Weather observations for the past three days for
Jacksonville, Cherokee County Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
08 14:35 Calm 12.87 Overcast OVC039 23.1 17.8 72% 75.79 0.0
08 14:15 Calm 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN043 BKN055 BKN270 23 17.4 71% 75.79 0.0
08 13:55 Vrbl 6 12.87 A Few Clouds FEW270 24 17.9 69% 25 75.79 0.0
08 13:35 Vrbl 6 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW060 23.3 17.7 71% 75.82 0.0
08 13:15 E 9 12.87 Mostly Cloudy FEW050 SCT060 SCT270 BKN290 BKN350 22.8 17.9 74% 75.87 0.0
08 12:55 Vrbl 9 11.27 Mostly Cloudy FEW040 BKN050 21.5 17.4 21.7 14.7 78% 75.9 0.0
08 12:35 SE 9 12.87 Overcast BKN040 OVC055 21.4 17.4 78% 75.92 0.0
08 12:15 E 9 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN041 BKN060 20.5 16.8 79% 75.95 0.0
08 11:55 NE 7 14.48 Overcast BKN030 OVC043 20 16.8 82% 76 0.0
08 11:35 NE 15 14.48 Overcast OVC030 20.3 16.7 80% 76 0.0
08 11:15 E 11 14.48 Overcast OVC030 18.8 15.9 83% 76.02 0.0
08 10:55 Vrbl 9 14.48 Overcast OVC030 18.8 15.7 82% 76.07 0.0
08 10:35 E 11 14.48 Overcast OVC029 18.8 15.9 83% 76.05 0.0
08 10:15 E 13 14.48 Overcast OVC029 18.5 16.1 86% 76.02 0.0
08 09:55 E 11 14.48 Overcast OVC030 17.8 16.1 90% 76.07 0.0
08 09:35 E 9 14.48 Overcast OVC030 17.2 16.1 93% 76.07 0.0
08 09:15 E 9 12.87 Overcast OVC029 16.2 15.7 97% 76.1 0.0
08 08:55 N 7 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN029 16.8 15.7 93% 76.07 0.0
08 08:35 Calm 12.87 A Few Clouds FEW030 16.2 15.4 95% 76.05 0.0
08 08:15 E 6 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW140 15.1 14.8 98% 76.02 0.0
08 07:55 NE 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN130 BKN160 14.7 14.7 100% 75.95 0.0
08 07:35 NE 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN130 14.9 14.7 99% 75.97 0.0
08 07:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN130 15.1 14.5 96% 76.02 0.0
08 06:55 E 6 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT130 14.8 14.2 16.1 14.8 96% 76.02 0.0
08 06:35 E 6 12.87 Mostly Cloudy FEW041 BKN130 BKN150 14.9 14.2 96% 76.02 0.0
08 06:15 NE 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW042 BKN120 15.1 14.1 94% 76.05 0.0
08 05:55 E 9 14.48 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 BKN140 15.1 14.2 94% 76.07 0.0
08 05:35 Calm 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT110 14.9 14.1 95% 76.07 0.0
08 05:15 E 6 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW110 14.9 14.1 95% 76.05 0.0
08 04:55 NE 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT110 BKN150 15.1 14.2 94% 76.05 0.0
08 04:35 E 6 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT120 SCT150 15.1 14.3 95% 76.05 0.0
08 04:15 NE 6 14.48 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 15.3 14.4 94% 76.05 0.0
08 03:55 Calm 14.48 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 15.1 14.4 96% 76.05 0.0
08 03:35 Calm 14.48 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 15.3 14.3 94% 76.05 0.0
08 03:15 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC110 15.6 14.1 91% 76.02 0.0
08 02:55 NE 7 16.09 Overcast BKN110 OVC260 15.7 14.2 91% 76.05 0.0
08 02:35 NE 7 16.09 Overcast BKN110 OVC260 15.8 14.2 90% 76.07 0.0
08 02:15 E 6 16.09 Overcast BKN100 OVC250 16 14 88% 76.07 0.0
08 01:55 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 BKN250 BKN280 16 13.8 87% 76.1 0.0
08 01:35 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW110 SCT280 15.8 13.8 88% 76.1 0.0
