Weather observations for the past three days for
Bay Bridge Field
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (edt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
03 07:55 Calm 16.09 Overcast BKN008 OVC022 24.1 23 24.3 23.4 94% 23 76.4 0.0
03 07:35 SE 9 16.09 Overcast BKN008 OVC020 24.1 23 94% 23 76.35 0.0
03 07:15 E 9 11.27 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT008 OVC020 23.8 23.1 96% 76.35 0.0
03 06:55 NE 7 11.27 Overcast SCT006 OVC018 23.7 23.1 96% 76.35 0.0
03 06:35 N 9 11.27 Overcast BKN004 OVC018 23.5 23.1 98% 76.33 0.0
03 06:15 SE 11 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN004 23.5 23 97% 76.23 0.0
03 05:55 SE 11 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN004 BKN023 BKN070 23.5 23 97% 76.25 0.0
03 05:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT006 BKN025 OVC070 23.6 22.9 96% 76.28 0.0
03 05:15 E 6 16.09 Overcast SCT006 OVC025 23.8 23 95% 76.28 0.0
03 04:55 E 7 16.09 Overcast SCT006 OVC025 23.8 23.1 96% 76.28 0.0
03 04:35 E 7 16.09 Overcast BKN025 OVC060 24 23.2 95% 23 76.28 0.0
03 04:15 SE 6 16.09 Overcast SCT009 SCT017 OVC027 24.2 23.3 95% 24 76.28 0.0
03 03:55 E 7 8.05 Fog/Mist BKN009 BKN018 OVC027 24 23.2 95% 23 76.3 0.0
03 03:35 NE 6 16.09 Overcast SCT009 BKN025 OVC070 24.1 23.2 95% 23 76.3 0.0
03 03:15 S 6 16.09 Overcast SCT011 BKN070 OVC090 24.1 23.2 95% 23 76.28 0.0
03 02:55 S 11 16.09 Overcast BKN007 BKN011 OVC070 24.1 23.1 94% 23 76.25 0.0
03 02:35 S 7 16.09 Overcast BKN007 OVC070 24.1 23.2 95% 23 76.25 0.0
03 02:15 S 13 16.09 Overcast BKN009 OVC070 24 23.1 95% 23 76.25 0.0
03 01:55 S 11 16.09 Overcast OVC009 23.8 23.1 23.8 22.1 96% 76.25 0.0
03 01:35 SE 9 11.27 Mostly Cloudy BKN007 BKN075 BKN100 23.6 23 96% 76.28 0.0
03 01:15 E 7 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT007 23.3 22.7 96% 76.3 0.0
03 00:55 E 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT007 SCT011 23.4 22.8 96% 76.28 0.0
03 00:35 SE 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT009 SCT085 23.5 22.7 95% 76.3 0.0
03 00:15 E 7 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT009 OVC075 23.2 22.6 96% 76.33 0.0
02 23:55 E 7 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT075 BKN085 BKN110 23.3 22.6 96% 76.33 0.0
02 23:35 SE 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT075 SCT100 23.4 22.5 95% 76.33 0.0
02 23:15 SE 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT070 BKN085 BKN120 23.5 22.5 94% 76.33 0.0
02 22:55 E 7 16.09 Overcast BKN095 OVC120 23.4 22.4 94% 76.33 0.0
02 22:35 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN095 23.5 22.4 94% 76.35 0.0
02 22:15 SE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 22.2 21.8 98% 76.33 0.0
02 21:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.3 21.7 96% 76.33 0.0
02 21:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.5 21.9 96% 76.33 0.0
02 21:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT011 22.9 22.1 95% 76.33 0.0
02 20:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT011 22.6 21.6 94% 76.33 0.0
02 20:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.3 21.5 95% 76.3 0.0
02 20:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT017 22.7 21.6 94% 76.33 0.0
02 19:55 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT017 22.6 21.8 25.1 22.1 95% 76.3 0.0 0.08
02 19:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.1 21.6 91% 76.33 0.0
02 19:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.7 21.9 90% 76.33 0.0
02 18:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 21.9 84% 25 76.33 0.0
02 18:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 24.8 21.5 82% 25 76.3 0.0
02 18:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 21.8 82% 26 76.3 0.0
02 17:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT017 24.4 21.7 85% 25 76.35 0.0
02 17:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC017 24 21.6 87% 24 76.38 0.0
02 17:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT017 24 21.5 86% 24 76.35 0.0
02 16:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.8 21.8 89% 76.35 0.0 0.08
02 16:35 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 22.3 90% 24 76.33 0.0
02 16:15 SW 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT017 24 22.3 90% 24 76.35 0.0
02 15:55 SW 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN017 23.9 22.4 91% 23 76.35 0.0 0.03
02 15:35 SW 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT012 BKN019 23.4 22.4 94% 76.33 0.0 0.03
02 15:15 SW 7 16.09 Light Rain BKN014 BKN036 OVC070 22.9 22.1 95% 76.35 0.0 0.03
02 14:55 SW 11 16.09 Light Rain SCT029 SCT050 BKN070 23.2 22.5 96% 76.35 0.0 0.05
02 14:35 Calm 16.09 Rain SCT120 22.2 21.4 95% 76.4 0.0 0.05
