National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Perry Municipal Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
16 23:35 E 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN200 20 17 83% 75.49 0.0
16 23:15 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 19.9 17.7 87% 75.49 0.0
16 22:55 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.6 17.8 84% 75.54 0.0
16 22:35 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 18 88% 75.49 0.0
16 22:15 SE 15 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW100 21.2 17.8 81% 75.51 0.0
16 21:55 E 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN095 21.2 18.8 86% 75.57 0.0
16 21:35 SE 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW060 BKN090 21.7 18.8 84% 75.54 0.0
16 21:15 SE 17 16.09 Overcast SCT060 OVC170 22.8 18.9 79% 75.49 0.0
16 20:55 E 17 16.09 Overcast OVC170 23.2 19.4 79% 75.49 0.0
16 20:35 E 20 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW070 BKN170 BKN190 23.7 19.8 79% 75.51 0.0
16 20:15 E 22 16.09 Overcast FEW044 SCT055 BKN070 OVC180 24.2 19.7 76% 25 75.49 0.0
16 19:55 E 24 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT045 BKN055 24.2 19.8 77% 25 75.46 0.0
16 19:35 NE 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW041 BKN200 24.4 19.7 75% 25 75.46 0.0
16 19:15 E 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW180 BKN210 24.5 19.7 75% 25 75.46 0.0
16 18:55 E 22 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN180 24.7 19.8 74% 26 75.46 0.0
16 18:35 E 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN190 24.7 20 75% 26 75.49 0.0
16 18:15 E 20 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT200 SCT300 BKN330 25.1 19.8 73% 26 75.51 0.0
16 17:55 E 26 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN060 BKN330 26.1 20 69% 27 75.46 0.0
16 17:35 E 26 16.09 Overcast OVC060 25.6 19.8 70% 27 75.57 0.0
16 17:15 E 26 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN060 26.5 20.2 68% 28 75.54 0.0
16 16:55 E 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy FEW046 BKN060 26.2 20.3 70% 28 75.57 0.0
16 16:35 E 20 16.09 Overcast BKN046 OVC060 25.1 19.7 72% 26 75.59 0.0
16 16:15 E 20 16.09 Overcast OVC044 24.8 19.3 72% 26 75.62 0.0
16 15:55 E 22 16.09 Overcast OVC042 25 19.2 70% 26 75.64 0.0
16 15:35 E 22 16.09 Overcast OVC044 25.4 19.2 69% 26 75.64 0.0
16 15:15 E 19 16.09 Overcast OVC044 26.6 19 63% 28 75.64 0.0
16 14:55 E 22 16.09 Overcast OVC043 26 18.7 64% 27 75.67 0.0
16 14:35 E 24 G 35 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN043 26.9 19 62% 28 75.67 0.0
16 14:15 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27 19.5 64% 28 75.69 0.0
16 13:55 E 19 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW034 26.8 19.1 63% 28 75.69 0.0
16 13:35 E 20 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT032 26.4 19 64% 28 75.72 0.0
16 13:15 E 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT031 BKN041 25.7 19.9 70% 27 75.74 0.0
16 12:55 E 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW024 SCT040 25.2 19.9 73% 26 75.74 0.0
16 12:35 E 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN023 BKN030 BKN039 24.7 20 75% 26 75.77 0.0
16 12:15 E 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN022 BKN028 24.4 20.2 78% 25 75.74 0.0
16 11:55 E 9 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW018 24.5 20.7 79% 25 75.74 0.0
16 11:35 NE 9 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW018 23.4 20.1 82% 75.74 0.0
16 11:15 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.4 20.1 82% 75.74 0.0
16 10:55 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 22.8 19.7 83% 75.74 0.0
16 10:35 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR 23 20.1 84% 75.74 0.0
