National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Rochelle, Rochelle Municipal-Koritz Field Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
15 04:55 NE 6 16.09 Overcast BKN014 BKN075 OVC090 21 19.8 93% 76.43 0.0
15 04:35 NE 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT016 BKN090 21.3 19.7 91% 76.43 0.0
15 03:55 E 6 16.09 Overcast SCT050 OVC080 21.1 19.6 91% 76.43 0.0
15 03:15 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT050 OVC085 21 19.4 91% 76.43 0.0
15 02:35 E 11 16.09 Overcast OVC018 21.4 19.2 87% 76.43 0.0
15 02:15 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC020 21.5 19.3 87% 76.48 0.0
15 01:55 E 7 16.09 Overcast BKN020 OVC025 21.5 19.5 88% 76.48 0.0
15 01:35 SE 9 16.09 Overcast BKN018 OVC025 21.5 19.7 90% 76.5 0.0
15 01:15 E 7 16.09 Overcast OVC018 21.8 19.6 87% 76.48 0.0
15 00:55 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC018 21.7 20 23.7 21.6 90% 76.48 0.0
15 00:35 E 9 16.09 Overcast SCT018 OVC110 21.6 20 91% 76.5 0.0
15 00:15 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT090 OVC110 21.9 20.1 90% 76.5 0.0
14 23:55 E 9 16.09 Overcast SCT050 OVC110 22 20.1 89% 76.5 0.0
14 23:35 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT050 OVC095 22.1 20.1 88% 76.53 0.0
14 23:15 E 17 16.09 Overcast SCT020 OVC095 22.1 20.2 89% 76.56 0.0
14 22:55 E 15 16.09 Overcast SCT020 BKN095 OVC110 22.1 20.4 90% 76.56 0.0
14 22:35 E 15 11.27 Overcast OVC110 22.2 20.5 90% 76.56 0.0
14 22:15 E 11 16.09 Overcast SCT095 OVC120 22.5 20.5 89% 76.56 0.0
14 21:55 E 13 16.09 Overcast OVC120 22.7 20.5 87% 76.58 0.0
14 21:35 E 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT100 BKN120 23 21 89% 76.56 0.0
14 21:15 E 11 16.09 Overcast SCT020 OVC100 23.2 21.1 88% 76.56 0.0
14 20:55 E 11 16.09 Overcast SCT015 BKN020 OVC100 23.3 21 87% 76.56 0.0
14 20:35 E 11 16.09 Overcast BKN018 OVC023 23.6 21.4 88% 76.56 0.0
14 20:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT021 OVC026 23.5 22 91% 76.53 0.0
14 19:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN026 OVC034 23.5 21.7 90% 76.53 0.0
14 19:35 Calm 11.27 Overcast BKN028 OVC038 23.5 22 91% 76.5 0.0
14 19:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN028 BKN120 23.6 22.1 91% 76.48 0.0
14 18:55 Calm 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 23.8 21.9 26.2 23.8 89% 76.45 0.0
14 18:35 SE 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 24 21 83% 24 76.43 0.0
14 18:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 20.6 78% 25 76.43 0.0
14 17:55 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR 24.9 20.5 77% 26 76.43 0.0
14 17:35 E 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 25.1 20.3 75% 26 76.4 0.0
14 17:15 E 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 25.6 20.4 73% 27 76.4 0.0
14 16:55 SE 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 25.4 20.6 75% 27 76.4 0.0
14 16:35 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 20.5 74% 27 76.4 0.0
14 16:15 SE 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT018 25.4 20.6 75% 27 76.38 0.0
14 15:55 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 25.4 20.7 75% 27 76.4 0.0
14 15:35 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 20.3 77% 25 76.38 0.0
14 15:15 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 25 20.2 75% 26 76.43 0.0
14 14:55 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 20 75% 26 76.43 0.0
14 14:35 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 25.2 19.9 73% 26 76.43 0.0
