Weather observations for the past three days for
Detroit/Grosse Ile, Grosse Ile Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (est) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
23 16:35 NW 20 16.09 Overcast OVC032 -3 -9 64% -9 76.76 0.0
23 16:15 NW 20 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC032 -3 -9 64% -9 76.76 0.0
23 15:55 NW 28 16.09 Overcast OVC032 -3 -9 64% -10 76.76 0.0
23 15:35 NW 24 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC030 -3 -9 64% -9 76.73 0.0
23 15:15 NW 22 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC030 -3 -9 64% -9 76.73 0.0
23 14:55 NW 30 16.09 Overcast OVC030 -2 -9 59% -9 76.73 0.0
23 14:35 N 19 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC030 -3 -9 64% -8 76.73 0.0
23 14:15 NW 24 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC028 -3 -9 64% -9 76.73 0.0
23 13:55 NW 24 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC028 -3 -9 64% -9 76.76 0.0
23 13:35 NW 22 16.09 Overcast OVC026 -4 -9 69% -10 76.76 0.0
23 13:15 NW 20 G 35 16.09 Light Snow OVC026 -4 -9 69% -10 76.76 0.0
23 12:55 NW 24 16.09 Light Snow OVC026 -4 -9 -2.4 -4.5 69% -10 76.76 0.0
23 12:35 N 26 G 35 16.09 Light Snow BKN026 OVC031 -4 -9 69% -11 76.76 0.0
23 12:15 N 28 G 33 16.09 Light Snow OVC024 -4 -9 69% -11 76.76 0.0
23 11:55 NW 28 G 37 16.09 Light Snow BKN024 OVC029 -4 -8 74% -11 76.78 0.0
23 11:35 N 30 G 43 16.09 Light Snow OVC026 -4 -8 74% -11 76.76 0.0
23 11:15 NW 30 16.09 Light Snow OVC022 -4 -8 74% -11 76.76 0.0
23 10:55 NW 22 G 30 16.09 Light Snow OVC022 -4 -7 80% -10 76.73 0.0
23 10:35 N 26 16.09 Overcast BKN022 OVC027 -3 -7 74% -9 76.73 0.0
23 10:15 NW 31 G 37 16.09 Light Snow OVC022 -3 -7 74% -10 76.71 0.0
23 09:55 N 26 G 41 16.09 Overcast OVC024 -3 -7 74% -9 76.68 0.0
23 09:35 NW 28 G 41 16.09 Light Snow OVC024 -3 -7 74% -10 76.68 0.0
23 09:15 NW 24 G 37 16.09 Light Snow BKN021 OVC027 -3 -6 80% -9 76.66 0.0
23 08:55 N 24 16.09 Light Snow BKN022 BKN027 OVC031 -3 -6 80% -9 76.63 0.0
23 08:35 N 28 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT020 BKN028 BKN070 -3 -6 80% -10 76.63 0.0
23 08:15 N 30 G 37 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT022 BKN027 BKN070 -3 -6 80% -10 76.61 0.0
23 07:55 N 26 16.09 Overcast SCT021 BKN026 OVC065 -3 -5 86% -9 76.58 0.0
23 07:35 NW 22 16.09 Light Snow SCT015 BKN022 OVC065 -3 -5 86% -9 76.58 0.0
23 07:15 N 26 G 39 16.09 Light Snow SCT016 BKN022 OVC060 -3 -5 86% -9 76.56 0.0
23 06:55 NW 20 16.09 Light Snow BKN018 OVC037 -3 -5 -2.4 -3 86% -9 76.56 0.0
23 06:35 NW 24 16.09 Light Snow FEW018 BKN029 OVC037 -3 -5 86% -9 76.56 0.0
23 06:15 NW 24 G 33 16.09 Light Snow SCT018 BKN027 OVC036 -3 -5 86% -9 76.53 0.0
23 05:55 NW 22 16.09 Light Snow BKN020 OVC027 -3 -6 80% -9 76.53 0.0
23 05:35 NW 24 16.09 Light Snow FEW020 OVC027 -3 -5 86% -9 76.5 0.0
23 05:15 NW 30 G 41 16.09 Light Snow BKN022 OVC027 -3 -6 80% -10 76.5 0.0
23 04:55 NW 28 16.09 Light Snow BKN022 OVC029 -3 -5 86% -10 76.48 0.0
23 04:35 NW 26 16.09 Light Snow FEW018 OVC027 -3 -5 86% -9 76.48 0.0
23 04:15 NW 26 G 39 16.09 Light Snow BKN018 OVC024 -3 -5 86% -9 76.45 0.0
23 03:55 NW 22 16.09 Light Snow OVC018 -3 -5 86% -9 76.45 0.0
23 03:35 NW 26 16.09 Light Snow OVC018 -3 -5 86% -9 76.43 0.0
23 03:15 NW 26 16.09 Light Snow OVC018 -2 -5 80% -8 76.43 0.0
23 02:55 NW 22 16.09 Light Snow BKN018 OVC024 -2 -5 80% -8 76.43 0.0
23 02:35 NW 28 G 37 16.09 Light Snow BKN018 BKN027 BKN065 -2 -5 80% -8 76.4 0.0