08 01:15 Calm 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW130 15.7 13.9 89% 76.1 0.0
08 00:55 NE 6 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW130 14.9 14.7 17.5 14.8 99% 76.1 0.0
08 00:35 NE 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN130 15.2 14.8 97% 76.1 0.0
08 00:15 Calm 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW130 15.5 14.6 94% 76.1 0.0
07 23:55 N 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN130 15.5 14.7 95% 76.1 0.0
07 23:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC130 15.9 14.7 93% 76.1 0.0
07 23:15 NE 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN140 15.2 15 99% 76.07 0.0
07 22:55 N 11 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT140 16 14.2 89% 76.1 0.0
07 22:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 16.2 14 87% 76.12 0.0
07 22:15 SE 7 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW200 15.9 14.3 90% 76.1 0.0
07 21:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW180 SCT210 16 14.3 90% 76.1 0.0
07 21:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN200 16.1 14 87% 76.1 0.0
07 21:15 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW150 BKN200 16.2 14 87% 76.05 0.0
07 20:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 BKN140 16.4 14.8 90% 76.12 0.0
07 20:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 16 14.9 93% 76.07 0.0
07 20:15 Calm 12.87 A Few Clouds FEW150 16.4 14.9 91% 76.1 0.0
07 19:55 Calm 12.87 A Few Clouds FEW150 16.5 15 91% 76.1 0.0
07 19:35 SW 9 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT150 17 14.6 86% 76.17 0.0
07 19:15 Calm 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN150 17.2 14.4 84% 76.1 0.0
07 18:55 N 7 12.87 Partly Cloudy FEW110 SCT140 17.4 14 19.5 17.4 81% 76.07 0.0
07 18:35 E 9 12.87 A Few Clouds FEW110 17.6 13.9 79% 76.05 0.0
07 18:15 Calm 12.87 A Few Clouds FEW210 17.9 13.8 77% 76.12 0.0
07 17:55 Calm 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN210 18.4 13.3 72% 76.12 0.0
07 17:35 NE 9 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN210 18.4 13.3 72% 76.1 0.0
07 17:15 E 9 14.48 Partly Cloudy FEW210 SCT340 SCT370 18.4 13.3 72% 76.1 0.0
07 16:55 NE 6 12.87 Partly Cloudy SCT210 18.4 12.7 70% 76.15 0.0
07 16:35 Vrbl 7 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT210 18.4 13.2 72% 76.15 0.0
07 16:15 NE 7 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW190 18.5 13.1 71% 76.12 0.0
07 15:15 E 7 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW190 18.5 12.6 69% 76.17 0.0
07 14:55 N 7 14.48 Partly Cloudy FEW200 SCT220 18.8 12.4 67% 76.2 0.0
07 14:35 Vrbl 9 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT210 SCT340 19.2 12.7 66% 76.23 0.0
07 14:15 N 15 14.48 Mostly Cloudy FEW200 SCT250 SCT300 BKN340 18.7 12.2 66% 76.2 0.0
07 13:55 NE 13 14.48 Mostly Cloudy FEW210 SCT300 SCT330 BKN370 18.8 12.4 67% 76.2 0.0
07 13:35 N 15 14.48 Partly Cloudy FEW210 SCT250 SCT320 SCT350 18.8 12.4 67% 76.23 0.0
07 13:15 N 15 14.48 Partly Cloudy FEW220 SCT340 19.1 12.1 64% 76.25 0.0
07 12:55 NE 17 12.87 Partly Cloudy FEW230 SCT340 SCT370 18.7 11.8 18.8 11.2 64% 76.28 0.0
07 12:35 N 17 12.87 Partly Cloudy FEW240 SCT310 SCT340 18.4 11.6 65% 76.28 0.0
07 12:15 N 17 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW240 18.7 11.8 64% 76.28 0.0
07 11:55 NE 20 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT240 17.7 11.3 66% 76.25 0.0
07 11:35 NE 20 12.87 Mostly Cloudy SCT240 SCT290 BKN370 18.3 11.6 65% 76.3 0.0
