National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Port Aransas, Mustang Beach Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
28 15:15 SE 20 16.09 Overcast OVC011 28.8 24.5 78% 34 75.95 0.0
28 14:55 SE 20 16.09 Overcast OVC013 27.9 24.1 80% 32 75.97 0.0
28 14:35 SE 20 16.09 Overcast OVC013 28.7 24.4 78% 33 75.97 0.0
28 14:15 SE 22 16.09 Overcast OVC013 28 24.1 79% 32 76 0.0
28 13:55 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC013 28.4 24.3 79% 33 75.97 0.0
28 13:35 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC013 28.1 24.1 79% 32 76 0.0
28 13:15 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC013 28.4 24.2 78% 33 76.05 0.0
28 12:55 SE 20 16.09 Overcast OVC013 28.3 24.3 28.8 25.5 79% 33 76.05 0.0
28 12:35 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC013 28.4 24.3 79% 33 76.05 0.0
28 12:15 SE 22 16.09 Overcast OVC013 28.1 24.3 80% 32 76.07 0.0
28 11:55 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC013 27.9 24.1 80% 32 76.07 0.0
28 11:35 SE 22 16.09 Overcast OVC013 27.8 24.2 81% 32 76.05 0.0
28 11:15 SE 22 16.09 Overcast OVC013 27.9 24.2 80% 32 76.07 0.0
28 10:55 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC013 27.9 24.2 80% 32 76.07 0.0
28 10:35 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC015 27.5 24.1 82% 31 76.05 0.0
28 10:15 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC015 27.5 24.4 83% 31 76.05 0.0
28 09:55 SE 20 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN017 27.1 24.1 84% 30 76.05 0.0
28 09:35 SE 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN017 26.9 24.1 85% 30 76.02 0.0
28 09:15 SE 22 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN017 26.8 24 85% 30 76 0.0
28 08:55 SE 22 16.09 Overcast OVC017 26.4 23.9 86% 29 76 0.0
28 08:35 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC017 26.4 24 87% 29 76 0.0
28 08:15 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC017 26 23.8 88% 28 76 0.0
28 07:55 SE 19 11.27 Fog/Mist BKN019 25.8 23.9 89% 28 76 0.0
28 07:35 SE 17 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT019 25.6 23.8 90% 27 75.97 0.0
28 07:15 SE 15 8.05 Fog/Mist BKN019 25.5 23.8 90% 27 75.95 0.0
28 06:55 SE 13 8.05 Fog/Mist BKN017 25.6 23.9 26.1 25.6 90% 27 75.92 0.0
28 06:35 S 13 11.27 Fog/Mist BKN015 25.7 23.9 90% 27 75.9 0.0
28 06:15 SE 17 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN015 25.7 23.6 88% 27 75.87 0.0
28 05:55 SE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC015 25.8 23.7 88% 27 75.84 0.0
28 05:35 SE 19 G 26 11.27 Overcast OVC015 25.7 23.7 89% 27 75.82 0.0
28 05:15 SE 19 11.27 Overcast OVC015 25.6 23.7 89% 27 75.82 0.0
28 04:55 SE 17 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN015 25.6 23.7 89% 27 75.82 0.0
28 04:35 SE 20 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN015 25.8 23.8 89% 28 75.82 0.0
28 04:15 SE 20 11.27 Overcast OVC015 25.8 23.8 89% 28 75.82 0.0
28 03:55 SE 17 G 30 11.27 Overcast OVC015 25.9 24.1 90% 28 75.82 0.0
28 03:35 SE 17 11.27 Fog/Mist OVC015 25.9 24.2 90% 28 75.82 0.0
28 03:15 SE 17 11.27 Overcast OVC013 26 24.2 90% 28 75.84 0.0
28 02:55 SE 19 11.27 Overcast OVC011 26.1 24.1 89% 28 75.84 0.0
28 02:35 SE 19 11.27 Overcast OVC011 26 24.1 89% 28 75.87 0.0
28 02:15 SE 17 11.27 Overcast OVC011 26 24.2 90% 28 75.9 0.0
28 01:55 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC011 26.1 24.2 89% 28 75.92 0.0