14 14:15 SE 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT026 SCT031 25.5 19.9 71% 27 76.4 0.0
14 13:55 E 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT021 BKN031 25.7 20.1 71% 27 76.43 0.0
14 13:35 SE 11 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN021 BKN031 25.2 20.3 74% 26 76.45 0.0
14 12:55 S 13 16.09 Overcast SCT019 BKN026 OVC033 25.4 20.8 25.4 21.2 76% 27 76.5 0.0
14 12:35 SE 15 16.09 Overcast BKN021 BKN026 OVC032 24.6 20.4 78% 25 76.48 0.0
14 12:15 SE 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN019 BKN024 24.7 20.4 77% 25 76.48 0.0
14 11:55 E 17 16.09 Fair CLR 24.9 20.9 79% 26 76.48 0.0
14 11:35 E 20 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT011 23.7 20.6 83% 76.4 0.0
14 11:15 NE 17 G 41 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 23.2 21.1 88% 76.33 0.0
14 10:55 NE 28 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT009 SCT022 BKN075 22.6 21.4 93% 76.35 0.0
14 10:35 NE 13 8.05 Fog/Mist BKN009 BKN049 OVC080 22.5 21 91% 76.5 0.0
14 10:15 N 9 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT011 SCT048 OVC080 22.5 21 91% 76.53 0.0
14 09:55 NE 7 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT070 OVC080 22.2 20.5 90% 76.53 0.0
14 09:35 NE 7 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT048 BKN070 OVC080 22.2 20.7 91% 76.5 0.0
14 09:15 NE 7 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT070 BKN080 OVC090 22.1 20.7 92% 76.5 0.0
14 08:55 NE 7 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC090 22.1 20.7 92% 76.45 0.0
14 08:35 NE 7 8.05 Fog/Mist BKN070 OVC090 22 20.5 91% 76.45 0.0
14 08:15 E 9 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC070 21.8 20.3 91% 76.43 0.0
14 07:55 NE 15 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC075 21.6 20.5 94% 76.4 0.0
14 07:35 NE 11 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT008 SCT011 OVC075 21.4 20.3 93% 76.4 0.0
14 07:15 E 9 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC011 21.3 20.2 93% 76.4 0.0
14 06:55 E 13 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC009 21.2 20.2 21.2 19.4 94% 76.35 0.0
14 06:35 NE 9 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC009 21.1 20.1 94% 76.33 0.0
14 06:15 E 9 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC009 21 20 94% 76.3 0.0
14 05:55 E 13 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC009 20.8 19.8 94% 76.28 0.0
14 05:35 E 13 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC009 20.7 19.7 94% 76.28 0.0
14 05:15 E 11 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC009 20.6 19.6 94% 76.25 0.0
14 04:55 E 11 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC009 20.5 19.5 94% 76.25 0.0
14 04:35 E 7 8.05 Fog/Mist BKN011 OVC060 20.3 19.3 94% 76.28 0.0
14 04:15 E 9 11.27 Overcast OVC013 20.2 19.3 95% 76.28 0.0
14 03:55 E 7 11.27 Overcast OVC015 20.2 19.1 93% 76.28 0.0
14 03:35 E 7 11.27 Overcast BKN013 OVC060 20 18.9 93% 76.23 0.0
14 03:15 E 11 11.27 Overcast OVC060 19.7 18.7 94% 76.2 0.0
14 02:55 E 11 11.27 Overcast BKN060 OVC075 19.6 18.7 95% 76.17 0.0
14 02:35 E 11 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT060 SCT085 BKN110 19.5 18.5 94% 76.17 0.0
14 02:15 E 11 8.05 Fog/Mist BKN085 BKN110 19.5 18.5 94% 76.17 0.0
14 01:55 E 15 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC085 19.6 18.6 94% 76.17 0.0
14 01:35 NE 20 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT009 SCT070 OVC085 19.8 18.8 94% 76.2 0.0
14 01:15 NE 17 4.83 Fog/Mist BKN009 OVC070 20.3 19.3 94% 76.2 0.0
14 00:55 E 7 6.44 Light Rain OVC007 20.5 19.6 23 20.2 95% 76.28 0.0 0.48
