast OVC003 14.6 14.2 97% 76.71 0.0
23 20:35 NE 7 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.7 14.4 98% 76.71 0.0
23 20:15 N 7 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.7 14.4 98% 76.71 0.0
23 19:55 NE 7 2.82 Light Rain OVC003 14.8 14.4 15.8 14.6 97% 76.71 0.0
23 19:35 Calm 4.02 Light Rain OVC003 14.8 14.4 97% 76.73 0.0
23 19:15 NE 6 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.7 14.3 97% 76.76 0.0
23 18:55 NE 7 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.7 14.3 97% 76.73 0.0
23 18:35 N 9 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.6 14.2 97% 76.66 0.0
23 18:15 NE 15 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.9 14.3 96% 76.63 0.0
23 17:55 NE 11 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 15 14.4 96% 76.66 0.0
23 17:35 NE 9 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 15 14.3 96% 76.68 0.0
23 17:15 NE 11 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.2 14.5 96% 76.71 0.0
23 16:55 NE 9 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.2 14.5 96% 76.71 0.0
23 16:35 NE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.1 14.5 96% 76.71 0.0
23 16:15 NE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.3 14.6 96% 76.71 0.0
23 15:55 NE 11 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.5 14.6 94% 76.71 0.0
23 15:35 NE 17 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.5 14.7 95% 76.71 0.0
23 15:15 NE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.7 14.9 95% 76.71 0.0
23 14:55 N 11 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 15.7 15 96% 76.71 0.0
23 14:35 N 11 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.7 15 96% 76.73 0.0
23 14:15 N 9 11.27 Overcast OVC005 15.6 14.9 96% 76.76 0.0
23 13:55 NE 11 11.27 Overcast OVC005 15.7 15 15.8 14.8 96% 76.76 0.0 0.2
23 13:35 N 13 16.09 Overcast OVC005 15.6 14.9 96% 76.76 0.0
23 13:15 NE 6 16.09 Light Drizzle OVC005 15.6 14.9 96% 76.76 0.0
23 12:50 NE 9 16.09 Light Rain OVC005 15.6 15 96% 76.76 0.0 0.05
23 12:35 NE 13 16.09 Light Rain OVC005 15.6 14.9 96% 76.78 0.0 0.05
23 12:15 NE 11 11.27 Rain OVC003 15.5 15 97% 76.78 0.0 0.03
23 11:50 NE 9 8.05 Light Rain OVC003 15.6 15.1 97% 76.78 0.0 0.05
23 11:35 NE 11 4.83 Light Rain OVC003 15.6 15.2 97% 76.81 0.0 0.03
23 11:15 NE 6 6.44 Light Rain OVC003 15.5 15.1 97% 76.78 0.0
23 10:55 NE 6 8.05 Light Rain OVC003 15.5 15.1 97% 76.78 0.0 0.1
23 10:35 NE 13 16.09 Light Drizzle OVC003 15.5 15.1 97% 76.78 0.0
23 10:15 NE 7 16.09 Light Rain OVC003 15.5 15.1 97% 76.78 0.0
23 09:55 NE 9 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 15.2 14.9 98% 76.78 0.0 0.08
23 09:35 NE 9 8.05 Light Rain OVC003 15 14.7 98% 76.76 0.0 0.05
23 09:15 NE 7 8.05 Light Rain OVC003 15 14.7 98% 76.76 0.0 0.05
23 08:55 NE 9 8.05 Light Rain OVC003 15 14.6 97% 76.78 0.0 0.03
23 08:35 NE 9 8.05 Light Rain OVC003 15 14.7 98% 76.76 0.0
23 08:15 NE 7 4.83 Rain OVC003 15 14.7 98% 76.76 0.0
23 07:55 NE 7 4.02 Rain OVC003 14.9 14.7 15 14.5 99% 76.76 0.0 0.03 0.08
23 07:35 NE 7 2.41 Light Rain OVC003 14.8 14.6 99% 76.76 0.0
23 06:55 NE 7 4.02 Light Drizzle OVC003 14.6 14.5 99% 76.71 0.0
23 06:35 NE 6 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.6 14.3 98% 76.71 0.0
23 06:15 NE 6 6.44 Drizzle OVC003 14.6 14.4 99% 76.68 0.0
23 05:55 NE 9 6.44 Drizzle OVC003 14.6 14.3 98% 76.66 0.0 0.03
23 05:35 NE 11 6.44 Drizzle OVC003 14.5 14.2 98% 76.66 0.0 0.03
23 05:15 NE 9 6.44 Drizzle OVC003 14.5 14.2 98% 76.66 0.0 0.03
23 04:55 N 9 6.44 Drizzle OVC003 14.5 14.2 98% 76.66 0.0 0.03
23 04:35 NE 7 11.27 Overcast OVC003 14.6 14.2 97% 76.66 0.0
23 04:15 Calm 11.27 Overcast OVC005 14.6 14.2 97% 76.66 0.0