28 01:35 SE 20 16.09 Overcast OVC011 26.1 24.3 90% 28 75.92 0.0
28 01:15 SE 19 11.27 Overcast OVC011 25.9 24.4 91% 28 75.92 0.0
28 00:55 SE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC011 25.8 24.4 26.7 25.7 92% 28 75.92 0.0
28 00:35 SE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC009 25.8 24.6 93% 28 75.92 0.0
28 00:15 SE 17 11.27 Fog/Mist OVC007 25.8 24.6 93% 28 75.92 0.0
27 23:55 SE 15 11.27 Fog/Mist BKN007 25.7 24.5 93% 27 75.92 0.0
27 23:35 SE 15 11.27 Fair CLR 25.7 24.4 93% 27 75.92 0.0
27 23:15 SE 17 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT007 25.8 24.5 93% 28 75.9 0.0
27 22:55 SE 22 11.27 Fair CLR 25.8 24.5 93% 28 75.87 0.0
27 22:35 SE 20 11.27 Fair CLR 25.8 24.5 93% 28 75.9 0.0
27 22:15 SE 20 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT008 25.8 24.5 93% 28 75.87 0.0
27 21:55 SE 20 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN006 25.8 24.5 93% 28 75.84 0.0
27 21:35 SE 19 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN006 25.9 24.5 92% 28 75.84 0.0
27 21:15 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC008 25.9 24.5 92% 28 75.84 0.0
27 20:55 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC008 25.9 24.4 91% 28 75.82 0.0
27 20:35 E 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT008 25.9 24.4 91% 28 75.79 0.0
27 20:15 SE 17 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT065 26 24.4 91% 28 75.79 0.0
27 19:55 SE 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN065 26.2 24.4 90% 29 75.79 0.0
27 19:35 SE 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT009 SCT065 26.3 24.4 89% 29 75.77 0.0
27 19:15 E 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN009 BKN065 26.4 24.3 88% 29 75.77 0.0
27 18:55 E 17 16.09 Overcast OVC009 26.7 24.5 28.4 26.6 88% 30 75.74 0.0
27 18:35 E 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN009 26.9 24.4 86% 30 75.72 0.0
27 18:15 SE 19 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 24.4 85% 31 75.69 0.0
27 17:55 SE 17 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 24.6 86% 31 75.69 0.0
27 17:35 E 20 16.09 Fair CLR 27.7 24.4 82% 32 75.69 0.0
27 17:15 SE 19 16.09 Fair CLR 27.7 24.4 82% 32 75.72 0.0
27 16:55 E 19 16.09 Fair CLR 28 24.5 81% 32 75.74 0.0
27 16:35 E 20 16.09 Fair CLR 27.9 24.5 82% 32 75.74 0.0
27 16:15 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 28.3 24.6 80% 33 75.74 0.0
27 15:55 E 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT027 28.1 24.4 80% 32 75.74 0.0
27 15:35 SE 13 11.27 Mostly Cloudy SCT020 BKN027 BKN034 28.2 24.7 81% 33 75.77 0.0
27 15:15 SE 17 11.27 Overcast with Haze SCT020 OVC027 27.4 24.5 84% 31 75.77 0.0
27 14:55 SE 19 11.27 Overcast with Haze SCT015 OVC025 27.2 24.4 85% 31 75.82 0.0
27 14:35 SE 15 11.27 Overcast with Haze SCT017 OVC025 27.4 24.3 83% 31 75.82 0.0
27 14:15 SE 15 11.27 Overcast with Haze SCT020 OVC025 27.3 24.1 83% 31 75.82 0.0
27 13:55 SE 15 11.27 Overcast BKN021 OVC027 27.7 24.4 82% 32 75.82 0.0
27 13:35 SE 19 11.27 Overcast OVC021 27.5 24.5 84% 31 75.82 0.0
27 13:15 SE 17 11.27 Overcast OVC021 27.4 24.3 83% 31 75.82 0.0
27 12:55 SE 17 11.27 Overcast OVC021 27.2 24.2 28.1 25.4 84% 31 75.82 0.0
27 12:35 SE 19 11.27 Overcast OVC023 27.7 24.3 82% 32 75.82 0.0
27 12:15 SE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC023 27.8 24.4 82% 32 75.82 0.0