14 00:35 NE 9 6.44 Fog/Mist BKN007 OVC075 20.5 19.6 95% 76.25 0.0
14 00:15 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT080 BKN090 OVC110 20.5 19.5 94% 76.23 0.0
13 23:55 E 13 6.44 Light Rain BKN009 BKN090 BKN110 20.4 19.5 95% 76.15 0.0
13 23:35 E 7 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC009 20.4 19.5 95% 76.17 0.0
13 23:15 E 7 6.44 Light Drizzle OVC007 20.4 19.5 95% 76.2 0.0
13 22:55 E 11 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC007 20.2 19.2 94% 76.17 0.0 0.03
13 22:35 E 13 6.44 Light Drizzle SCT007 SCT045 BKN065 20.2 19.3 95% 76.2 0.0
13 22:15 E 15 6.44 Light Rain SCT007 SCT044 BKN085 20.4 19.5 95% 76.23 0.0
13 21:55 E 9 6.44 Rain BKN007 BKN038 OVC085 20.5 19.6 95% 76.25 0.0 0.1 0.46
13 21:35 E 7 6.44 Rain BKN009 BKN028 OVC090 20.7 19.7 94% 76.25 0.0 0.08
13 21:15 Calm 6.44 Rain SCT009 BKN034 OVC090 20.8 19.9 95% 76.25 0.0 0.05
13 20:55 E 11 8.05 Rain SCT009 BKN060 OVC085 20.8 19.9 95% 76.17 0.0 0.36
13 20:35 E 6 6.44 Light Rain SCT030 BKN080 OVC090 21 20 94% 76.2 0.0 0.33
13 20:15 E 9 6.44 Heavy Rain SCT033 SCT045 OVC080 21.3 20.1 93% 76.2 0.0 0.15
13 19:55 E 13 11.27 Light Rain OVC080 21.5 20.2 92% 76.15 0.0
13 19:35 E 13 11.27 Light Drizzle OVC080 21.9 20.1 90% 76.12 0.0
13 19:15 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC080 22.4 19.8 85% 76.12 0.0
13 18:55 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT037 SCT043 OVC080 23 20.2 24.6 21.6 84% 76.12 0.0 0.25
13 18:35 E 22 16.09 Overcast SCT018 OVC038 23.6 20.3 82% 76.12 0.0
13 18:15 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT016 BKN029 OVC035 23.9 20.7 82% 24 76.12 0.0
13 17:55 E 9 16.09 Overcast BKN016 OVC025 24.2 21 82% 25 76.12 0.0
13 17:35 E 13 11.27 Mostly Cloudy SCT014 SCT020 BKN024 24.6 21.7 84% 25 76.07 0.0
13 17:15 E 11 11.27 Overcast BKN014 BKN019 OVC110 24.4 21.4 83% 25 76.05 0.0
13 16:55 E 15 11.27 Overcast OVC014 24.6 21.7 84% 25 76.02 0.0
13 16:35 E 15 8.05 Overcast with Haze BKN010 OVC015 24.4 21.8 85% 25 76 0.0
13 16:15 E 20 G 26 6.44 Fog/Mist BKN008 23.8 21.7 88% 75.95 0.0
13 15:55 E 22 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC008 23.1 21.6 91% 75.92 0.0 0.25
13 15:35 E 20 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC008 22.6 21.4 93% 75.95 0.0
13 15:15 E 19 4.83 Fog/Mist SCT008 BKN090 BKN120 22.5 21.3 93% 75.95 0.0
13 14:55 E 19 G 30 6.44 Fog/Mist BKN090 BKN120 22.1 21.1 94% 75.95 0.0
13 14:35 E 13 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT005 BKN095 OVC120 22 21 94% 75.97 0.0
13 14:15 E 17 3.22 Light Drizzle OVC003 21.8 20.8 94% 75.97 0.0
13 13:55 E 17 2.41 Light Rain BKN003 OVC050 21.7 20.8 95% 76.05 0.0 0.25
13 13:35 SE 15 2.01 Light Rain SCT050 BKN070 OVC085 21.6 20.6 94% 76.05 0.0 0.23
13 13:15 Calm 1.61 Heavy Rain BKN017 OVC048 22 21 94% 76.3 0.0 0.13
13 12:55 Calm 3.22 Rain OVC013 22 21 23 19.2 94% 76.35 0.0 0.05 0.05
13 12:35 Calm 4.83 Light Rain OVC011 22.1 21.1 94% 76.35 0.0
13 12:15 Calm 4.83 Light Drizzle OVC011 22.2 21 93% 76.3 0.0
13 11:55 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC009 22.2 20.7 91% 76.2 0.0
13 11:35 E 9 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC009 22.5 20.8 90% 76.17 0.0
13 11:15 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC009 22.5 20.9 91% 76.17 0.0
13 10:55 SE 6 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC009 22.5 21 91% 76.12 0.0
13 10:35 SE 11 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC009 22.6 21.2 92% 76.12 0.0
