National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Chester County Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (edt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
25 19:35 E 15 9.66 Light Rain Fog/Mist OVC005 6.6 6.6 100% 4 76.05 0.0 0.08
25 19:15 E 11 4.02 Light Rain Fog/Mist BKN004 OVC012 6.7 6.7 100% 5 76.07 0.0 0.08
25 18:55 SE 19 11.27 Light Rain BKN006 OVC011 6.6 6.6 100% 4 76 0.0 0.1
25 18:35 SE 19 11.27 Light Rain BKN004 OVC009 6.7 6.7 100% 4 76 0.0 0.1
25 18:15 SE 13 6.44 Light Rain Fog/Mist BKN004 OVC009 6.7 6.7 100% 4 76 0.0 0.08
25 17:55 E 20 4.02 Light Rain Fog/Mist OVC004 6.7 6.7 100% 3 75.97 0.0 0.28
25 17:35 SE 17 4.83 Light Rain Fog/Mist OVC004 6.7 6.7 100% 4 76 0.0 0.18
25 17:15 SE 15 3.22 Light Rain Fog/Mist BKN005 BKN020 OVC030 6.7 6.7 100% 4 76 0.0 0.1
25 16:55 E 20 4.83 Light Rain Fog/Mist BKN005 BKN019 OVC030 6.8 6.8 100% 4 76 0.0 0.41 0.66
25 16:35 SE 19 2.82 Rain Fog/Mist BKN005 BKN012 BKN019 OVC029 6.9 6.9 100% 4 76.02 0.0 0.33
25 16:15 E 11 3.22 Light Rain Fog/Mist SCT006 BKN012 OVC029 7.4 7.4 100% 6 76.02 0.0 0.18
25 15:55 SE 13 2.41 Light Rain Fog/Mist FEW007 SCT012 BKN018 OVC029 7.6 7.5 99% 6 76.05 0.0 0.25
25 15:35 SE 11 3.22 Light Rain Fog/Mist SCT010 SCT017 OVC028 8 7.5 97% 6 76.07 0.0 0.13
25 15:15 E 17 8.05 Light Rain Fog/Mist OVC029 8.3 7.4 94% 6 76.02 0.0 0.03
25 14:55 Vrbl 6 9.66 Light Rain OVC033 8.9 6.6 86% 76.12 0.0
25 14:35 SE 17 9.66 Light Rain OVC032 9.2 6 81% 7 76.05 0.0
25 14:15 SE 22 11.27 Light Rain OVC034 9.2 4.8 74% 6 76.05 0.0
25 13:55 E 17 14.48 Overcast OVC035 10 4.1 11.6 8.4 67% 8 76.1 0.0
25 13:35 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC035 10.4 4.4 67% 76.1 0.0
25 13:15 SE 22 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC033 10.5 4.2 65% 76.05 0.0
25 12:55 E 20 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC033 10.7 4.4 65% 76.02 0.0
25 12:35 SE 24 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC033 10.8 4.8 67% 76.05 0.0
25 12:15 SE 22 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC032 10.8 4.9 67% 76.05 0.0
25 11:55 SE 24 16.09 Overcast OVC032 11.1 4.9 66% 76.05 0.0
25 11:35 SE 20 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC032 11.4 5.2 66% 76.05 0.0
25 11:15 SE 15 G 33 14.48 Overcast OVC032 11.2 5 66% 76.05 0.0
25 10:55 SE 19 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC032 11.4 5 65% 76.05 0.0
25 10:35 SE 20 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC032 11.2 4.6 64% 76.07 0.0
25 10:15 SE 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN035 BKN045 11.3 6.4 72% 76.05 0.0
25 09:55 E 20 G 35 14.48 Mostly Cloudy FEW019 BKN210 11.3 7.6 78% 76.05 0.0
25 09:35 SE 20 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW017 BKN050 BKN160 BKN210 10.5 7.5 82% 76.05 0.0
25 09:15 E 22 G 31 14.48 Overcast FEW016 BKN050 OVC210 9.7 7.6 87% 7 76.05 0.0
25 08:55 SE 17 14.48 Overcast SCT050 BKN140 OVC200 9.3 8 92% 7 76.02 0.0
25 08:35 E 17 12.87 Mostly Cloudy BKN140 BKN190 BKN210 8.8 7.8 94% 7 76.02 0.0
25 08:15 E 19 12.87 Overcast FEW050 OVC130 8.6 7.7 94% 6 76.02 0.0
25 07:55 E 22 G 31 9.66 Light Rain Fog/Mist FEW024 SCT046 BKN080 OVC110 8.4 7.4 10.7 8.3 94% 5 76 0.0 0.05 0.05
25 07:35 E 24 G 31 4.83 Light Rain Fog/Mist FEW033 BKN047 OVC080 8.4 7.1 92% 5 75.97 0.0 0.05
25 07:15 SE 19 12.87 Light Rain OVC049 9.1 6.2 82% 7 76 0.0
25 06:55 E 17 14.48 Overcast OVC055 9.3 6.1 81% 7 75.97 0.0
25 06:35 E 17 14.48 Overcast OVC055 9.4 6.3 81% 7 75.95 0.0
25 06:15 E 17 14.48 Overcast BKN055 OVC130 9.5 6.2 80% 7 75.92 0.0
25 05:55 SE 17 16.09 Overcast BKN060 OVC130 9.6 5.4 75% 7 75.9 0.0