27 11:55 SE 17 11.27 Overcast OVC021 27.5 24.2 82% 31 75.84 0.0
27 11:35 SE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC021 27.2 24.2 84% 31 75.84 0.0
27 11:15 SE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC021 27.1 24.2 84% 30 75.84 0.0
27 10:55 SE 11 11.27 Overcast OVC021 26.8 23.8 84% 30 75.84 0.0
27 10:35 SE 11 11.27 Overcast OVC019 26.7 23.8 84% 29 75.84 0.0
27 10:15 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC019 26.5 23.5 84% 29 75.84 0.0
27 09:55 S 11 16.09 Overcast OVC019 26.3 23.5 85% 29 75.82 0.0
27 09:15 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC017 26 23.5 86% 28 75.82 0.0
27 08:55 S 11 16.09 Overcast OVC017 25.9 23.6 87% 28 75.82 0.0
27 08:35 S 11 16.09 Overcast OVC017 25.8 23.9 89% 28 75.79 0.0
27 08:15 S 9 16.09 Overcast OVC017 25.8 23.9 89% 28 75.79 0.0
27 07:55 S 11 11.27 Overcast OVC017 25.6 23.8 90% 27 75.77 0.0
27 07:35 S 11 11.27 Overcast OVC017 25.5 23.8 90% 27 75.74 0.0
27 07:15 S 13 11.27 Overcast OVC017 25.4 23.7 90% 27 75.72 0.0
27 06:55 S 15 16.09 Overcast OVC017 25.4 23.7 25.4 25.1 90% 27 75.72 0.0
27 06:35 S 17 16.09 Overcast OVC017 25.4 23.7 90% 27 75.69 0.0
27 06:15 S 15 16.09 Overcast OVC015 25.4 23.6 90% 27 75.69 0.0
27 05:55 S 15 16.09 Overcast OVC013 25.4 23.6 90% 27 75.67 0.0
27 05:35 S 17 16.09 Overcast OVC013 25.3 23.6 90% 26 75.64 0.0
27 05:15 S 15 11.27 Overcast OVC013 25.3 23.8 91% 26 75.62 0.0
27 04:55 S 15 11.27 Overcast OVC013 25.2 23.9 93% 26 75.62 0.0
27 04:35 S 13 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN013 25.2 24 93% 26 75.59 0.0
27 04:15 S 15 11.27 Fog/Mist SCT013 25.1 24 94% 26 75.59 0.0
27 03:55 SE 13 11.27 Fog/Mist SCT015 25.1 24.1 94% 26 75.62 0.0
27 03:35 S 15 11.27 Fog/Mist SCT006 25.2 24.1 94% 26 75.62 0.0
27 03:15 SE 11 11.27 Fog/Mist BKN006 25.1 24 94% 26 75.62 0.0
27 02:55 S 13 11.27 Mostly Cloudy SCT006 BKN016 25.2 24.1 94% 26 75.62 0.0
27 02:35 S 17 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN014 25.2 24.1 94% 26 75.64 0.0
27 02:15 SE 19 11.27 Fair CLR 25.2 24.1 94% 26 75.64 0.0
27 01:55 SE 19 G 28 11.27 Fair CLR 25.1 24 94% 26 75.64 0.0
27 01:35 SE 17 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT006 25.1 24 94% 26 75.64 0.0
27 01:15 SE 17 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN006 25.2 24.1 94% 26 75.67 0.0
27 00:55 SE 17 11.27 Overcast OVC006 25.3 24.1 26 25.2 93% 26 75.69 0.0
27 00:35 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC010 25.4 24.1 93% 27 75.69 0.0
27 00:15 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC010 25.4 24.1 93% 27 75.69 0.0
26 23:55 SE 15 16.09 Overcast BKN009 OVC012 25.4 24.2 93% 27 75.69 0.0
26 23:35 SE 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN009 25.3 24.1 93% 26 75.72 0.0
26 23:15 SE 17 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 25.2 24 93% 26 75.69 0.0
26 22:55 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 25.3 24 93% 26 75.69 0.0
26 22:15 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC031 25.4 24 92% 27 75.72 0.0
26 21:55 E 17 16.09 Overcast OVC029 25.5 24 91% 27 75.69 0.0
26 21:35 E 17 16.09 Overcast OVC029 25.5 24 91% 27 75.67 0.0
26 21:15 E 17 16.09 Overcast OVC031 25.5 24 91% 27 75.67 0.0
26 20:55 E 19 16.09 Overcast OVC033 25.6 24 91% 27 75.64 0.0
26 20:35 E 15 11.27 Overcast OVC033 25.6 24 91% 27 75.64 0.0