16 10:15 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR 22.1 19.4 85% 75.74 0.0
16 09:55 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 21.6 19.2 86% 75.74 0.0
16 09:35 E 17 12.87 Fair CLR 20.8 18.8 88% 75.72 0.0
16 09:15 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 20.3 17.8 86% 75.72 0.0
16 08:55 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 19.8 17.3 86% 75.72 0.0
16 08:35 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 19.3 16.9 86% 75.72 0.0
16 08:15 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 18.8 17.3 91% 75.72 0.0
16 07:55 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 18 16.9 93% 75.69 0.0
16 07:35 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 16.6 97% 75.67 0.0
16 07:15 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 16.2 16.2 100% 75.67 0.0
16 06:55 E 7 14.48 Fair CLR 15.1 15.1 100% 75.67 0.0
16 06:35 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 14.7 14.7 100% 75.62 0.0
16 06:15 NE 7 14.48 Fair CLR 14.9 14.9 100% 75.59 0.0
16 05:55 NE 9 12.87 Fair CLR 14.7 14.7 100% 75.57 0.0
16 05:35 E 7 14.48 Fair CLR 15 15 100% 75.54 0.0
16 05:15 NE 9 12.87 Fair CLR 15.2 15.2 100% 75.54 0.0
16 04:55 Calm 14.48 Fair CLR 15.4 15.4 100% 75.51 0.0
16 04:35 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 15.5 15.5 100% 75.49 0.0
16 04:15 S 9 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW120 16.3 16.3 100% 75.49 0.0
16 03:55 S 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 16.3 16.3 100% 75.49 0.0
16 03:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 16.3 16.3 100% 75.49 0.0
16 03:15 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 16.9 16.6 98% 75.49 0.0
16 02:55 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 16.3 95% 75.49 0.0
16 02:35 SW 11 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW085 17.1 16.3 95% 75.51 0.0
16 02:15 S 13 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT085 SCT120 BKN180 BKN210 17.2 16.3 94% 75.51 0.0
16 01:55 SW 6 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN160 OVC190 16.6 16.4 99% 75.49 0.0
16 01:35 Calm 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT060 OVC150 16.2 15.3 94% 75.41 0.0
16 01:15 SE 15 14.48 Light Rain Thunderstorm in Vicinity Light Rain Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN060 BKN070 OVC095 BKN060 BKN070 OVC090 16.3 15.3 94% 75.51 0.0
16 00:55 S 17 G 37 12.87 Thunderstorm Light Rain SCT055 OVC090 16.9 15.5 92% 75.51 0.0
16 00:35 SW 39 6.44 Light Rain Fog/Mist Thunderstorm in Vicinity and Breezy FEW007 OVC075 16.6 16 96% 75.44 0.0 2.82
16 00:15 W 43 G 70 0.80 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain Fog and Windy FEW004 BKN041 OVC075 15.7 14.5 93% 75.51 0.0 2.29
15 23:55 N 22 G 43 4.83 Heavy Rain Thunderstorm in Vicinity FEW004 OVC070 19.9 17.4 86% 75.51 0.0 0.25
15 23:35 N 28 G 43 16.09 Light Rain BKN075 BKN150 22.7 14.9 62% 75.39 0.0
15 23:15 N 44 G 56 16.09 Overcast and Windy SCT085 BKN130 OVC150 24.8 13.9 51% 26 75.39 0.0
15 22:55 SE 7 16.09 Overcast SCT130 BKN150 OVC170 25.3 11 41% 26 75.21 0.0
15 22:35 N 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy FEW150 SCT170 23.5 11 45% 75.18 0.0
15 22:15 S 15 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW150 25.1 9.8 38% 26 75.13 0.0
15 21:55 SW 22 16.09 Fair CLR 25.9 9.6 36% 26 75.13 0.0
15 21:35 SW 28 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 26.2 10 36% 26 75.11 0.0
15 21:15 SW 28 16.09 Fair CLR 26 13.2 45% 26 75.11 0.0
15 20:55 SW 35 G 56 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 27.2 14.6 46% 27 75.03 0.0
15 20:35 S 24 G 39 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT230 27.9 17.2 52% 29 75.06 0.0