13 10:15 SE 11 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC009 22.6 21.1 91% 76.12 0.0
13 09:55 SE 7 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT009 22.9 21.4 91% 76.05 0.0
13 09:35 SE 9 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT005 22.6 21.6 94% 76.07 0.0
13 09:15 E 11 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT005 22.3 21.4 95% 76.05 0.0
13 08:55 E 9 6.44 Fog/Mist BKN003 22 21 94% 76.05 0.0
13 08:35 NE 13 4.83 Fog/Mist BKN003 21.5 20.5 94% 76.05 0.0
13 08:15 E 7 4.02 Fog/Mist BKN003 21.1 20.1 94% 76.07 0.0
13 07:55 E 7 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT003 21.1 20.2 95% 76.07 0.0
13 07:35 E 6 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 20.4 19.5 95% 76.05 0.0
13 07:15 Calm 4.83 Fog/Mist CLR 19.8 18.9 95% 76.02 0.0
13 06:55 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist CLR 19.1 18.2 19.5 18 95% 76.02 0.0
13 06:35 Calm 4.02 Fog/Mist CLR 18.5 17.6 95% 76 0.0
13 06:15 Calm 4.83 Fog/Mist CLR 18.5 17.6 95% 76 0.0
13 05:55 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 18.5 17.5 94% 76 0.0
13 05:35 Calm 3.22 Fog/Mist CLR 18.4 17.5 95% 76 0.0
13 05:15 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT015 18.6 17.7 95% 75.97 0.0
13 04:55 Calm 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN015 18.6 17.6 94% 75.97 0.0
13 04:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT015 18.4 17.5 95% 75.95 0.0
13 04:15 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist CLR 18.7 17.8 95% 75.95 0.0
13 03:55 Calm 4.83 Fog/Mist CLR 18.2 17.3 95% 75.95 0.0
13 03:35 Calm 4.02 Fog/Mist CLR 18.1 17.2 95% 75.97 0.0
13 03:15 Calm 4.02 Fog/Mist SCT016 18.6 17.6 94% 75.95 0.0
13 02:55 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT016 19 18 94% 75.95 0.0
13 02:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 18.7 17.8 95% 75.95 0.0
13 02:15 Calm 2.82 Fog/Mist VV007 18.7 17.8 95% 75.95 0.0
13 01:55 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist CLR 18.7 17.9 95% 75.97 0.0
13 01:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 18.9 18 95% 75.95 0.0
13 01:15 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist CLR 19.2 18.3 95% 75.95 0.0
13 00:55 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 19.5 18.6 25.5 19.4 95% 75.95 0.0
13 00:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 19.6 18.6 94% 75.95 0.0
13 00:15 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 19.5 18.6 95% 75.92 0.0
12 23:55 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 19.9 19 95% 75.92 0.0
12 23:35 E 7 8.05 Fog/Mist CLR 20.2 19.2 94% 75.92 0.0
12 23:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 20.5 19.6 95% 75.95 0.0
12 22:55 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 20.7 19.7 94% 75.95 0.0
12 22:35 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 21.1 20.1 94% 75.97 0.0
12 22:15 S 7 11.27 Fair CLR 21.1 20.1 94% 75.95 0.0
12 21:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 21.5 20.5 94% 75.95 0.0
12 21:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.1 21.1 94% 75.92 0.0
12 21:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 22.3 21.3 94% 75.9 0.0
12 20:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.8 21.8 94% 75.87 0.0
12 20:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT030 BKN037 BKN047 23.4 22.2 93% 75.84 0.0
12 19:55 SW 6 16.09 Overcast SCT030 BKN038 OVC047 24 22.5 91% 23 75.82 0.0
12 19:35 SW 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN030 24.5 22.3 88% 25 75.79 0.0
