Weather observations for the past three days for
Perry Municipal Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
06 00:15 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 5.1 -5.3 47% 2 76.02 0.0
05 23:55 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 5.7 -5.4 45% 3 76.02 0.0
05 23:35 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 6.3 -5.4 43% 4 76 0.0
05 23:15 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 6.6 -5 44% 4 76 0.0
05 22:55 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 7.1 -5.4 41% 5 76 0.0
05 22:35 NW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 7.3 -5.4 40% 5 75.97 0.0
05 22:15 NW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 7.8 -5.1 40% 6 75.97 0.0
05 21:55 NW 17 16.09 Fair CLR 8.5 -4.9 39% 6 75.95 0.0
05 21:35 NW 20 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT170 9.8 -5.2 35% 7 75.92 0.0
05 21:15 NW 26 16.09 Overcast OVC170 10.4 -5.3 33% 75.9 0.0
05 20:55 NW 24 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN160 BKN190 10.9 -5.2 32% 75.9 0.0
05 20:35 NW 24 G 37 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT160 11.4 -5.4 31% 75.87 0.0
05 20:15 NW 30 14.48 Mostly Cloudy BKN150 12 -5.8 29% 75.84 0.0
05 19:55 W 17 14.48 Mostly Cloudy BKN160 12.3 -6.4 27% 75.82 0.0
05 19:35 NW 24 14.48 Overcast BKN150 OVC180 12.5 -6.5 26% 75.82 0.0
05 19:15 NW 30 14.48 Overcast BKN150 OVC170 12.7 -6.7 25% 75.79 0.0
05 18:55 NW 30 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT150 13.1 -6.5 25% 75.79 0.0
05 18:35 NW 28 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW150 13.4 -6.3 25% 75.79 0.0
05 18:15 NW 28 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 -6.1 25% 75.77 0.0
05 17:55 NW 35 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 13.9 -6.4 24% 75.77 0.0
05 17:35 NW 26 16.09 Fair CLR 14.3 -5.9 24% 75.77 0.0
05 17:15 NW 33 G 46 16.09 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW080 14.9 -5.7 24% 75.77 0.0
05 16:55 NW 24 G 43 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW190 14.9 -5.9 23% 75.74 0.0
05 16:35 NW 28 G 46 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW080 14.9 -6.1 23% 75.77 0.0
05 16:15 NW 28 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 15.2 -5.9 23% 75.77 0.0
05 15:55 NW 31 G 44 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW200 15.1 -6.3 22% 75.79 0.0
05 15:35 NW 24 G 44 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW310 15.6 -5.1 24% 75.79 0.0
05 15:15 NW 30 G 48 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW080 SCT360 15.7 -5.2 23% 75.79 0.0
05 14:35 NW 30 G 50 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW080 16.6 -5.3 22% 75.79 0.0
05 14:15 W 28 G 41 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN080 BKN270 16.6 -5.1 22% 75.82 0.0
05 13:55 W 11 G 44 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW080 15.6 -4.8 24% 75.82 0.0
05 13:35 NW 24 G 43 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW075 15.5 -4.8 25% 75.82 0.0
05 13:15 W 20 G 33 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT075 BKN140 BKN290 15.5 -4.4 25% 75.84 0.0
05 12:55 W 20 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN075 BKN140 14.9 -4.2 27% 75.84 0.0
05 12:35 NW 22 G 31 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT075 BKN140 15.4 -4.3 26% 75.87 0.0
05 12:15 W 15 16.09 Overcast BKN070 OVC140 14.1 -4 29% 75.87 0.0
05 11:55 N 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT070 BKN140 14 -2.4 32% 75.87 0.0