15 20:15 S 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT230 27.6 17.3 53% 28 75.11 0.0
15 19:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 28.2 17.2 51% 29 75.11 0.0
15 19:35 S 19 G 31 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW190 29 17.2 49% 30 75.13 0.0
15 19:15 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 29.4 17.2 48% 30 75.13 0.0
15 18:55 S 24 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 30.1 17.2 46% 31 75.08 0.0
15 18:35 S 22 G 37 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT180 30.7 17.4 45% 31 75.16 0.0
15 18:15 S 28 G 35 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW160 30.3 17.3 46% 31 75.18 0.0
15 17:55 S 31 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW180 30.1 17 45% 30 75.21 0.0
15 17:35 S 26 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN180 30.8 16.8 43% 31 75.18 0.0
15 17:15 S 26 16.09 Overcast OVC180 30.9 16.3 41% 31 75.21 0.0
15 16:55 S 22 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN180 31.3 16.2 40% 31 75.23 0.0
15 16:35 S 24 G 43 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT170 31.7 16.2 39% 32 75.26 0.0
15 16:15 S 20 G 35 16.09 Overcast OVC170 32.5 15.8 37% 32 75.29 0.0
15 15:55 S 20 G 39 16.09 Overcast OVC170 31.8 14.7 35% 31 75.29 0.0
15 15:35 S 31 G 44 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT180 32.6 15 35% 32 75.26 0.0
15 15:15 S 31 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 33.2 15.1 34% 33 75.29 0.0
15 14:55 S 30 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR 32.5 14.7 34% 32 75.31 0.0
15 14:15 SE 28 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 31.9 15 36% 31 75.36 0.0
15 13:55 S 22 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 31 15.1 38% 31 75.36 0.0
15 13:35 S 33 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 31 14.7 37% 31 75.39 0.0
15 13:15 SE 31 16.09 Fair CLR 29.9 14.7 40% 30 75.41 0.0
15 12:55 SE 26 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 29.1 15 42% 29 75.44 0.0
15 12:35 SE 26 16.09 Fair CLR 29.1 14.8 42% 29 75.46 0.0
15 12:15 SE 24 16.09 Fair CLR 28.5 14.6 43% 28 75.46 0.0
15 11:55 SE 22 16.09 Fair CLR 27.5 14.8 46% 28 75.49 0.0
15 11:35 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 26.8 14.7 47% 27 75.49 0.0
15 11:15 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 26.1 13.9 47% 27 75.49 0.0
15 10:55 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 13.8 48% 26 75.49 0.0
15 10:35 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 13.4 50% 26 75.49 0.0
15 10:15 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 12.7 48% 26 75.49 0.0
15 09:55 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 23.8 12 48% 75.49 0.0
15 09:35 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 22.7 11.5 49% 75.49 0.0
15 09:15 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 21.4 10.7 51% 75.51 0.0
15 08:55 SE 20 16.09 Fair CLR 20.6 10.1 51% 75.51 0.0
15 08:35 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 19.9 9.7 52% 75.51 0.0
15 08:15 SE 22 16.09 Fair CLR 19.2 9.4 53% 75.51 0.0
15 07:55 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 17.7 9.5 59% 75.54 0.0
15 07:35 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 16.3 9.3 63% 75.54 0.0
15 07:15 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15 9.4 69% 75.51 0.0
15 06:55 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 9.1 75% 75.51 0.0
15 06:35 E 7 14.48 Fair CLR 12.1 8.1 77% 75.51 0.0
15 06:15 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 11.7 7.6 76% 75.51 0.0
15 05:55 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 11.7 7.4 75% 75.51 0.0
15 05:35 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 11.5 7.6 77% 75.49 0.0
15 05:15 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 12 7.6 75% 75.49 0.0