23 03:55 N 6 16.09 Overcast OVC005 14.6 14.2 97% 76.66 0.0
23 03:35 Calm 16.09 Drizzle OVC005 14.5 14.1 97% 76.66 0.0
23 03:15 N 7 16.09 Light Drizzle OVC005 14.6 14.1 97% 76.66 0.0
23 02:55 NE 7 16.09 Light Drizzle OVC005 14.5 14 97% 76.63 0.0 0.03
23 02:35 N 6 16.09 Light Rain OVC005 14.5 14 97% 76.66 0.0 0.03
23 02:15 N 7 16.09 Light Rain OVC005 14.5 14 97% 76.66 0.0
23 01:55 NE 7 16.09 Light Rain OVC005 14.5 14 15.5 14.5 97% 76.63 0.0 0.18 1.04
23 01:35 NE 13 16.09 Light Rain OVC005 14.5 14 97% 76.61 0.0 0.13
23 01:15 NE 9 16.09 Rain OVC005 14.6 14.1 97% 76.66 0.0 0.08
23 00:55 N 11 16.09 Rain OVC005 14.7 14.2 97% 76.68 0.0 0.25
23 00:35 NE 9 11.27 Rain OVC005 14.7 14.3 97% 76.71 0.0 0.2
23 00:15 NE 11 11.27 Rain OVC005 15.1 14.6 97% 76.73 0.0 0.1
22 23:55 N 9 16.09 Light Rain OVC005 15 14.6 97% 76.73 0.0 0.05
22 23:35 NE 7 16.09 Light Rain OVC005 15.1 14.7 97% 76.73 0.0 0.03
22 23:15 Calm 16.09 Light Rain OVC005 15.2 14.8 97% 76.73 0.0
22 22:55 NE 9 16.09 Light Rain OVC007 15.1 14.7 97% 76.71 0.0 0.3 0.53
22 22:35 NE 9 11.27 Light Rain BKN007 OVC011 15.2 14.7 97% 76.68 0.0 0.28
22 22:15 NE 6 8.05 Heavy Rain BKN005 OVC011 15.2 14.7 97% 76.71 0.0 0.15
22 21:55 NE 7 8.05 Heavy Rain OVC003 15.2 14.7 97% 76.68 0.0 0.18
22 21:35 NE 9 11.27 Light Rain OVC003 15.5 15 97% 76.63 0.0 0.03
22 21:15 NE 7 11.27 Light Rain OVC003 15.5 15.1 97% 76.63 0.0
22 20:55 NE 13 11.27 Drizzle OVC003 15.5 15 97% 76.61 0.0 0.03
22 20:35 NE 11 8.05 Light Rain OVC003 15.4 15 97% 76.61 0.0 0.03
22 20:15 NE 9 6.44 Rain OVC003 15.4 15 97% 76.58 0.0
22 19:55 NE 13 4.83 Light Rain OVC003 15.5 15.1 16.4 15.5 97% 76.58 0.0 0.05 0.08
22 19:35 N 11 4.83 Light Rain OVC003 15.5 15.1 97% 76.58 0.0 0.03
22 19:15 NE 13 4.02 Light Rain OVC003 15.6 15.2 97% 76.56 0.0
22 18:55 NE 11 4.02 Light Rain OVC003 15.7 15.2 97% 76.56 0.0 0.03
22 18:35 NE 13 4.83 Light Rain OVC003 15.7 15.1 96% 76.56 0.0
22 18:15 NE 11 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 15.8 15.2 96% 76.53 0.0
22 17:55 NE 15 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 15.9 15.2 96% 76.56 0.0
22 17:35 NE 13 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 15.9 15.2 96% 76.56 0.0
22 17:15 NE 11 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 16 15.3 96% 76.56 0.0
22 16:55 NE 17 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 15.9 15.2 96% 76.56 0.0
22 16:35 N 11 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 16.1 15.4 96% 76.56 0.0
22 16:15 NE 17 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 16 15.4 96% 76.53 0.0
22 15:55 NE 15 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 15.9 15.3 96% 76.53 0.0
22 15:35 NE 17 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 16 15.5 97% 76.58 0.0
22 15:15 NE 15 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 16.1 15.5 96% 76.58 0.0
22 14:55 NE 11 11.27 Overcast OVC005 16.2 15.5 96% 76.61 0.0
22 14:35 NE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC005 16.3 15.6 96% 76.61 0.0
22 14:15 NE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC003 16.3 15.6 96% 76.58 0.0
22 13:55 NE 13 4.83 Light Rain OVC003 15.9 15.4 16.3 15.5 97% 76.61 0.0 0.3 0.48
22 13:35 NE 15 4.83 Heavy Rain OVC003 15.7 15.2 97% 76.61 0.0 0.18
22 13:15 NE 17 6.44 Light Rain OVC003 15.8 15.3 97% 76.61 0.0 0.05
22 12:55 NE 13 6.44 Rain OVC003 15.7 15.3 97% 76.66 0.0 0.18
22 12:35 NE 9 4.83 Rain OVC003 15.6 15.1 97% 76.66 0.0 0.13
22 12:15 NE 13 8.05 Light Rain OVC003 15.9 15.2 96% 76.66 0.0
22 11:55 NE 13 11.27 Light Rain OVC003 16.1 15.3 95% 76.66 0.0
22 11:35 NE 9 11.27 Overcast OVC003 16.2 15.3 94% 76.66 0.0