05 11:35 NW 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN070 13.1 -3.4 32% 75.87 0.0
05 11:15 NW 13 G 26 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW065 13 -3.5 32% 75.87 0.0
05 10:55 NW 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT130 12.8 -2.7 34% 75.87 0.0
05 10:35 N 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN130 11.8 -2.5 37% 75.87 0.0
05 10:15 N 17 16.09 Overcast OVC130 11.3 -1.9 40% 75.9 0.0
05 09:55 N 15 16.09 Overcast BKN140 OVC160 11.4 -1.5 41% 75.87 0.0
05 09:35 Vrbl 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN160 11.2 -2.7 38% 75.87 0.0
05 09:15 Vrbl 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT160 10.3 -1.7 43% 75.87 0.0
05 08:55 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 10.8 -1.1 44% 75.84 0.0
05 08:35 NE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 10.1 -0.6 48% 75.82 0.0
05 08:15 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 9.4 2.1 61% 75.79 0.0
05 07:55 NE 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT150 8.5 3 69% 75.79 0.0
05 07:35 Calm 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW150 8 2.8 70% 75.77 0.0
05 07:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 6.9 4 82% 75.79 0.0
05 06:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 5.6 3.8 88% 75.79 0.0
05 06:35 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 5.2 2.6 84% 75.77 0.0
05 06:15 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 4.7 2.7 87% 3 75.77 0.0
05 05:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 5.6 2.6 81% 75.74 0.0
05 05:35 Calm 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW200 5.7 3 83% 75.74 0.0
05 05:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT190 6.4 2.3 75% 75.69 0.0
05 04:55 NE 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT190 7.4 0.6 62% 75.69 0.0
05 04:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 7.8 0.1 59% 75.69 0.0
05 04:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 7.6 1 63% 7 75.64 0.0
05 03:55 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 7.8 1.2 63% 6 75.62 0.0
05 03:35 N 9 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW140 8 1.7 65% 7 75.59 0.0
05 03:15 N 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT140 8.1 1.5 63% 7 75.57 0.0
05 02:55 NW 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN140 9.2 1.4 58% 7 75.57 0.0
05 02:35 N 9 16.09 Overcast FEW046 SCT060 BKN090 BKN130 OVC160 9.1 2.7 65% 8 75.54 0.0
05 02:15 NW 9 16.09 Overcast BKN090 OVC110 9.6 3.7 67% 9 75.62 0.0
05 01:55 NW 6 16.09 Overcast FEW060 SCT075 BKN090 OVC110 9.9 2.2 59% 75.59 0.0
05 01:35 NW 15 16.09 Overcast SCT070 OVC090 10.2 1.7 56% 75.64 0.0
05 01:15 N 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW049 SCT060 BKN080 BKN090 9.6 2.4 61% 8 75.59 0.0
05 00:55 N 11 14.48 Light Rain FEW023 SCT050 BKN060 OVC085 9.8 2.1 59% 8 75.59 0.0
05 00:35 N 15 16.09 Overcast FEW046 SCT060 BKN085 OVC100 10 1.8 57% 8 75.59 0.0
05 00:15 NW 17 12.87 Light Rain FEW043 BKN075 OVC100 9.6 2.3 61% 7 75.59 0.0
04 23:55 NW 22 12.87 Light Rain FEW050 BKN070 OVC095 10.3 1.3 54% 75.57 0.0
04 23:35 N 28 12.87 Light Rain SCT075 OVC100 10.1 1.5 55% 75.51 0.0
04 23:15 N 33 G 46 11.27 Light Rain and Breezy BKN080 OVC095 10 2 58% 7 75.51 0.0
04 22:55 N 35 G 46 14.48 Light Rain and Breezy FEW035 OVC080 11.3 1.1 50% 75.54 0.0
04 22:35 NW 26 12.87 Light Rain FEW065 BKN080 BKN110 OVC140 11.7 2 52% 75.57 0.0
04 22:15 N 43 G 50 14.48 Overcast and Windy SCT110 OVC140 12.9 -0.1 41% 75.46 0.0