02 14:15 N 9 16.09 Light Rain SCT050 SCT070 BKN100 22.3 21.1 93% 76.45 0.0 0.03
02 13:55 N 11 G 28 8.05 Heavy Rain Fog/Mist SCT023 BKN060 OVC070 22.5 21.2 29.2 22.3 92% 76.53 0.0 0.03 0.03
02 13:35 N 30 G 61 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN023 BKN038 OVC049 25.7 20.9 75% 27 76.61 0.0
02 13:15 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC023 28.7 22.9 71% 32 76.45 0.0
02 12:55 NE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC021 29 23.1 71% 33 76.43 0.0
02 12:35 E 6 16.09 Overcast OVC021 28.6 22.9 71% 32 76.43 0.0
02 12:15 E 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN019 28.5 23 72% 32 76.4 0.0
02 11:55 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT019 28.8 22.6 69% 32 76.4 0.0
02 11:35 E 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT016 28.2 22.7 72% 31 76.4 0.0
02 11:15 E 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT016 27.8 22.5 73% 31 76.43 0.0
02 10:55 E 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT014 27.4 22.4 74% 30 76.43 0.0
02 10:35 NE 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT012 26.8 22.6 78% 29 76.43 0.0
02 10:15 E 17 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT008 26.2 22.1 78% 28 76.4 0.0
02 09:55 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC008 24.7 22.1 86% 25 76.4 0.0
02 09:35 E 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN010 24.6 22 86% 25 76.43 0.0
02 09:15 E 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT010 25.2 22.1 83% 26 76.4 0.0
02 08:55 NE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 25.8 22.3 81% 27 76.4 0.0
02 08:35 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 22.3 85% 26 76.38 0.0
02 08:15 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN007 24.4 22.3 88% 24 76.35 0.0
02 07:55 E 15 16.09 Overcast OVC007 24.1 22.5 24.7 22.4 91% 24 76.35 0.0
02 07:35 E 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT007 24.5 22.7 90% 25 76.35 0.0
02 07:15 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.6 22.4 88% 25 76.35 0.0
02 06:55 NE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.3 22.3 89% 24 76.35 0.0
02 06:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 23.7 22 90% 76.33 0.0
02 06:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.1 21.5 91% 76.3 0.0
02 05:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.7 21.6 88% 76.3 0.0
02 05:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 21.6 89% 76.33 0.0
02 05:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 21.4 89% 76.3 0.0
02 04:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 21.5 89% 76.3 0.0
02 04:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 22.6 21.4 93% 76.3 0.0
02 04:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 21.4 89% 76.3 0.0
02 03:55 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.4 21.4 89% 76.3 0.0
02 03:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 21.3 89% 76.28 0.0
02 03:15 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR 24.2 21.3 84% 24 76.28 0.0
02 02:55 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.4 21.2 82% 25 76.25 0.0
02 02:35 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.4 21 81% 25 76.25 0.0
02 02:15 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 20.6 79% 25 76.25 0.0
02 01:55 E 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT038 24.7 20.6 30.8 24.6 78% 25 76.25 0.0
02 01:35 E 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN038 BKN070 25.2 20.6 76% 26 76.28 0.0
02 01:15 NE 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 25.6 20.7 74% 27 76.25 0.0
02 00:55 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 26.4 20.7 71% 28 76.2 0.0
02 00:35 SE 7 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT065 26.5 20.6 70% 28 76.23 0.0
02 00:15 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN070 BKN075 26.8 20.8 70% 29 76.23 0.0
01 23:55 E 11 16.09 Overcast OVC070 27.9 22.1 71% 31 76.23 0.0
01 23:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC070 28.2 23.7 77% 32 76.17 0.0
01 23:15 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC070 28.8 23.5 73% 33 76.17 0.0
01 22:55 SW 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN070 30.2 23.4 67% 35 76.15 0.0
01 22:35 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR 29.6 24.3 73% 35 76.12 0.0
01 22:15 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 29.9 23.9 70% 35 76.12 0.0
01 21:55 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 30 24.2 71% 35 76.12 0.0
01 21:35 SW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 29.9 24.2 72% 35 76.07 0.0
01 21:15 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 29.8 24.4 73% 35 76.05 0.0