22 11:15 NE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC003 16.1 15.2 94% 76.66 0.0
22 10:55 NE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.9 15.1 95% 76.63 0.0
22 10:35 NE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC003 15.8 15 95% 76.63 0.0
22 10:15 NE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC003 15.8 15.1 96% 76.66 0.0
22 09:55 NE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC003 15.7 15 96% 76.66 0.0
22 09:35 NE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.7 15 96% 76.63 0.0
22 09:15 NE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.7 15 96% 76.63 0.0
22 08:55 NE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC003 15.7 15.1 96% 76.63 0.0
22 08:35 N 13 11.27 Overcast OVC003 15.9 15.4 97% 76.63 0.0
22 08:15 NE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC003 16.1 15.7 98% 76.61 0.0
22 07:55 N 13 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 16.1 15.7 20.1 16.1 98% 76.61 0.0 0.69
22 07:35 NE 13 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 16.4 16 98% 76.58 0.0
22 07:15 NE 13 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 16.6 16.1 97% 76.58 0.0
22 06:55 NE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC003 17.1 16.6 97% 76.58 0.0
22 06:35 NE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC005 17.4 16.9 97% 76.56 0.0
22 06:15 NE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC005 17.4 16.7 96% 76.53 0.0
22 05:55 E 15 G 26 16.09 Overcast OVC003 17.5 17 97% 76.53 0.0
22 05:35 NE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC003 17.8 17.3 97% 76.53 0.0
22 05:15 NE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC005 18 17.5 97% 76.53 0.0
22 04:55 NE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC005 18 17.5 97% 76.5 0.0 0.69
22 04:35 NE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC005 18.3 17.8 97% 76.5 0.0
22 04:15 NE 9 16.09 Light Rain BKN005 OVC012 18.7 18.2 97% 76.5 0.0
22 03:55 NE 13 6.44 Rain OVC005 19 18.5 97% 76.5 0.0 0.56
22 03:35 NE 15 16.09 Drizzle OVC005 19.3 18.7 96% 76.5 0.0 0.13
22 03:15 NE 15 11.27 Heavy Rain OVC005 19.6 19.1 97% 76.48 0.0 0.08
22 02:55 NE 7 11.27 Light Rain BKN005 OVC014 20 19.5 97% 76.48 0.0 0.13
22 02:35 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC007 20.1 19.5 96% 76.48 0.0
22 02:15 NE 6 16.09 Light Drizzle OVC010 20 19.5 97% 76.48 0.0
22 01:55 NE 11 8.05 Light Rain BKN008 OVC014 20 19.5 23.2 19.9 97% 76.48 0.0 0.36 0.43
22 01:35 NE 7 6.44 Heavy Rain OVC006 20.1 19.5 96% 76.5 0.0 0.18
22 01:15 Calm 16.09 Rain BKN008 OVC012 20.1 19.5 96% 76.53 0.0 0.03
22 00:55 NE 7 16.09 Overcast BKN012 BKN017 OVC055 20 19.2 95% 76.5 0.0 0.05
22 00:35 E 9 11.27 Rain SCT015 BKN050 OVC065 20.1 19.2 95% 76.5 0.0 0.05
22 00:15 S 7 16.09 Overcast BKN065 OVC075 20.3 19.1 93% 76.5 0.0
21 23:55 NE 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN075 20.4 19.1 92% 76.45 0.0
21 23:35 E 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 20.7 19.1 91% 76.45 0.0
21 23:15 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT085 20.8 19.1 90% 76.45 0.0
21 22:55 E 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 SCT120 21.1 19.1 88% 76.45 0.0 0.03 0.03
21 22:35 NE 9 16.09 Light Rain SCT032 BKN060 OVC120 21.5 19.1 86% 76.43 0.0 0.03
21 22:15 NE 7 16.09 Light Rain SCT060 BKN070 BKN090 21.8 19.5 87% 76.45 0.0
21 21:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 22 19.5 86% 76.43 0.0
21 21:35 E 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 21.7 19.5 87% 76.4 0.0
21 21:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22 19.7 87% 76.4 0.0