04 21:55 NW 28 16.09 Overcast FEW095 BKN120 OVC160 13 -0.3 40% 75.49 0.0
04 21:35 N 26 16.09 Overcast FEW095 OVC130 13.3 -1 38% 75.44 0.0
04 21:15 NW 33 16.09 Overcast and Breezy FEW100 OVC140 13.8 -0.3 38% 75.46 0.0
04 20:55 NW 37 G 46 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC120 14.3 -0.7 36% 75.44 0.0
04 20:35 NW 31 16.09 Overcast OVC120 14.5 -0.4 36% 75.41 0.0
04 20:15 NW 41 G 59 14.48 Overcast and Breezy BKN120 OVC140 15.2 -0.6 34% 75.36 0.0
04 19:55 N 41 G 59 14.48 Overcast and Breezy OVC130 15.9 -0.5 33% 75.31 0.0
04 19:35 NW 46 G 52 14.48 Mostly Cloudy and Windy BKN140 17.6 -0.5 29% 75.26 0.0
04 19:15 N 35 G 56 11.27 Fair and Breezy CLR 18.7 -0.5 28% 75.23 0.0
04 18:55 N 37 G 48 14.48 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.1 0 26% 75.21 0.0
04 18:35 N 37 G 52 14.48 Fair and Breezy CLR 21 0.7 26% 75.21 0.0
04 18:15 NW 37 G 50 14.48 Fair and Breezy CLR 22.2 1.1 25% 75.18 0.0
04 17:55 NW 31 G 50 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 1.2 23% 75.16 0.0
04 17:35 NW 33 G 50 14.48 Fair and Breezy CLR 23.5 0.9 23% 75.13 0.0
04 17:15 NW 31 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR 24.6 0.9 21% 25 75.11 0.0
04 16:55 NW 30 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 25 1.8 22% 25 75.08 0.0
04 16:35 N 26 G 44 14.48 Fair CLR 25 2.2 23% 25 75.06 0.0
04 16:15 N 30 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 3.7 24% 25 75.03 0.0
04 15:55 N 28 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 4.5 26% 25 75.03 0.0
04 15:35 NW 30 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR 26.1 5.6 27% 26 75.01 0.0
04 15:15 NW 33 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 27.6 4.8 23% 27 75.01 0.0
04 14:55 NW 37 G 50 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 27.4 5.8 25% 26 75.01 0.0
04 14:35 NW 39 G 50 16.09 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW090 28.2 5.1 23% 27 74.98 0.0
04 14:15 NW 28 G 43 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW100 28 4 21% 27 74.98 0.0
04 13:55 W 31 G 46 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW100 28.4 3.1 20% 27 74.98 0.0
04 13:35 W 35 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 28.4 3.1 20% 27 74.98 0.0
04 13:15 NW 22 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 27.9 3 20% 27 74.98 0.0
04 12:55 W 31 16.09 Fair CLR 27.8 3.6 21% 27 75.01 0.0
04 12:35 W 37 G 52 16.09 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW330 27.3 3.6 22% 26 75.01 0.0
04 12:15 W 33 G 50 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 27.3 3.7 22% 26 75.01 0.0
04 11:55 W 35 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 26.9 3.8 23% 26 75.01 0.0
04 11:35 W 35 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 26.8 4.3 24% 26 75.01 0.0
04 11:15 W 37 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 26.7 4.1 23% 26 75.01 0.0
04 10:55 W 31 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 26.1 3.7 24% 26 75.01 0.0
04 10:35 W 28 12.87 Fair CLR 25.6 5.3 27% 26 75.01 0.0
04 10:15 SW 24 8.05 Fair with Haze CLR 24.6 6.9 32% 25 75.01 0.0
04 09:55 SW 19 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 22.8 7 36% 75.03 0.0
04 09:35 SW 19 4.83 A Few Clouds with Haze FEW100 21.6 6.6 38% 75.06 0.0
04 09:15 SW 13 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 19.8 6 41% 75.06 0.0
04 08:55 SW 9 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 18.1 5.4 43% 75.08 0.0
04 08:35 S 7 4.83 A Few Clouds with Haze FEW100 16.4 5.7 49% 75.08 0.0