26 20:15 E 19 11.27 Fog/Mist OVC033 25.6 23.9 90% 27 75.64 0.0
26 19:55 E 19 11.27 Fog/Mist OVC033 25.8 24 90% 28 75.62 0.0
26 19:35 E 19 11.27 Fog/Mist OVC033 25.9 23.9 89% 28 75.59 0.0
26 19:15 E 19 11.27 Fog/Mist OVC033 25.9 23.9 89% 28 75.59 0.0
26 18:55 E 19 11.27 Fog/Mist OVC033 26 23.8 28.6 26 88% 28 75.62 0.0
26 18:35 E 19 11.27 Overcast OVC033 26.1 23.9 88% 28 75.59 0.0
26 18:15 E 17 11.27 Overcast OVC033 26.3 23.9 87% 29 75.62 0.0
26 17:55 E 17 11.27 Overcast OVC033 26.4 23.8 86% 29 75.59 0.0
26 17:35 E 15 11.27 Fog/Mist OVC033 26.4 23.9 86% 29 75.59 0.0
26 17:15 E 17 11.27 Overcast with Haze OVC033 26.6 24 86% 29 75.57 0.0
26 16:55 E 13 11.27 Overcast with Haze OVC033 26.4 23.8 86% 29 75.57 0.0
26 16:35 E 13 11.27 Overcast with Haze OVC033 26.6 23.8 85% 29 75.57 0.0
26 16:15 E 15 11.27 Overcast with Haze OVC033 26.6 23.7 84% 29 75.59 0.0
26 15:55 E 15 11.27 Overcast with Haze OVC033 26.9 23.9 84% 30 75.59 0.0
26 15:35 SE 11 11.27 Overcast with Haze OVC033 26.8 23.8 84% 30 75.62 0.0
26 15:15 E 13 11.27 Overcast with Haze OVC031 26.7 23.8 84% 29 75.62 0.0
26 14:35 E 17 11.27 Overcast with Haze BKN026 OVC031 26.6 23.7 84% 29 75.62 0.0
26 14:15 E 15 11.27 Overcast with Haze OVC027 26.6 23.7 84% 29 75.64 0.0
26 13:55 E 15 11.27 Overcast with Haze OVC027 26.6 23.8 85% 29 75.67 0.0
26 13:35 E 15 11.27 Overcast with Haze SCT021 OVC031 26.7 23.7 84% 29 75.69 0.0
26 13:15 SE 11 11.27 Overcast BKN023 OVC031 26.7 23.7 84% 29 75.72 0.0
26 12:55 SE 13 11.27 Overcast OVC031 27.3 24.3 28.3 25.2 84% 31 75.69 0.0
26 12:35 SE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC031 26.8 23.9 84% 30 75.72 0.0
26 12:15 SE 13 11.27 Overcast SCT021 OVC031 26.6 24 86% 29 75.72 0.0
26 11:55 SE 17 16.09 Overcast BKN021 OVC029 26.1 23.7 87% 28 75.74 0.0
26 11:35 SE 17 11.27 Overcast OVC021 26 23.8 88% 28 75.72 0.0
26 11:15 SE 17 16.09 Overcast BKN021 OVC026 25.9 23.9 89% 28 75.72 0.0
26 10:55 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC023 25.7 23.9 90% 27 75.69 0.0
26 10:35 E 19 11.27 Overcast OVC025 25.7 23.9 90% 27 75.69 0.0
26 10:15 E 19 16.09 Overcast OVC025 25.7 23.9 90% 27 75.69 0.0
26 09:55 E 15 11.27 Overcast OVC025 25.6 24 91% 27 75.67 0.0
26 09:35 E 15 16.09 Overcast SCT017 OVC023 25.5 24 91% 27 75.67 0.0
26 09:15 E 11 11.27 Overcast OVC021 25.4 24 92% 27 75.67 0.0
26 08:55 E 15 11.27 Overcast OVC021 25.4 23.9 91% 27 75.64 0.0
26 08:35 E 11 11.27 Overcast SCT007 SCT013 OVC021 25.4 24 92% 27 75.67 0.0
26 08:15 E 11 11.27 Overcast SCT007 BKN015 OVC021 25.3 23.9 92% 26 75.64 0.0
26 07:55 E 11 11.27 Overcast SCT011 OVC021 25.2 23.9 93% 26 75.62 0.0
26 07:35 E 7 11.27 Overcast SCT011 SCT016 OVC021 25.3 24 93% 26 75.62 0.0
26 07:15 SE 9 11.27 Overcast SCT012 OVC021 25.2 23.9 93% 26 75.57 0.0
26 06:55 SE 7 11.27 Overcast BKN010 BKN014 OVC025 25.2 23.9 25.5 25.1 93% 26 75.57 0.0
26 06:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT014 OVC025 25 24 94% 26 75.54 0.0
26 06:15 SE 7 16.09 Overcast SCT014 BKN019 OVC025 25.2 23.9 93% 26 75.54 0.0
26 05:55 E 6 16.09 Overcast SCT018 OVC025 25.3 23.9 92% 26 75.54 0.0
26 05:35 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC025 25.2 23.8 92% 26 75.51 0.0
26 05:15 SE 7 16.09 Overcast OVC025 25.2 23.8 92% 26 75.49 0.0
26 04:55 SE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC025 25.3 23.9 92% 26 75.49 0.0
26 04:35 SE 9 16.09 Overcast OVC025 25.2 23.9 93% 26 75.51 0.0