23 02:15 NW 28 16.09 Light Snow OVC018 -2 -5 80% -8 76.4 0.0
23 01:55 NW 26 G 35 16.09 Light Snow OVC018 -2 -5 80% -8 76.4 0.0
23 01:35 NW 24 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC018 -2 -5 80% -8 76.4 0.0
23 01:15 NW 22 16.09 Light Snow OVC018 -2 -5 80% -8 76.4 0.0
23 00:55 NW 28 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC020 -2 -5 -1 -2.5 80% -8 76.4 0.0
23 00:35 NW 24 G 35 16.09 Light Snow OVC020 -2 -5 80% -8 76.38 0.0
23 00:15 NW 28 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC020 -2 -5 80% -8 76.38 0.0
22 23:55 NW 30 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC020 -2 -5 80% -9 76.38 0.0
22 23:35 NW 30 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC022 -2 -5 80% -9 76.38 0.0
22 23:15 NW 33 G 43 16.09 Overcast and Breezy BKN022 OVC027 -2 -5 80% -9 76.38 0.0
22 22:55 NW 30 16.09 Overcast OVC024 -2 -4 86% -9 76.38 0.0
22 22:35 NW 35 G 48 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC022 -1 -4 80% -8 76.4 0.0
22 22:15 NW 24 G 39 16.09 Overcast BKN020 OVC026 -1 -4 80% -7 76.4 0.0
22 21:55 NW 24 16.09 Light Snow OVC022 -1 -3 86% -7 76.38 0.0
22 21:35 NW 20 G 31 16.09 Light Snow OVC020 -1 -3 86% -6 76.4 0.0
22 21:15 NW 22 11.27 Light Snow BKN016 BKN024 BKN034 -1 -3 86% -6 76.4 0.0
22 20:55 NW 22 12.87 Light Snow BKN014 BKN020 BKN030 -1 -3 86% -6 76.4 0.0
22 20:35 NW 15 11.27 Light Snow Fog/Mist OVC014 -1 -3 86% -5 76.4 0.0
22 20:15 NW 22 16.09 Light Snow OVC014 -1 -3 86% -6 76.4 0.0
22 19:55 NW 15 14.48 Light Snow OVC012 -1 -3 86% -5 76.4 0.0
22 19:35 NW 15 11.27 Light Snow OVC012 -1 -3 86% -5 76.4 0.0
22 19:15 NW 17 12.87 Light Snow BKN014 BKN018 OVC100 -1 -3 86% -6 76.4 0.0
22 18:55 W 19 16.09 Light Snow OVC014 -1 -3 0.7 -1.2 86% -6 76.38 0.0
22 18:35 W 13 8.05 Light Snow Fog/Mist BKN014 BKN020 -1 -3 86% -5 76.38 0.0
22 18:15 NW 24 G 33 16.09 Light Snow BKN016 BKN021 BKN037 -1 -3 86% -7 76.38 0.0
22 17:55 W 17 9.66 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT018 BKN023 BKN033 -1 -3 86% -6 76.35 0.0
22 17:35 NW 20 G 28 16.09 Light Snow SCT018 BKN025 OVC050 0 -3 80% -5 76.35 0.0
22 17:15 NW 19 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT017 BKN023 OVC035 -1 -3 86% -6 76.33 0.0
22 16:55 NW 17 11.27 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT011 BKN017 OVC034 -1 -2 93% -6 76.33 0.0
22 16:35 NW 17 2.82 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT009 OVC015 -1 -2 93% -6 76.3 0.0
22 16:15 NW 17 G 31 2.82 Light Snow Fog/Mist OVC017 -1 -2 93% -6 76.3 0.0
22 15:55 NW 19 4.83 Light Snow Fog/Mist BKN015 BKN020 OVC032 0 -2 87% -5 76.28 0.0
22 15:35 NW 17 G 31 12.87 Light Snow SCT015 BKN024 OVC030 0 -2 87% -4 76.28 0.0
22 15:15 NW 24 G 33 6.44 Light Snow Haze SCT015 BKN019 OVC028 0 -3 80% -5 76.25 0.0
22 14:55 NW 22 6.44 Light Snow Haze BKN013 BKN020 OVC028 0 -2 87% -5 76.25 0.0
22 14:35 NW 26 9.66 Light Snow Haze SCT017 BKN024 OVC030 0 -3 80% -6 76.25 0.0
22 14:15 NW 22 11.27 Light Snow BKN017 BKN026 OVC031 0 -3 80% -5 76.23 0.0
22 13:55 NW 20 11.27 Light Snow BKN017 BKN026 OVC031 0 -3 80% -5 76.23 0.0
22 13:35 NW 19 16.09 Light Snow SCT017 BKN024 OVC031 0 -3 80% -5 76.23 0.0
22 13:15 NW 17 16.09 Light Snow SCT016 BKN023 OVC029 0 -3 80% -4 76.23 0.0
22 12:55 W 19 12.87 Light Snow BKN018 OVC026 0 -2 0.4 -3.3 87% -5 76.23 0.0
22 12:35 NW 22 16.09 Light Snow SCT014 BKN023 OVC048 -1 -3 86% -6 76.23 0.0
22 12:15 NW 22 6.44 Light Snow Haze SCT012 SCT018 OVC029 -1 -3 86% -6 76.25 0.0