04 08:15 SW 6 8.05 A Few Clouds with Haze FEW100 14.6 5.1 53% 75.11 0.0
04 07:55 Calm 2.82 Mostly Cloudy with Haze BKN100 12.1 5.8 66% 75.11 0.0
04 07:35 S 6 4.83 Haze NULL 10.8 6.1 73% 75.11 0.0
04 07:20 Calm 0.00 NULL NULL 9.7 6.1 78% 75.11 0.0
04 06:10 S 7 2.82 Mostly Cloudy with Haze BKN110 9 4.2 72% 8 75.13 0.0
04 05:55 SW 11 4.83 Partly Cloudy with Haze SCT120 8.7 4 73% 7 75.13 0.0
04 05:35 S 9 6.44 A Few Clouds with Haze FEW120 8.1 3.9 75% 7 75.13 0.0
04 05:15 S 13 6.44 Partly Cloudy with Haze SCT120 7.6 3.9 78% 6 75.16 0.0
04 04:55 Calm 8.05 Fair with Haze CLR 8.7 3.5 70% 75.18 0.0
04 04:15 S 7 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 10.1 3.3 63% 75.18 0.0
04 03:55 SW 13 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 10 3.1 63% 8 75.21 0.0
04 03:35 S 7 8.05 Fair with Haze CLR 8.4 3.3 71% 8 75.23 0.0
04 03:15 S 7 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 10.2 3 61% 75.23 0.0
04 02:55 Calm 9.66 Fair with Haze CLR 9 3.5 69% 75.26 0.0
04 02:35 S 6 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 9.7 3 63% 75.29 0.0
04 02:15 S 7 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 10.5 2.6 58% 75.31 0.0
04 01:55 S 6 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 10.3 2.6 59% 75.34 0.0
04 01:35 SW 11 4.02 Fair with Haze CLR 10.4 2.6 59% 75.36 0.0
04 01:15 SW 13 4.02 Fair with Haze CLR 10.3 2.1 57% 75.39 0.0
04 00:55 Calm 4.02 Fair with Haze CLR 12.1 1.5 49% 75.41 0.0
04 00:35 S 7 4.02 Fair with Haze CLR 11.2 1.7 52% 75.41 0.0
04 00:15 SW 7 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 11.4 1.2 50% 75.41 0.0
03 23:55 SW 9 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 11.8 1.3 49% 75.44 0.0
03 23:35 SW 9 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 12.3 1.1 47% 75.46 0.0
03 23:15 SW 7 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 12.1 0.8 46% 75.46 0.0
03 22:55 SW 11 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 12.1 0.8 46% 75.49 0.0
03 22:35 SW 13 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 11.8 0.8 47% 75.49 0.0
03 22:15 SW 11 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 12.1 0.3 45% 75.51 0.0
03 21:55 W 17 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 13 0 41% 75.51 0.0
03 21:35 W 17 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 13.8 -0.3 38% 75.51 0.0
03 21:15 W 15 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 13.9 -0.4 38% 75.51 0.0
03 20:55 W 17 8.05 Fair with Haze CLR 14.7 -0.2 36% 75.51 0.0
03 20:35 W 17 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 15.9 -0.4 33% 75.51 0.0
03 20:15 W 17 4.83 Fair with Haze CLR 17.9 -0.9 28% 75.51 0.0
03 19:55 W 17 6.44 Fair with Haze CLR 20.1 -1.1 24% 75.51 0.0
03 19:35 W 17 12.87 Fair CLR 22 -2.4 19% 75.51 0.0
03 19:15 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23 -2.3 18% 75.51 0.0
03 18:55 W 19 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 -2.5 18% 75.51 0.0
03 18:35 NW 20 16.09 Fair CLR 23.8 -1.4 19% 75.54 0.0
03 18:15 W 17 14.48 Fair CLR 24 -1.4 19% 24 75.54 0.0
03 17:55 N 15 14.48 Fair CLR 23.7 -1.5 19% 75.54 0.0
03 17:35 NW 24 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 -2 17% 25 75.54 0.0
03 17:15 NW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.4 -2.3 17% 24 75.57 0.0
03 16:55 N 15 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 -1.3 19% 75.57 0.0
03 16:35 NW 24 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 23.9 -3.1 16% 24 75.57 0.0
03 16:15 N 26 G 33 14.48 Fair CLR 23.2 -0.2 21% 75.57 0.0