01 20:55 S 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT070 30.1 24.6 72% 36 76.07 0.0
01 20:35 SW 13 11.27 Fair CLR 30.6 24 68% 36 76.05 0.0
01 20:15 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 30.6 24 68% 36 75.97 0.0
01 19:55 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 30.7 24.1 35.3 30.7 68% 36 76 0.0
01 19:35 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 30.8 24.2 68% 36 76.02 0.0
01 19:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 31.1 24.3 67% 37 76.02 0.0
01 18:55 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 31.5 24.5 66% 38 76.02 0.0
01 18:35 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 32.2 24.3 63% 39 76.02 0.0
01 18:15 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 32.8 24.1 60% 39 76.02 0.0
01 17:55 S 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT080 33 24.2 60% 39 76.05 0.0
01 17:35 S 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT080 SCT090 33.6 24.3 58% 40 76.05 0.0
01 17:15 S 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT080 34.4 24.3 56% 41 76.05 0.0
01 16:55 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 34.7 24.9 57% 43 76.07 0.0
01 16:35 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 35.1 24.1 53% 42 76.07 0.0
01 16:15 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 34.6 23.6 53% 41 76.07 0.0
01 15:55 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 34.2 23 52% 40 76.1 0.0
01 15:35 NW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 34 22.6 51% 39 76.12 0.0
01 15:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 34.5 22.6 50% 39 76.12 0.0
01 14:55 W 6 16.09 Fair CLR 33.8 22.2 51% 38 76.15 0.0
01 14:35 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 34.2 22.6 51% 39 76.15 0.0
01 14:15 S 7 11.27 Fair CLR 34.1 24.3 57% 41 76.15 0.0
01 13:55 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 33.5 24.4 34 27.1 59% 40 76.15 0.0
01 13:35 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 33 23.3 57% 38 76.15 0.0
01 13:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT050 SCT055 32.7 22.7 56% 37 76.17 0.0
01 12:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT055 32.9 22.7 55% 38 76.17 0.0
01 12:35 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR 33 22.3 53% 37 76.2 0.0
01 12:15 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR 33.1 22.7 54% 38 76.2 0.0
01 11:55 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 32.7 22.8 56% 37 76.23 0.0
01 11:35 W 9 16.09 Fair CLR 32 23.2 60% 37 76.23 0.0
01 11:15 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 31.7 23.4 61% 37 76.25 0.0
01 10:55 SW 11 8.05 Fair with Haze CLR 30.4 23.4 66% 35 76.25 0.0
01 10:35 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 30.4 23.2 65% 35 76.25 0.0
01 10:15 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 30.5 23.3 65% 35 76.25 0.0
01 09:55 SW 13 16.09 Fair CLR 29.3 22.8 68% 33 76.25 0.0
01 09:35 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 29.4 23.2 69% 33 76.25 0.0
01 09:15 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 28.3 23.6 76% 32 76.28 0.0
01 08:55 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR 27.9 23.3 76% 31 76.28 0.0
01 08:35 SW 9 11.27 Fair CLR 27.6 23.4 78% 31 76.28 0.0
01 08:15 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 27.4 23.5 79% 31 76.28 0.0
01 07:55 SW 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 27.2 23.7 27.2 24.6 81% 30 76.28 0.0
01 07:35 S 6 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 26.7 23.6 83% 29 76.28 0.0
01 07:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 23.5 88% 27 76.28 0.0
01 06:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25.2 23.3 89% 26 76.28 0.0
01 06:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25 23.3 90% 26 76.28 0.0
01 06:15 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.3 23.2 88% 26 76.23 0.0
01 05:55 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 23.3 88% 27 76.23 0.0
01 05:35 SW 6 11.27 Fair CLR 25.1 23.3 90% 26 76.28 0.0
01 05:15 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 23.4 90% 26 76.25 0.0
01 04:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 23.5 91% 26 76.28 0.0
01 04:35 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 23.6 91% 26 76.25 0.0
01 04:15 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.3 23.8 91% 26 76.25 0.0
01 03:55 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 24 91% 27 76.28 0.0
01 03:35 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 24 90% 27 76.28 0.0
01 03:15 SW 9 16.09 Fair CLR 25.8 24.2 91% 28 76.3 0.0
01 02:55 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.8 24.5 93% 28 76.3 0.0