22 11:55 NW 15 2.01 Light Snow Fog/Mist OVC012 -1 -2 93% -5 76.25 0.0
22 11:35 W 11 4.83 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT010 OVC016 -1 -2 93% -4 76.23 0.0
22 11:15 W 19 2.82 Light Snow Fog/Mist OVC014 -1 -2 93% -6 76.23 0.0
22 10:55 W 13 2.01 Light Snow Fog/Mist OVC012 -1 -3 86% -5 76.23 0.0
22 10:35 W 15 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist BKN012 OVC033 -1 -3 86% -5 76.23 0.0
22 10:15 W 17 11.27 Light Snow SCT010 BKN030 OVC035 -1 -3 86% -6 76.23 0.0
22 09:55 W 17 2.82 Light Snow Fog/Mist BKN010 BKN022 OVC028 -2 -3 93% -7 76.23 0.0
22 09:35 W 17 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW009 BKN030 OVC039 -2 -4 86% -7 76.23 0.0
22 09:15 W 15 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT009 BKN032 OVC048 -2 -3 93% -6 76.23 0.0
22 08:55 W 13 11.27 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT025 BKN034 OVC047 -2 -4 86% -6 76.23 0.0
22 08:35 W 11 12.87 Light Snow FEW007 SCT044 BKN050 -3 -4 93% -7 76.23 0.0
22 08:15 W 11 8.05 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW042 FEW048 -3 -4 93% -7 76.23 0.0
22 07:55 W 11 12.87 Light Snow FEW029 FEW050 -3 -4 93% -7 76.23 0.0
22 07:35 W 7 14.48 Light Snow FEW050 -3 -4 93% -6 76.23 0.0
22 07:15 W 9 4.83 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW029 FEW055 -3 -4 93% -6 76.23 0.0
22 06:55 W 11 8.05 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW027 -3 -4 -2 -3 93% -7 76.2 0.0
22 06:35 W 11 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW007 FEW012 -3 -3 100% -7 76.2 0.0
22 06:15 W 11 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW007 FEW014 -3 -3 100% -7 76.23 0.0
22 05:55 W 9 4.83 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW007 -3 -3 100% -6 76.23 0.0
22 05:35 W 9 4.83 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW007 -3 -3 100% -6 76.23 0.0
22 05:15 W 13 4.02 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW007 FEW012 -2 -3 93% -6 76.23 0.0
22 04:55 W 11 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT010 -2 -3 93% -6 76.23 0.0
22 04:35 W 11 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW008 -2 -3 93% -6 76.23 0.0
22 04:15 W 13 8.05 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW008 -2 -3 93% -6 76.23 0.0
22 03:55 W 11 8.05 Light Snow Fog/Mist BKN008 -2 -3 93% -6 76.25 0.0
22 03:35 W 11 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist BKN008 -2 -3 93% -6 76.25 0.0
22 03:15 W 9 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist BKN008 -2 -3 93% -5 76.28 0.0
22 02:55 W 9 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist SCT008 -2 -3 93% -5 76.28 0.0
22 02:35 W 11 0.00 NULL NULL 0 0 0% 76.3 0.0
21 23:55 W 13 6.44 Light Snow Fog/Mist FEW009 -1 -2 93% -5 76.35 0.0
21 23:35 W 13 8.05 Light Snow Fog/Mist CLR -1 -2 93% -5 76.35 0.0
21 23:15 W 11 11.27 Light Snow SCT038 -1 -2 93% -4 76.35 0.0
21 22:55 W 13 8.05 Light Snow Fog/Mist BKN038 -1 -2 93% -5 76.35 0.0
21 22:35 W 11 16.09 Light Snow SCT024 BKN034 OVC039 0 -3 80% -3 76.35 0.0
21 22:15 W 9 12.87 Light Snow OVC022 0 -3 80% -3 76.38 0.0
21 21:55 W 9 16.09 Light Snow OVC022 0 -4 75% -3 76.35 0.0
21 21:35 W 7 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -4 75% -2 76.35 0.0
21 21:15 W 7 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -4 75% -2 76.35 0.0
21 20:55 W 7 16.09 Overcast OVC024 0 -4 75% -2 76.35 0.0
21 20:35 W 7 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -4 75% -2 76.38 0.0