07 11:15 NE 22 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW230 17.8 11.5 67% 76.28 0.0
07 10:55 NE 15 14.48 Partly Cloudy FEW200 SCT230 16.2 11.1 72% 76.33 0.0
07 10:35 NE 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW180 SCT360 15 10.7 76% 76.33 0.0
07 10:15 NE 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW170 SCT370 14.2 10.5 79% 76.33 0.0
07 09:55 NE 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT170 SCT210 BKN380 13.8 11 83% 76.35 0.0
07 09:35 N 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT170 13.3 10.8 85% 76.35 0.0
07 09:15 N 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT170 SCT220 12.7 10.7 88% 76.33 0.0
07 08:55 NE 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT170 12.5 10.5 88% 76.38 0.0
07 08:35 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR 12.2 10.6 90% 76.38 0.0
07 08:15 N 9 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW350 11.9 10.4 91% 76.35 0.0
07 07:55 N 17 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT210 11.5 10.2 92% 76.33 0.0
07 07:35 N 13 14.48 Mostly Cloudy BKN200 11.3 10.2 93% 76.3 0.0
07 07:15 N 13 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT200 11.3 10.2 93% 76.3 0.0
07 06:55 N 11 14.48 Fair CLR 11.1 10.2 12.6 11.1 94% 76.3 0.0
07 06:35 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR 11.2 10.2 94% 76.28 0.0
07 06:15 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 11.3 10.2 93% 76.23 0.0
07 05:55 Vrbl 7 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW022 11.5 10.3 92% 76.23 0.0
07 05:35 NE 11 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW021 11.7 10.3 91% 76.17 0.0
07 05:15 NE 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN020 11.9 10.1 89% 76.12 0.0
07 04:55 NE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC021 12 10.4 90% 76.07 0.0
07 04:35 NE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC022 12 10.5 91% 76.1 0.0
07 04:15 NE 20 16.09 Overcast OVC021 12 10.6 91% 76.1 0.0
07 03:55 NE 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT022 11.9 11 94% 76.1 0.0
07 03:35 NE 19 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW022 12.1 11.1 94% 76.1 0.0
07 03:15 NE 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW010 SCT023 12.1 11.6 97% 76.1 0.0
07 02:55 NE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC008 12.2 11.9 98% 76.1 0.0
07 02:35 NE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC007 12.2 12.1 99% 76.12 0.0
07 02:15 NE 15 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC007 12.3 12.1 99% 76.12 0.0
07 01:55 NE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC007 12.4 12.2 99% 76.17 0.0
07 01:35 NE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC007 12.5 12.4 99% 76.15 0.0
07 01:15 N 15 16.09 Overcast OVC007 12.5 12.3 99% 76.15 0.0
07 00:55 N 19 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC006 12.6 12.4 15.9 12.6 99% 76.17 0.0
07 00:35 NE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC006 12.7 12.7 100% 76.17 0.0
07 00:15 N 20 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC004 12.8 12.8 100% 76.15 0.0
06 23:55 NE 15 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC004 13.2 13.2 100% 76.15 0.0
06 23:35 NE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC004 13.4 13.4 100% 76.15 0.0
06 23:15 N 17 16.09 Overcast OVC004 14.1 14.1 100% 76.12 0.0
06 22:55 NE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC005 14.3 14.3 100% 76.1 0.0