25 05:35 SE 20 16.09 Overcast OVC055 9.8 5 72% 7 75.9 0.0
25 05:15 E 17 16.09 Overcast FEW030 OVC050 10 5.1 72% 8 75.9 0.0
25 04:55 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC029 10.2 6.1 76% 75.9 0.0
25 04:35 SE 17 16.09 Overcast SCT028 BKN055 OVC100 10.1 6.4 78% 75.87 0.0
25 04:15 E 15 16.09 Light Rain BKN060 OVC100 10.3 6.6 78% 75.87 0.0
25 03:55 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC065 10.4 7 80% 75.9 0.0
25 03:35 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC070 10.4 7.2 81% 75.9 0.0
25 03:15 E 7 16.09 Overcast FEW028 BKN075 OVC085 10.4 7.2 81% 75.92 0.0
25 02:55 SE 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN080 10.3 7 80% 75.87 0.0
25 02:35 SE 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN080 10.4 6.6 78% 75.87 0.0
25 02:15 SE 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN085 10.6 6.2 74% 75.9 0.0
25 01:55 SE 13 16.09 Overcast BKN090 OVC110 10.9 5.1 17.5 10.9 68% 75.9 0.0
25 01:35 SE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC080 11.1 4.2 63% 75.9 0.0
25 01:15 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC080 11.4 3.7 59% 75.9 0.0
25 00:55 SE 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT080 11.4 3.2 57% 75.87 0.0
25 00:35 SE 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN085 11.7 3.3 57% 75.87 0.0
25 00:15 SE 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN085 11.9 3.2 56% 75.84 0.0
24 23:55 E 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 BKN110 12.3 3.7 56% 75.84 0.0
24 23:35 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC085 12.6 3.2 53% 75.84 0.0
24 23:15 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC085 12.8 3.4 53% 75.84 0.0
24 22:55 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC095 12.7 4.5 58% 75.82 0.0
24 22:35 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC090 12.5 4.5 58% 75.82 0.0
24 22:15 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC085 12.3 4.8 60% 75.82 0.0
24 21:55 S 6 14.48 Overcast BKN090 OVC120 12.3 5.2 62% 75.82 0.0
24 21:35 S 9 12.87 Light Rain FEW035 BKN090 BKN110 OVC140 12.8 4.9 59% 75.79 0.0
24 21:15 S 13 14.48 Light Rain FEW034 BKN085 OVC110 13.5 4.7 56% 75.77 0.0
24 20:55 Vrbl 7 16.09 Overcast BKN095 OVC130 14.1 7.2 63% 75.77 0.0
24 20:35 S 15 16.09 Overcast SCT100 OVC130 14.4 7.9 65% 75.72 0.0
24 20:15 SE 20 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW042 SCT100 BKN120 BKN140 15.8 7.6 58% 75.67 0.0
24 19:55 SE 11 12.87 Mostly Cloudy FEW060 BKN100 BKN120 BKN140 20.3 9 23.8 20.3 48% 75.64 0.0
24 19:35 W 6 16.09 Overcast SCT060 BKN080 OVC100 21.6 7.6 41% 75.64 0.0
24 19:15 W 7 14.48 Overcast SCT065 BKN100 OVC120 21.4 8.2 43% 75.64 0.0
24 18:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN110 OVC140 22 7.8 40% 75.62 0.0
24 18:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT100 BKN130 BKN160 22.4 7.3 38% 75.59 0.0
24 18:15 W 6 16.09 Overcast FEW120 OVC160 22.3 7.9 40% 75.59 0.0
24 17:55 NW 11 16.09 Overcast FEW065 BKN160 OVC190 22.8 7.8 38% 75.62 0.0
24 17:35 W 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT065 BKN180 22.7 7.2 37% 75.62 0.0
24 17:15 NW 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN070 BKN085 23 7.7 38% 75.62 0.0
24 16:55 W 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN085 23.8 7.8 36% 75.62 0.0
24 16:35 W 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN080 BKN090 23.4 7.3 36% 75.62 0.0
24 16:15 W 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN075 22.7 6.6 35% 75.62 0.0
24 15:55 Vrbl 6 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 6.6 34% 75.62 0.0