01 02:35 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 24.2 93% 27 76.3 0.0
01 02:15 Calm 11.27 Fair CLR 25.6 24.3 93% 27 76.3 0.0
01 01:55 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 24.3 26.9 24.9 92% 27 76.3 0.0
01 01:35 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25.6 24.1 91% 27 76.33 0.0
01 01:15 S 7 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT008 SCT120 25.6 23.9 90% 27 76.35 0.0
01 00:55 S 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 25.4 23.7 90% 27 76.35 0.0
01 00:35 S 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT100 25.5 23.6 89% 27 76.38 0.0
01 00:15 Calm 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 25.6 23.4 88% 27 76.38 0.0
31 23:55 SE 6 16.09 Overcast OVC100 25.2 23.2 89% 26 76.38 0.0
31 23:35 Calm 16.09 Overcast OVC100 25.4 23 87% 27 76.38 0.0
31 23:15 SW 6 16.09 Overcast OVC100 26 23.2 85% 28 76.35 0.0
31 22:55 Calm 11.27 Partly Cloudy SCT100 25.9 23.3 86% 28 76.35 0.0
31 22:35 S 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 26 23.3 85% 28 76.35 0.0
31 22:15 S 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 26 23.3 85% 28 76.38 0.0
31 21:55 S 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 26 23.2 85% 28 76.35 0.0
31 21:35 S 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 26.1 22.9 83% 28 76.35 0.0
31 21:15 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 26.4 23 82% 29 76.38 0.0
31 20:55 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 23 81% 29 76.35 0.0
31 20:35 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 23.1 82% 29 76.35 0.0
31 20:15 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 26.8 23.3 81% 29 76.35 0.0
31 19:35 NE 6 16.09 Fair CLR 26.8 23 80% 29 76.35 0.0
31 19:15 E 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 27.1 23 78% 30 76.35 0.0
31 18:55 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 27.1 22.8 77% 30 76.38 0.0
31 18:35 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 27.3 22.7 76% 30 76.38 0.0
31 18:15 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 27.6 22.8 75% 31 76.4 0.0
31 17:55 N 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 27.7 23 76% 31 76.4 0.0
31 17:35 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 27.8 22.6 73% 31 76.4 0.0
31 17:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 29.1 22.9 69% 33 76.4 0.0
31 16:55 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR 28.2 23 73% 32 76.38 0.0
31 16:35 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 29 23.1 71% 33 76.38 0.0
31 16:15 NW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 28.7 23 71% 32 76.38 0.0
31 15:55 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 28.3 22.8 72% 32 76.38 0.0
31 15:35 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 28.1 22.9 73% 31 76.4 0.0
31 15:15 N 7 16.09 Fair CLR 27.4 22.8 76% 30 76.43 0.0
31 14:55 N 6 16.09 Fair CLR 28.2 22.7 72% 31 76.43 0.0
31 14:35 N 9 16.09 Fair CLR 27.6 22.6 74% 30 76.45 0.0
31 14:15 N 11 16.09 Fair CLR 28.9 23.2 71% 33 76.45 0.0
31 13:55 NW 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT025 SCT110 28.2 22.9 30.1 25 73% 31 76.45 0.0
31 13:35 NW 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT025 BKN110 28 22.8 73% 31 76.45 0.0
31 13:15 NW 11 16.09 Overcast BKN025 OVC110 28 22.9 74% 31 76.48 0.0
31 12:55 NW 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN027 BKN110 28.1 22.7 73% 31 76.48 0.0
31 12:35 NE 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT025 SCT100 29 22.5 68% 32 76.48 0.0
31 12:15 E 7 11.27 Mostly Cloudy SCT025 BKN100 28.5 22.5 70% 32 76.48 0.0
31 11:55 E 9 16.09 Overcast SCT020 OVC100 28.1 22.5 72% 31 76.48 0.0
31 11:35 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT020 OVC100 27.9 22.5 73% 31 76.48 0.0
31 11:15 E 13 16.09 Overcast BKN018 OVC100 27.6 22.7 75% 30 76.48 0.0
31 10:55 NE 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN018 BKN100 27.8 22.8 74% 31 76.5 0.0
31 10:35 E 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN016 26.6 22.6 79% 29 76.48 0.0
31 10:15 NE 13 16.09 Overcast OVC014 26.4 22.8 81% 28 76.5 0.0
31 09:55 E 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN012 BKN100 26.4 22.9 81% 29 76.48 0.0
31 09:35 E 13 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT010 SCT100 26.1 23 83% 28 76.48 0.0
31 09:15 E 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT009 BKN100 25.5 22.9 86% 27 76.48 0.0
31 08:55 E 9 16.09 Mostly Cloudy SCT009 BKN100 25.4 23.2 88% 27 76.48 0.0
31 08:35 E 9 16.09 Overcast OVC100 25.1 23.1 89% 26 76.48 0.0
31 08:15 E 13 16.09 Overcast SCT009 OVC100 25 23 89% 26 76.48 0.0
Date Time (edt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)