15 04:55 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 12.7 7.4 70% 75.49 0.0
15 04:35 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 7.3 66% 75.49 0.0
15 04:15 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 13.7 7.1 65% 75.49 0.0
15 03:55 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 13.7 6.8 63% 75.49 0.0
15 03:35 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 13.8 7 64% 75.49 0.0
15 03:15 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 14.1 7.1 63% 75.49 0.0
15 02:55 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 14.6 6.7 59% 75.51 0.0
15 02:35 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 15.3 7.1 58% 75.51 0.0
15 02:15 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 15.4 6.8 57% 75.51 0.0
15 01:55 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 16 6.7 54% 75.54 0.0
15 01:35 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 16.2 6.6 53% 75.54 0.0
15 01:15 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 15.9 6.4 54% 75.57 0.0
15 00:55 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 15.9 6.6 54% 75.59 0.0
15 00:35 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 16.3 6.4 52% 75.62 0.0
15 00:15 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 16.9 5.9 49% 75.64 0.0
14 23:55 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 17.6 6 47% 75.64 0.0
14 23:35 SE 15 16.09 A Few Clouds FEW150 18.8 6 43% 75.64 0.0
14 23:15 S 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN150 BKN190 19.4 5.8 41% 75.64 0.0
14 22:55 S 19 16.09 Overcast OVC150 19.8 5.7 40% 75.64 0.0
14 22:35 S 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN160 BKN180 20.2 5.4 38% 75.64 0.0
14 22:15 SE 19 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT170 20.2 5 37% 75.62 0.0
14 21:55 SE 20 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT200 SCT220 19.9 4.4 36% 75.54 0.0
14 21:35 SE 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT210 20 4.1 35% 75.57 0.0
14 21:15 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 21.2 4.2 33% 75.54 0.0
14 20:55 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 21.6 4.2 32% 75.54 0.0
14 20:35 S 20 14.48 Fair CLR 21.8 4.1 31% 75.57 0.0
14 20:15 S 22 12.87 Fair CLR 22.9 3.9 29% 75.57 0.0
14 19:55 S 24 14.48 A Few Clouds FEW080 23.7 3.6 27% 75.57 0.0
14 19:35 S 24 14.48 Partly Cloudy SCT070 24.2 3.5 26% 25 75.57 0.0
14 19:15 S 28 16.09 Overcast OVC070 24.7 3.9 26% 25 75.57 0.0
14 18:55 S 31 14.48 Overcast OVC070 24.7 4.4 27% 25 75.57 0.0
14 18:35 S 31 16.09 Overcast OVC065 24.5 4.3 27% 25 75.57 0.0
14 18:15 S 37 G 48 16.09 Overcast and Breezy BKN065 OVC075 25.3 3.8 25% 25 75.57 0.0
14 17:55 S 39 G 50 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC075 25.6 3.9 25% 25 75.59 0.0
14 17:35 S 33 G 44 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC070 25.1 4.1 26% 25 75.59 0.0
14 17:15 S 39 G 44 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC075 25.2 3.8 25% 25 75.62 0.0
14 16:55 S 37 G 50 16.09 Overcast and Breezy BKN075 OVC095 25.5 3.6 24% 25 75.62 0.0
14 16:35 S 39 G 50 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity and Breezy FEW075 OVC100 26.5 3.9 23% 26 75.62 0.0
14 16:15 S 48 G 56 16.09 Overcast and Windy SCT075 OVC100 27 4.1 23% 26 75.67 0.0
14 15:55 S 41 G 54 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN080 26.8 4.1 23% 26 75.69 0.0
14 15:35 S 35 G 54 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC080 26.8 4 23% 26 75.72 0.0
14 15:15 S 39 G 57 16.09 Overcast and Breezy OVC080 26.8 3.8 23% 26 75.72 0.0
14 14:55 S 28 G 48 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN085 27.3 3.7 22% 26 75.74 0.0