06 22:35 NE 15 16.09 Overcast BKN003 OVC010 14.3 14.3 100% 76.1 0.0
06 22:15 N 19 9.66 Fog/Mist OVC003 14.9 14.9 100% 76.07 0.0
06 21:55 NE 15 14.48 Overcast OVC004 14.9 14.9 100% 76.02 0.0
06 21:35 NE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC003 15.2 15.2 100% 76.02 0.0
06 21:15 NE 20 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC003 15.4 15.4 100% 75.95 0.0
06 20:55 NE 15 14.48 Overcast OVC003 15.5 15.5 100% 75.95 0.0
06 20:35 N 13 16.09 Overcast OVC004 15.6 15.6 100% 75.92 0.0
06 20:15 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC004 15.7 15.7 100% 75.9 0.0
06 19:55 N 13 16.09 Overcast OVC005 15.7 15.7 100% 75.87 0.0
06 19:35 N 15 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC005 15.8 15.8 100% 75.87 0.0
06 19:15 N 17 16.09 Overcast OVC005 15.9 15.9 100% 75.87 0.0
06 18:55 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC006 16 15.8 21.9 16 99% 75.87 0.0
06 18:35 N 15 16.09 Overcast OVC006 16.2 15.9 98% 75.87 0.0
06 18:15 N 15 16.09 Overcast OVC007 16.6 16 96% 75.84 0.0
06 17:55 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC010 17.3 16.3 94% 75.84 0.0
06 17:35 N 13 16.09 Overcast OVC010 17.4 16.3 93% 75.82 0.0
06 17:15 N 13 16.09 Overcast OVC012 18.2 16.7 91% 75.82 0.0
06 16:55 Vrbl 11 16.09 Overcast OVC015 19 16.9 88% 75.79 0.0
06 16:35 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC015 19.6 17.2 86% 75.79 0.0
06 16:15 N 9 16.09 Overcast OVC015 19.7 17.1 85% 75.79 0.0
06 15:55 NE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC015 20.3 17.4 84% 75.77 0.0
06 15:35 N 13 16.09 Overcast OVC016 19.8 17.2 85% 75.79 0.0
06 15:15 NW 11 16.09 Overcast OVC016 20.6 17.8 84% 75.77 0.0
06 14:55 N 17 16.09 Overcast OVC014 21.8 18.5 82% 75.77 0.0
06 14:35 N 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN013 BKN065 21.7 18.7 83% 75.77 0.0
06 14:15 N 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW008 SCT300 21.7 18.4 82% 75.77 0.0
06 13:55 E 6 16.09 Overcast BKN009 OVC350 20.5 17.6 84% 75.74 0.0
06 13:35 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC009 19.4 17.1 87% 75.77 0.0
06 13:15 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC009 18 16.2 89% 75.74 0.0
06 12:55 Vrbl 9 16.09 Overcast OVC009 17.2 15.7 24.3 16.5 91% 75.9 0.0
06 12:35 N 17 16.09 Overcast OVC009 16.7 15.4 92% 75.9 0.0
06 12:15 Vrbl 11 16.09 Overcast OVC009 16.8 15.7 93% 75.97 0.0
06 11:55 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC009 17 15.9 93% 76 0.0
06 11:35 N 13 16.09 Overcast OVC009 17.3 16.4 94% 75.97 0.0
06 11:15 NW 9 16.09 Overcast OVC008 18 16.9 93% 75.95 0.0
06 10:55 N 11 16.09 Overcast OVC008 18.5 17.3 93% 75.87 0.0
06 10:35 Vrbl 7 16.09 Overcast OVC007 19 17.9 93% 75.84 0.0
06 10:15 N 15 16.09 Overcast OVC007 18.9 18.1 95% 75.82 0.0
06 09:55 NW 13 12.87 Overcast OVC010 20.2 19.2 94% 75.79 0.0
06 09:35 SW 6 14.48 Overcast BKN007 OVC013 24.1 23.8 98% 23 75.74 0.0
06 09:15 S 7 12.87 Overcast BKN006 OVC012 23.4 23.4 100% 75.74 0.0
06 08:55 S 7 11.27 Overcast SCT004 OVC010 22.8 22.8 100% 75.74 0.0
06 08:35 S 7 9.66 Fog/Mist BKN004 BKN009 OVC017 22.7 22.7 100% 75.74 0.0
06 08:15 S 7 9.66 Fog/Mist OVC004 22.5 22.5 100% 75.74 0.0
06 07:55 SW 7 9.66 Fog/Mist OVC003 22.5 22.5 100% 75.74 0.0
06 07:35 S 6 9.66 Fog/Mist OVC003 22.4 22.4 100% 75.72 0.0
06 07:15 S 7 9.66 Fog/Mist OVC002 22.3 22.3 100% 75.72 0.0
06 06:55 SW 7 9.66 Fog/Mist OVC002 22.3 22.3 23.6 22.2 100% 75.69 0.0
06 06:35 S 11 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC002 22.2 22.2 100% 75.67 0.0