12 19:15 SW 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT030 BKN043 25.1 22.5 86% 26 75.79 0.0
12 18:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast SCT030 BKN037 OVC043 25.5 22.2 27.6 25 82% 27 75.79 0.0
12 18:35 S 6 16.09 Overcast BKN030 OVC037 25.6 22 81% 27 75.79 0.0
12 18:15 SW 6 16.09 Overcast OVC028 26.4 21.2 73% 28 75.79 0.0
12 17:55 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN028 26.9 20 66% 28 75.79 0.0
12 17:35 W 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT028 27.5 20.6 66% 29 75.77 0.0
12 17:15 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 27.5 20.2 64% 29 75.74 0.0
12 16:55 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 27.5 20.5 66% 29 75.72 0.0
12 16:35 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR 27.4 21 68% 29 75.72 0.0
12 16:15 N 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27 20.7 68% 29 75.69 0.0
12 15:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 26.6 21 71% 28 75.72 0.0
12 15:35 NW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 26.4 21 72% 28 75.72 0.0
12 15:15 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 26.4 21 72% 28 75.72 0.0
12 14:55 NW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 20.6 74% 27 75.72 0.0
12 14:35 W 20 16.09 Fair CLR 25.4 20.1 73% 27 75.74 0.0
12 14:15 W 17 16.09 Fair CLR 25.3 19.8 72% 26 75.79 0.0
12 13:55 W 19 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 19.3 69% 27 75.79 0.0
12 13:35 W 17 16.09 Fair CLR 25.6 20.4 73% 27 75.82 0.0
12 13:15 W 11 16.09 Fair CLR 25 20.2 75% 26 75.84 0.0
12 12:55 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 25.3 20.4 25.7 19.8 74% 26 75.84 0.0 0.74
12 12:35 SW 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 SCT080 25.3 20.4 74% 26 75.82 0.0
12 12:15 SW 7 16.09 Overcast SCT050 OVC070 23.7 20.4 82% 75.87 0.0
12 11:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC048 23.3 20.6 85% 75.9 0.0
12 11:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC046 22.2 21 93% 75.9 0.0
12 11:15 SW 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT042 21.2 20.2 94% 75.87 0.0
12 10:55 SW 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN038 20.6 19.7 95% 75.87 0.0
12 10:35 S 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT036 20.1 19.2 95% 75.84 0.0
12 10:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 19.8 18.9 95% 75.82 0.0
12 09:35 Calm 6.44 Light Rain SCT012 BKN046 OVC110 19.9 19 95% 75.82 0.0 0.71
12 09:15 SW 24 G 37 4.02 Heavy Rain BKN003 BKN020 OVC030 20.2 19.3 95% 75.92 0.0 0.43
12 08:55 Calm 1.61 Light Rain OVC003 21.8 20.8 94% 75.84 0.0
12 08:35 Calm 2.82 Light Drizzle OVC003 21.9 20.9 94% 75.79 0.0
12 08:15 Calm 3.22 Light Rain OVC003 21.6 20.6 94% 75.79 0.0
12 07:55 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC003 21.6 20.6 94% 75.77 0.0
12 07:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC005 21.5 20.5 94% 75.74 0.0
12 07:15 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist OVC005 21.3 20.4 95% 75.72 0.0
12 06:55 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC005 21 20.1 21.6 20.2 95% 75.69 0.0
12 06:35 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC007 20.8 19.9 95% 75.72 0.0
12 06:15 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist SCT007 20.5 19.5 94% 75.72 0.0
12 05:55 Calm 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT007 20.6 19.6 94% 75.72 0.0
12 05:35 E 6 8.05 Fog/Mist SCT007 20.5 19.6 95% 75.77 0.0
12 05:15 Calm 6.44 Fog/Mist CLR 20.3 19.4 95% 75.77 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)