03 15:55 NW 31 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW280 24.6 -1.1 18% 25 75.57 0.0
03 15:35 NW 20 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 24.4 -0.3 20% 25 75.57 0.0
03 15:15 NW 24 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 24.3 -0.4 20% 25 75.59 0.0
03 14:55 NW 24 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 -0.7 19% 24 75.62 0.0
03 14:35 NW 26 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 -0.2 20% 25 75.62 0.0
03 14:15 NW 28 16.09 Fair CLR 24.2 -1.2 19% 24 75.62 0.0
03 13:35 NW 26 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 0.2 21% 25 75.62 0.0
03 13:15 NW 31 G 44 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW210 23.2 0.8 23% 75.64 0.0
03 12:55 NW 28 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW200 23.7 1 22% 75.64 0.0
03 12:35 NW 37 G 46 16.09 A Few Clouds and Breezy FEW140 22.9 0.9 23% 75.64 0.0
03 12:15 NW 28 G 37 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW140 SCT200 21.7 1.4 26% 75.62 0.0
03 11:55 NW 31 G 41 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT200 21.7 0.8 25% 75.67 0.0
03 11:35 N 28 16.09 Fair CLR 22 1.7 26% 75.67 0.0
03 11:15 N 26 16.09 Fair CLR 21.7 3.1 30% 75.64 0.0
03 10:55 NW 30 16.09 Fair CLR 21.6 2.1 28% 75.64 0.0
03 10:35 NW 30 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 21.1 1.9 28% 75.64 0.0
03 10:15 NW 28 16.09 Fair CLR 20 2.5 31% 75.64 0.0
03 09:55 W 30 16.09 Fair CLR 19.1 3 34% 75.64 0.0
03 09:35 W 31 16.09 Fair CLR 18.6 2.8 35% 75.64 0.0
03 09:15 W 35 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 17.2 2.4 37% 75.64 0.0
03 08:55 W 37 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 16.7 2.2 38% 75.64 0.0
03 08:35 W 35 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 15.7 2 40% 75.64 0.0
03 08:15 W 33 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 14.5 1.7 42% 75.64 0.0
03 07:35 SW 30 16.09 Fair CLR 12 1.4 49% 75.62 0.0
03 07:15 SW 28 14.48 Fair CLR 11.1 1.2 51% 75.64 0.0
03 06:55 SW 24 4.83 A Few Clouds with Haze FEW130 10.7 0.7 50% 75.67 0.0
03 06:35 SW 24 4.83 Mostly Cloudy with Haze BKN130 11.4 0.7 48% 75.64 0.0
03 06:15 SW 30 4.83 Mostly Cloudy with Haze BKN140 BKN160 11.7 0.7 47% 75.67 0.0
03 05:55 SW 15 6.44 Mostly Cloudy with Haze BKN140 9.8 0.9 54% 8 75.69 0.0
03 05:35 W 11 9.66 Partly Cloudy with Haze SCT150 8.9 0.9 58% 7 75.74 0.0
03 05:15 S 7 6.44 Mostly Cloudy with Haze BKN140 BKN160 10.2 0.8 52% 75.69 0.0
03 04:55 S 11 6.44 Overcast with Haze OVC130 11.1 0.4 48% 75.69 0.0
03 04:35 S 13 6.44 Overcast with Haze OVC130 11.1 0.5 48% 75.72 0.0
03 04:15 S 13 6.44 Mostly Cloudy with Haze BKN130 BKN150 11.1 0.4 48% 75.72 0.0
03 03:55 S 9 6.44 Mostly Cloudy with Haze SCT130 BKN150 11.2 0.3 47% 75.74 0.0
03 03:35 S 11 6.44 Overcast with Haze BKN130 OVC150 11.4 0.3 47% 75.77 0.0
03 03:15 S 11 6.44 Overcast with Haze OVC120 10.9 0.3 48% 75.79 0.0
03 02:55 S 13 8.05 Overcast with Haze OVC130 10.2 0.3 51% 75.79 0.0
03 02:35 S 11 8.05 Overcast with Haze FEW095 OVC120 9.9 0.2 51% 9 75.82 0.0
03 02:15 S 15 8.05 Overcast with Haze BKN120 OVC140 9.9 0 50% 8 75.84 0.0
03 01:55 S 17 8.05 Partly Cloudy with Haze SCT140 9.8 -0.3 50% 8 75.84 0.0
03 01:35 S 17 8.05 Partly Cloudy with Haze SCT130 SCT180 10 -0.7 48% 8 75.87 0.0
03 01:15 S 19 8.05 Mostly Cloudy with Haze BKN140 BKN170 10.3 -0.5 47% 75.87 0.0
03 00:55 S 13 8.05 Partly Cloudy with Haze FEW120 SCT150 10 -0.5 48% 8 75.9 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)