21 20:15 W 6 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -3 80% 76.38 0.0
21 19:55 W 9 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -4 75% -3 76.38 0.0
21 19:35 W 9 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -4 75% -3 76.38 0.0
21 19:15 W 9 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -3 80% -3 76.38 0.0
21 18:55 W 9 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -3 1.7 0.3 80% -3 76.38 0.0
21 18:35 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -4 75% -4 76.35 0.0
21 18:15 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -3 80% -4 76.35 0.0
21 17:55 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -2 76.33 0.0
21 17:35 W 7 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -4 70% -1 76.33 0.0
21 17:15 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -3 76.33 0.0
21 16:55 W 11 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -2 76.3 0.0
21 16:35 W 11 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -2 76.3 0.0
21 16:15 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -3 76.28 0.0
21 15:55 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -3 76.28 0.0
21 15:35 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -2 76.28 0.0
21 15:15 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC022 2 -3 70% -2 76.3 0.0
21 14:55 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC022 2 -3 70% -2 76.3 0.0
21 14:35 W 19 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -3 76.28 0.0
21 14:15 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC022 2 -3 70% -2 76.28 0.0
21 13:55 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC022 2 -3 70% -1 76.28 0.0
21 13:15 W 19 16.09 Overcast OVC022 2 -3 70% -2 76.25 0.0
21 12:55 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 1.5 0.2 75% -3 76.25 0.0
21 12:35 W 20 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -4 76.25 0.0
21 12:15 W 19 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -3 76.28 0.0
21 11:55 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -3 76.28 0.0
21 11:35 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -4 70% -3 76.28 0.0
21 11:15 W 22 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -4 76.25 0.0
21 10:55 W 19 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -4 70% -3 76.25 0.0
21 10:35 W 19 G 30 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -4 70% -3 76.25 0.0
21 10:15 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -3 76.25 0.0
21 09:55 W 19 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -3 76.23 0.0
21 09:35 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC022 1 -3 75% -3 76.23 0.0
21 09:15 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC020 1 -3 75% -3 76.23 0.0
21 08:55 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC020 1 -3 75% -3 76.23 0.0
21 08:35 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC020 0 -3 80% -4 76.2 0.0
21 08:15 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -3 80% -4 76.17 0.0
21 07:55 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -3 80% -4 76.15 0.0
21 07:35 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -3 80% -4 76.15 0.0
21 07:15 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -2 87% -4 76.12 0.0
21 06:55 SW 13 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -2 0.3 -0.1 87% -4 76.12 0.0
21 06:35 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC022 0 -2 87% -4 76.07 0.0
21 06:15 SW 13 16.09 Overcast OVC024 0 -2 87% -4 76.05 0.0