24 15:35 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 7 35% 75.62 0.0
24 15:15 Vrbl 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 6.3 34% 75.62 0.0
24 14:55 Vrbl 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.1 6.3 34% 75.64 0.0
24 14:15 W 13 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW070 23 6.3 34% 75.64 0.0
24 13:55 NE 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 22 4.5 22.9 15.7 32% 75.67 0.0
24 13:35 Vrbl 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 22.6 5.7 34% 75.67 0.0
24 13:15 NE 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT065 22 4.4 32% 75.69 0.0
24 12:55 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 21.7 3.9 31% 75.69 0.0
24 12:35 Calm 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW160 21.1 3.5 32% 75.69 0.0
24 12:15 Vrbl 6 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW160 20.7 3.2 32% 75.69 0.0
24 11:55 Vrbl 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW070 SCT090 BKN150 20.2 2.6 31% 75.74 0.0
24 11:35 NW 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW065 SCT095 BKN150 20.6 2.7 31% 75.77 0.0
24 11:15 Vrbl 6 16.09 Overcast BKN065 OVC150 20.1 2.4 31% 75.74 0.0
24 10:55 N 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN060 19.9 2.5 32% 75.74 0.0
24 10:35 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN060 BKN080 19.5 1.1 29% 75.77 0.0
24 10:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT060 BKN075 18.7 0.9 30% 75.77 0.0
24 09:55 NE 9 14.48 Overcast BKN055 BKN070 OVC160 18.5 1 31% 75.79 0.0
24 09:35 NE 9 16.09 Overcast SCT055 OVC150 18.2 1.1 32% 75.77 0.0
24 09:15 N 9 16.09 Overcast OVC150 18 1.6 33% 75.79 0.0
24 08:55 NE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC150 17.4 2.3 37% 75.79 0.0
24 08:35 N 9 16.09 Overcast OVC150 16.7 1.7 37% 75.77 0.0
24 08:15 N 7 16.09 Overcast OVC160 15.9 2.1 40% 75.77 0.0
24 07:55 N 7 16.09 Overcast BKN160 OVC180 15.1 2.4 15.6 11.6 43% 75.77 0.0
24 07:35 N 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN180 14.8 2 42% 75.77 0.0
24 07:15 N 6 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW180 13.5 1.8 45% 75.74 0.0
24 06:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 11.8 0.9 47% 75.74 0.0
24 06:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12.3 0.6 45% 75.72 0.0
24 06:15 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 12.1 0.4 45% 75.72 0.0
24 05:55 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 12.3 0.7 45% 75.69 0.0
24 05:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 12.4 0.6 45% 75.72 0.0
24 05:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 12.3 1.3 47% 75.69 0.0
24 04:55 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 12.4 1.4 47% 75.69 0.0
24 04:35 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 12.7 1.2 46% 75.69 0.0
24 04:15 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 0.7 42% 75.69 0.0
24 03:55 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 14.5 0.2 38% 75.69 0.0
24 03:35 NE 6 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW130 14.3 0.3 39% 75.69 0.0
24 03:15 NE 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT130 15 0.5 37% 75.72 0.0
24 02:55 NE 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN140 14.6 1.5 41% 75.72 0.0
24 02:35 NE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC140 14.9 1.5 40% 75.72 0.0
24 02:15 NE 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN140 15 1.3 40% 75.74 0.0
24 01:55 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 14.9 1.8 21.2 14.7 41% 75.74 0.0
24 01:35 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15.4 1.5 39% 75.74 0.0