14 14:35 S 37 G 54 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Breezy BKN090 26.6 3.3 22% 26 75.77 0.0
14 14:15 S 41 G 48 16.09 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT100 27.9 3.1 20% 27 75.79 0.0
14 13:55 S 39 G 50 16.09 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT100 27.3 2.8 21% 26 75.84 0.0
14 13:35 S 31 G 48 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT100 BKN380 26.4 2.7 22% 26 75.87 0.0
14 13:15 S 43 G 52 16.09 Mostly Cloudy and Windy FEW110 SCT210 BKN370 26.9 2.7 21% 26 75.9 0.0
14 12:55 S 35 G 46 16.09 Partly Cloudy and Breezy SCT220 SCT350 26.7 2.8 21% 26 75.9 0.0
14 12:35 SE 43 G 57 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 25.9 2.6 22% 26 75.92 0.0
14 12:15 S 43 G 54 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 26.2 2.4 21% 26 75.95 0.0
14 11:55 S 33 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 25.7 2.4 22% 25 75.97 0.0
14 11:35 S 31 G 50 16.09 Fair CLR 24.9 2.1 23% 25 76 0.0
14 11:15 S 37 G 43 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 25.2 2.1 22% 25 76.02 0.0
14 10:55 S 30 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 24.8 2.5 23% 25 76.02 0.0
14 10:35 S 33 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 23.7 2.7 25% 76.05 0.0
14 10:15 S 24 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 23 3.5 28% 76.07 0.0
14 09:55 S 30 16.09 Fair CLR 21.6 3.4 30% 76.1 0.0
14 09:35 S 20 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 20.7 3.6 33% 76.12 0.0
14 09:15 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 20 3.5 34% 76.15 0.0
14 08:55 SE 28 16.09 Fair CLR 18.9 3.2 35% 76.15 0.0
14 08:35 SE 24 16.09 Fair CLR 18.3 3.2 37% 76.17 0.0
14 08:15 SE 20 16.09 Fair CLR 16.9 3.6 41% 76.17 0.0
14 07:55 SE 24 16.09 Fair CLR 15.4 3.5 45% 76.17 0.0
14 07:35 SE 17 14.48 Fair CLR 13.9 3.6 50% 76.17 0.0
14 07:15 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 11.5 4.5 62% 76.17 0.0
14 06:55 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 10.9 3 58% 76.17 0.0
14 06:35 SE 9 14.48 Fair CLR 9.6 2.7 62% 9 76.17 0.0
14 06:15 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 9.4 2.5 62% 8 76.15 0.0
14 05:55 E 11 12.87 Fair CLR 8.9 2.7 65% 7 76.12 0.0
14 05:35 E 17 16.09 Fair CLR 8 2.4 68% 6 76.15 0.0
14 05:15 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 9.2 2.1 61% 8 76.17 0.0
14 04:55 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR 9 1.7 61% 7 76.17 0.0
14 04:35 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 9.6 1.5 57% 8 76.17 0.0
14 04:15 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 9.5 1.8 59% 8 76.17 0.0
14 03:55 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 8.9 1.5 60% 7 76.2 0.0
14 03:35 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 8.9 1.2 59% 7 76.2 0.0
14 03:15 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 9.2 1.4 58% 8 76.23 0.0
14 02:55 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 9.8 1.3 56% 9 76.23 0.0
14 02:35 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 9.8 1.2 55% 8 76.23 0.0
14 02:15 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 10.6 0.7 51% 76.23 0.0
14 01:55 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 11 1.4 52% 76.25 0.0
14 01:35 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 10.5 0.5 50% 76.25 0.0
14 01:15 SE 6 14.48 Fair CLR 11.5 0.5 47% 76.28 0.0
14 00:55 SE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 10.6 -0.3 47% 76.28 0.0
14 00:35 SE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 11.9 0.1 45% 76.28 0.0
14 00:15 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 13 -0.3 40% 76.28 0.0
13 23:55 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 13.7 -0.5 38% 76.28 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)