21 05:55 SW 13 16.09 Overcast OVC024 0 -2 87% -4 76.02 0.0
21 05:35 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC026 0 -2 87% -4 76 0.0
21 05:15 W 15 16.09 Overcast FEW021 OVC026 0 -2 87% -4 75.97 0.0
21 04:55 W 19 16.09 Overcast BKN021 OVC026 0 -2 87% -5 75.95 0.0
21 04:35 W 17 16.09 Overcast SCT017 OVC026 0 -2 87% -4 75.92 0.0
21 04:15 W 19 16.09 Overcast OVC017 0 -2 87% -5 75.9 0.0
21 03:55 W 15 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -2 87% -4 75.87 0.0
21 03:35 W 13 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -2 87% -4 75.87 0.0
21 03:15 W 15 G 28 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -2 87% -4 75.87 0.0
21 02:55 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -2 87% -4 75.87 0.0
21 02:35 W 17 G 26 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -2 87% -4 75.87 0.0
21 02:15 W 17 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -3 80% -4 75.84 0.0
21 01:55 W 20 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -3 80% -5 75.84 0.0
21 01:35 W 19 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -3 80% -5 75.82 0.0
21 01:15 W 22 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -3 80% -5 75.82 0.0
21 00:55 W 22 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -3 0.9 0.1 80% -5 75.82 0.0
21 00:35 W 22 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC015 0 -3 80% -5 75.79 0.0
21 00:15 W 22 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC017 0 -3 80% -5 75.79 0.0
20 23:55 W 26 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC017 0 -2 87% -6 75.77 0.0
20 23:35 W 20 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC017 0 -3 80% -5 75.74 0.0
20 23:15 SW 15 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC017 0 -3 80% -4 75.74 0.0
20 22:55 W 24 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -3 75% -4 75.69 0.0
20 22:35 W 24 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -3 75% -4 75.69 0.0
20 22:15 W 22 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -3 75% -4 75.67 0.0
20 21:55 W 26 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -3 75% -4 75.64 0.0
20 21:35 W 20 G 33 16.09 Overcast OVC021 1 -3 75% -4 75.62 0.0
20 21:15 SW 22 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC021 1 -3 75% -4 75.62 0.0
20 20:55 SW 24 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC023 1 -2 81% -4 75.59 0.0
20 20:35 SW 24 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC021 1 -3 75% -4 75.57 0.0
20 20:15 W 22 G 31 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -2 81% -4 75.54 0.0
20 19:55 W 22 G 43 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -2 81% -4 75.51 0.0
20 19:35 W 28 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC017 1 -2 81% -5 75.46 0.0
20 19:15 W 24 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC017 1 -2 81% -4 75.46 0.0
20 18:55 SW 26 G 37 16.09 Overcast OVC017 1 -2 1.9 0.7 81% -4 75.44 0.0
20 18:35 W 24 G 41 16.09 Overcast OVC017 1 -2 81% -4 75.41 0.0
20 18:15 SW 30 G 44 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -2 81% -5 75.36 0.0
20 17:55 SW 24 G 44 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -2 81% -4 75.34 0.0
20 17:35 W 30 G 44 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -2 81% -5 75.31 0.0
20 17:15 SW 26 G 43 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -2 81% -4 75.29 0.0
20 16:55 W 26 G 43 16.09 Overcast OVC019 1 -2 81% -4 75.23 0.0
Date Time (est) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)