21 20:55 NE 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT085 SCT120 22.5 19.7 84% 76.38 0.0
21 20:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT085 BKN120 22.5 19.7 84% 76.38 0.0
21 20:15 SE 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT100 BKN120 22.7 19.5 82% 76.35 0.0
21 19:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 23.3 19.9 30.6 23.1 81% 76.33 0.0
21 19:35 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 23.4 19.7 80% 76.3 0.0
21 19:15 N 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 23.7 19.7 78% 76.28 0.0
21 18:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 23.6 20 80% 76.28 0.0
21 18:30 NE 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT030 SCT036 SCT044 23.8 20 79% 76.3 0.0
21 18:10 Calm 16.09 Light Rain SCT030 SCT044 BKN060 23.6 19.8 79% 76.3 0.0
21 17:55 N 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT060 SCT080 BKN120 24.1 19.5 76% 25 76.28 0.0
21 17:35 NW 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 24.6 19.5 73% 25 76.28 0.0
21 17:15 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 24.6 19.5 73% 25 76.28 0.0
21 16:55 NW 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 SCT090 25.5 19.8 71% 27 76.28 0.0
21 16:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 BKN080 SCT090 25.6 19.9 71% 27 76.28 0.0
21 16:15 NW 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 SCT075 SCT095 26.2 19.7 68% 27 76.28 0.0
21 15:55 SW 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT060 BKN075 BKN095 30 17.7 48% 31 76.25 0.0
21 15:35 SW 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 SCT075 SCT095 29.5 19.1 54% 31 76.25 0.0
21 15:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 30.1 17.8 48% 31 76.25 0.0
21 14:55 SW 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 29.5 19.1 54% 31 76.28 0.0
21 14:35 SW 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 27.6 22.7 75% 30 76.3 0.0
21 14:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 25.6 21.3 77% 27 76.33 0.0
21 13:55 NE 6 16.09 Overcast SCT018 BKN070 OVC090 23.7 20.5 30.6 19.6 82% 76.33 0.0 0.38 0.38
21 13:35 NE 6 8.05 Heavy Rain SCT022 SCT036 BKN048 26.6 20.1 68% 28 76.38 0.0 0.18
21 13:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 30 18.3 49% 31 76.35 0.0
21 12:55 SE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 30.3 18.9 51% 32 76.38 0.0
21 12:35 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 29.8 18.8 52% 31 76.38 0.0
21 12:15 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 29.3 18.7 53% 30 76.4 0.0
21 11:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 29.4 18.6 52% 31 76.4 0.0
21 11:35 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR 28.4 18.8 56% 30 76.4 0.0
21 11:15 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 27.6 18.6 58% 29 76.4 0.0
21 10:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 18.5 59% 28 76.43 0.0
21 10:30 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 26.6 18.7 62% 28 76.43 0.0
21 10:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 26 18.5 63% 27 76.43 0.0
21 09:55 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 18.6 65% 27 76.45 0.0
21 09:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 18.4 69% 25 76.45 0.0
21 09:15 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.4 18 72% 76.45 0.0
21 08:55 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.8 17.9 70% 76.43 0.0
21 08:35 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 18 73% 76.43 0.0
21 08:15 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 21.5 17.6 79% 76.43 0.0
Date Time (edt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)