06 06:15 S 9 11.27 Overcast OVC002 22.2 22.2 100% 75.64 0.0
06 05:55 S 11 11.27 Overcast OVC002 22.2 22.2 100% 75.62 0.0
06 05:35 S 13 11.27 Overcast OVC003 22.3 22.3 100% 75.62 0.0
06 05:15 S 15 12.87 Overcast OVC004 22.4 22.4 100% 75.59 0.0
06 04:55 S 15 12.87 Overcast OVC004 22.6 22.6 100% 75.62 0.0
06 04:35 S 11 11.27 Overcast OVC005 22.8 22.8 100% 75.59 0.0
06 04:15 S 15 11.27 Overcast OVC006 22.9 22.9 100% 75.59 0.0
06 03:55 S 15 11.27 Overcast BKN008 OVC013 23.1 23.1 100% 75.59 0.0
06 03:35 S 15 11.27 Overcast BKN008 OVC013 23.2 23.2 100% 75.62 0.0
06 03:15 S 11 11.27 Overcast OVC009 23.2 23.2 100% 75.59 0.0
06 02:55 S 11 11.27 Overcast OVC012 23.2 23.2 100% 75.59 0.0
06 02:35 S 15 12.87 Overcast OVC013 23.2 23 99% 75.59 0.0
06 02:15 S 13 12.87 Overcast OVC013 23.4 23.2 99% 75.59 0.0
06 01:55 S 17 11.27 Overcast OVC013 23.5 23.3 99% 75.59 0.0
06 01:35 Vrbl 11 12.87 Overcast OVC013 23.5 23.3 99% 75.62 0.0
06 00:55 S 11 11.27 Overcast BKN010 OVC015 23.6 23.5 27 23.6 99% 75.62 0.0
06 00:35 S 9 12.87 Overcast OVC010 23.7 23.4 98% 75.62 0.0
06 00:15 S 9 12.87 Overcast OVC010 23.8 23.5 98% 75.62 0.0
05 23:55 SW 11 12.87 Partly Cloudy SCT012 23.9 23.4 97% 23 75.59 0.0
05 23:35 S 13 12.87 Fair CLR 23.9 23.4 97% 23 75.54 0.0
05 23:15 S 15 12.87 Fair CLR 24 23.4 96% 23 75.51 0.0
05 22:55 S 19 12.87 Fair CLR 24.1 23 94% 23 75.51 0.0
05 22:35 S 15 14.48 Fair CLR 24.3 22.8 91% 24 75.51 0.0
05 22:15 S 15 12.87 Fair CLR 24.7 22.6 88% 25 75.51 0.0
05 21:55 S 15 14.48 Fair CLR 25 22.6 87% 26 75.49 0.0
05 21:35 S 15 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT050 25.4 22.6 85% 27 75.49 0.0
05 21:15 S 15 14.48 Overcast FEW036 OVC050 25.7 22.6 83% 27 75.49 0.0
05 20:55 S 11 14.48 Overcast OVC044 25.9 22.8 83% 28 75.49 0.0
05 20:35 S 13 14.48 Overcast OVC042 25.9 22.8 83% 28 75.46 0.0
05 20:15 S 11 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN042 25.9 22.9 84% 28 75.44 0.0
05 19:55 S 11 11.27 A Few Clouds FEW040 26.1 22.9 83% 28 75.39 0.0
05 19:35 S 11 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT041 26.6 22.9 80% 29 75.39 0.0
05 19:15 S 15 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN041 27 22.8 78% 30 75.39 0.0
05 18:55 S 13 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN038 27.2 22.9 29.1 25.9 77% 30 75.39 0.0
05 18:35 S 19 G 26 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT037 27.5 23.1 77% 31 75.36 0.0
05 18:15 S 15 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT037 27.7 23 76% 31 75.36 0.0
05 17:55 S 15 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW035 28 22.9 74% 31 75.36 0.0
05 17:35 S 17 G 28 12.87 Fair CLR 27.9 22.7 73% 31 75.36 0.0
05 17:15 SW 17 G 33 12.87 Partly Cloudy SCT033 28.2 22.6 72% 31 75.36 0.0
05 16:55 S 17 G 31 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN033 28.6 23 72% 32 75.39 0.0
05 16:35 S 15 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN035 28.4 22.8 72% 32 75.39 0.0
05 16:15 S 20 G 33 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN031 BKN040 28.8 22.8 70% 32 75.41 0.0
05 15:55 SW 24 G 35 12.87 Partly Cloudy SCT031 28.8 22.6 69% 32 75.41 0.0
05 15:35 S 17 G 37 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT028 28.9 23 71% 33 75.41 0.0
05 15:15 S 22 G 37 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN028 28.2 22.7 72% 31 75.44 0.0
05 14:55 SW 22 G 35 12.87 Partly Cloudy SCT027 28 22.9 74% 31 75.44 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)