26 04:15 SE 11 16.09 Overcast SCT005 OVC025 25.2 23.9 93% 26 75.51 0.0
26 03:55 SE 9 16.09 Overcast SCT005 OVC023 25.3 24 93% 26 75.51 0.0
26 03:35 SE 9 16.09 Overcast SCT007 OVC021 25.3 24 93% 26 75.51 0.0
26 03:15 SE 11 16.09 Overcast SCT006 SCT015 OVC021 25.4 24 92% 27 75.51 0.0
26 02:55 S 11 16.09 Overcast SCT006 OVC019 25.3 23.9 92% 26 75.54 0.0
26 02:35 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC017 25.4 23.9 91% 27 75.54 0.0
26 02:15 SE 11 16.09 Overcast OVC017 25.4 23.8 91% 27 75.54 0.0
26 01:55 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC017 25.5 23.8 90% 27 75.57 0.0
26 01:35 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC015 25.5 23.6 89% 27 75.57 0.0
26 01:15 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC013 25.4 23.6 90% 27 75.57 0.0
26 00:55 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC015 25.4 23.8 26.6 25.2 91% 27 75.57 0.0
26 00:35 SE 17 16.09 Overcast SCT009 OVC015 25.4 23.8 91% 27 75.57 0.0
26 00:15 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC013 25.4 23.7 90% 27 75.57 0.0
25 23:55 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC011 25.4 23.7 90% 27 75.54 0.0
25 23:35 SE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC011 25.3 23.6 90% 26 75.54 0.0
25 23:15 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC013 25.4 23.5 89% 27 75.54 0.0
25 22:55 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC013 25.4 23.5 89% 27 75.57 0.0
25 22:35 SE 15 16.09 Overcast OVC013 25.4 23.5 89% 27 75.57 0.0
25 22:15 SE 17 16.09 Overcast OVC013 25.4 23.5 89% 27 75.57 0.0
25 21:55 SE 17 16.09 Overcast BKN008 OVC013 25.4 23.7 90% 27 75.57 0.0
25 21:35 SE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC008 25.4 23.8 91% 27 75.57 0.0
25 21:15 SE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC008 25.4 23.8 91% 27 75.54 0.0
25 20:55 SE 15 11.27 Overcast OVC008 25.5 23.7 90% 27 75.51 0.0
25 20:35 E 17 11.27 Overcast OVC008 25.6 23.7 89% 27 75.49 0.0
25 20:15 E 19 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN008 25.8 23.8 89% 28 75.46 0.0
25 19:55 E 15 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT008 25.9 23.8 88% 28 75.46 0.0
25 19:35 E 15 11.27 Fair CLR 26.1 23.8 87% 28 75.46 0.0
25 19:15 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 26.2 23.7 86% 28 75.49 0.0
25 18:55 E 17 16.09 Fair CLR 26.6 23.7 28.3 26.5 84% 29 75.49 0.0
25 18:35 E 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27.1 23.9 83% 30 75.49 0.0
25 18:15 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27 23.7 82% 30 75.49 0.0
25 17:55 E 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27.3 23.8 81% 31 75.49 0.0
25 17:35 E 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27.6 23.7 79% 31 75.49 0.0
25 17:15 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27.5 23.6 79% 31 75.49 0.0
25 16:55 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27.4 23.5 79% 31 75.49 0.0
25 16:35 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27.5 23.4 78% 31 75.49 0.0
25 16:15 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 28.1 23.7 77% 32 75.51 0.0
25 15:55 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27.6 23.4 78% 31 75.51 0.0
25 15:35 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27.4 23.3 78% 30 75.54 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)