24 01:15 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 15.8 1.8 39% 75.77 0.0
24 00:55 NE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 16.2 3.2 42% 75.79 0.0
24 00:35 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 16.3 4.1 44% 75.82 0.0
24 00:15 NE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15.9 6.3 53% 75.82 0.0
23 23:55 NE 7 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW360 15.8 8.6 63% 75.82 0.0
23 23:35 Calm 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW360 14.7 8.9 68% 75.82 0.0
23 23:15 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 17.8 9.5 58% 75.82 0.0
23 22:55 W 6 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW370 18.3 9.1 55% 75.82 0.0
23 22:35 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 17.6 7.9 53% 75.82 0.0
23 22:15 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 18.3 7.9 51% 75.82 0.0
23 21:55 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 19.5 6.5 43% 75.82 0.0
23 21:35 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 19.1 6.2 43% 75.82 0.0
23 21:15 Vrbl 6 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW340 20 6.2 41% 75.82 0.0
23 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18.3 6.8 47% 75.82 0.0
23 20:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 18.1 6.5 47% 75.82 0.0
23 20:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 21 5.9 38% 75.79 0.0
23 19:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 21.7 5.6 24.3 20.8 35% 75.79 0.0
23 19:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.3 5.7 34% 75.79 0.0
23 19:15 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 21.4 7.1 40% 75.79 0.0
23 18:55 NW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 22.9 6.3 34% 75.79 0.0
23 18:35 NW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 6.7 35% 75.82 0.0
23 18:15 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.6 6.3 33% 75.82 0.0
23 17:55 W 19 16.09 Fair CLR 23.8 6.3 32% 75.82 0.0
23 17:35 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24 6.6 33% 25 75.84 0.0
23 17:15 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.2 5.7 30% 25 75.84 0.0
23 16:55 NW 22 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 5.5 30% 25 75.87 0.0
23 16:35 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 23.9 5.7 31% 25 75.87 0.0
23 15:55 W 26 16.09 Fair CLR 23.4 7.3 36% 75.9 0.0
23 15:35 W 24 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 23.7 8.2 37% 75.92 0.0
23 15:15 W 13 16.09 Fair CLR 23 8.3 39% 75.95 0.0
23 14:55 W 17 16.09 Fair CLR 23 8.6 40% 75.97 0.0
23 14:35 NW 11 G 30 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW060 22.6 9 42% 75.97 0.0
23 14:15 NW 13 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW060 22.2 8.5 42% 76.02 0.0
23 13:55 NW 17 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 21.9 8.7 22.1 10.9 43% 76.02 0.0
23 13:35 NW 20 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 21.9 8.8 43% 76.05 0.0
23 12:55 W 17 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW350 21.7 8.4 43% 76.07 0.0
23 12:35 W 11 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW350 21.2 8.3 44% 76.07 0.0
23 12:15 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 21.2 8.8 45% 76.1 0.0
23 11:55 W 13 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW370 20.6 8.2 45% 76.12 0.0
23 11:35 NW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 20.6 8.4 46% 76.12 0.0
23 11:15 Vrbl 7 16.09 Fair CLR 20.3 8.2 46% 76.15 0.0
23 10:55 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 19.8 8 47% 76.17 0.0
23 10:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 19.8 8.7 49% 76.17 0.0
23 10:15 N 13 16.09 Fair CLR 19.2 9.1 52% 76.17 0.0
23 09:55 Vrbl 7 16.09 Fair CLR 18.2 10.5 61% 76.17 0.0
23 09:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 16.4 11.9 75% 76.17 0.0
23 09:15 Vrbl 6 16.09 Fair CLR 15.1 11.3 78% 76.17 0.0
23 08:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 13.9 11.2 84% 76.17 0.0
23 08:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 12.9 10.8 87% 76.17 0.0
23 08:15 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 11.7 10.3 91% 76.15 0.0
23 07:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 10.2 9 10.2 7.4 92% 76.15 0.0
23 07:35 Calm 14.48 Fair CLR 9.8 8.9 94% 76.15 0.0
23 07:15 Calm 9.66 Fog/Mist CLR 8.6 8.6 100% 76.15 0.0
23 06:55 Calm 9.66 Fog/Mist CLR 8.2 8.2 100% 76.12 0.0
23 06:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 7.5 7.5 100% 76.12 0.0
23 06:15 Calm 9.66 Fog/Mist CLR 7.8 7.8 100% 76.1 0.0
23 05:55 N 6 12.87 Fair CLR 7.9 7.9 100% 76.1 0.0
23 05:35 NE 7 14.48 Fair CLR 8 8 100% 7 76.1 0.0
23 05:15 NE 7 12.87 Fair CLR 7.7 7.7 100% 7 76.1 0.0
23 04:55 Calm 12.87 Fair CLR 8.2 8.2 100% 76.1 0.0
23 04:35 N 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT080 8.8 8.8 100% 76.1 0.0
23 04:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC080 8.9 8.9 100% 76.12 0.0
23 03:55 NE 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT080 8.7 8.7 100% 76.12 0.0
23 03:35 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 8.8 8.8 100% 8 76.1 0.0
23 03:15 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 8.9 8.9 100% 76.1 0.0
23 02:55 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 9.3 9.3 100% 76.07 0.0
23 02:35 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 9.4 9.4 100% 8 76.07 0.0
23 02:15 NE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 9.7 9.7 100% 8 76.07 0.0
23 01:55 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 9.9 9.7 16.3 9.9 99% 9 76.07 0.0
23 01:35 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 10.1 9.8 98% 76.07 0.0
23 01:15 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 10.6 10 96% 76.1 0.0
23 00:55 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 10.8 9.9 94% 76.1 0.0
23 00:35 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 10.9 9.8 93% 76.12 0.0
23 00:15 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 11.2 9.6 90% 76.1 0.0
22 23:55 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 11.6 9.3 86% 76.1 0.0
22 23:35 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 11.3 9.2 87% 76.1 0.0
22 23:15 E 6 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW100 11.7 9.3 85% 76.07 0.0
22 22:55 SE 6 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW100 13.1 9.4 78% 76.05 0.0
22 22:35 SE 6 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW100 13.3 9.4 77% 76.05 0.0
22 22:15 S 6 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW110 13.6 9.3 75% 76.07 0.0
22 21:55 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 13.9 9.3 74% 76.07 0.0
22 21:35 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 14.2 9.4 73% 76.07 0.0
22 21:15 SE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 14.6 9.4 71% 76.07 0.0
22 20:55 SE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 14.9 9.5 70% 76.07 0.0
22 20:35 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 15.2 9.5 69% 76.05 0.0
22 20:15 SE 7 14.48 Fair CLR 15.9 9.6 66% 76.05 0.0
22 19:55 SE 7 12.87 A Few Clouds FEW090 16.7 9.6 18.6 14.5 63% 76.02 0.0
Date Time (edt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)