National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Woodward, West Woodward Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
13 10:30 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 24.6 21 80% 25 76.33 0.0
13 10:10 SE 19 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 20.6 78% 25 76.33 0.0
13 09:50 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 24.7 20.5 78% 25 76.33 0.0 0.13 0.15
13 09:30 SE 9 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT034 SCT041 SCT050 24 19.6 77% 25 76.38 0.0 0.13
13 09:10 E 6 8.05 Heavy Rain SCT040 BKN050 OVC120 23.9 19.5 76% 24 76.4 0.0 0.13
13 08:50 SE 13 16.09 Thunderstorm BKN120 24.2 19.5 75% 25 76.43 0.0
13 08:30 S 20 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN120 23.5 19 76% 76.38 0.0
13 08:10 SE 17 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT060 SCT080 BKN110 23.5 18.5 74% 76.33 0.0
13 07:50 SE 19 16.09 Thunderstorm Light Rain SCT050 SCT070 OVC110 23.6 18.9 75% 76.33 0.0 0.03
13 07:30 S 19 16.09 Thunderstorm Light Rain in Vicinity SCT047 SCT060 BKN110 22.8 18.3 76% 76.35 0.0 0.03
13 07:10 SE 19 16.09 Thunderstorm Light Rain in Vicinity SCT060 SCT090 OVC110 22.6 18.1 76% 76.38 0.0 0.03
13 06:50 E 19 11.27 Thunderstorm Light Rain in Vicinity SCT032 SCT055 OVC120 22.3 17.3 25.2 22.1 73% 76.33 0.0 0.64 1.3
13 06:30 E 19 16.09 Thunderstorm Rain in Vicinity SCT035 BKN050 OVC090 22.9 17.6 72% 76.3 0.0 0.51
13 06:10 E 6 4.02 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain SCT023 BKN050 OVC090 23.5 19.6 79% 76.38 0.0 0.33
13 05:50 NE 15 8.05 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain SCT025 BKN090 OVC110 23.6 19.5 78% 76.33 0.0 0.53
13 05:30 NE 15 16.09 Thunderstorm Light Rain SCT028 SCT038 OVC110 23.2 19.5 80% 76.28 0.0 0.38
13 05:10 SE 24 G 39 4.83 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain SCT030 BKN055 OVC110 23.1 19.3 79% 76.23 0.0 0.3
13 04:50 E 11 16.09 Thunderstorm OVC110 24.2 18.6 71% 25 76.33 0.0
13 04:30 NE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC110 23 18.2 74% 76.25 0.0
13 04:10 NE 19 16.09 Overcast OVC120 23.1 17.8 72% 76.25 0.0
13 03:50 NE 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 23.8 17.3 67% 76.23 0.0
13 03:30 E 15 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT120 24 17 65% 25 76.17 0.0
13 03:10 E 7 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 24.8 16.6 60% 26 76.2 0.0
13 02:50 SE 15 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 25.2 16.2 58% 26 76.2 0.0
13 02:30 SE 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 24.6 16.7 62% 26 76.2 0.0
13 02:10 S 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN120 24 17 65% 25 76.2 0.0
13 01:50 SE 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 24 16.8 64% 25 76.2 0.0
13 01:30 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 16.6 63% 25 76.17 0.0
13 01:10 SE 24 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 24.2 16.4 62% 25 76.15 0.0
13 00:50 SE 30 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 24.2 16.1 26.8 22.4 61% 25 76.12 0.0 0.05
13 00:30 SE 20 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 24 16.4 63% 25 76.23 0.0
13 00:10 SE 26 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 16.7 63% 25 76.2 0.0
12 23:50 SE 30 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 17 65% 25 76.25 0.0
12 23:30 SE 31 16.09 Fair CLR 24.5 16.1 60% 26 76.23 0.0
12 23:10 SE 43 G 56 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 25.1 16.2 58% 26 76.17 0.0
12 22:50 SE 56 G 61 16.09 Light Drizzle and Windy SCT080 BKN110 24.3 16.2 61% 25 76.15 0.0
12 22:30 SE 59 G 87 16.09 Rain and Windy NULL 25 16.2 58% 26 76.1 0.0
12 22:10 SE 44 G 59 16.09 Light Rain and Windy SCT065 BKN095 OVC110 23.9 16.6 64% 25 76.25 0.0 0.03
12 21:50 S 35 G 52 16.09 Thunderstorm Light Rain and Breezy SCT075 SCT085 BKN110 23.2 17.8 72% 76.33 0.0 0.05
12 21:30 S 46 G 59 16.09 Light Rain and Windy SCT110 24.5 17.8 66% 26 76.28 0.0
12 21:10 S 22 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity CLR 24.8 16.9 62% 26 76.2 0.0
12 20:50 S 19 16.09 Thunderstorm Light Rain in Vicinity SCT110 23.4 18.8 75% 76.12 0.0 0.05
12 20:30 SE 19 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity SCT050 SCT070 BKN100 23.7 18.4 72% 76.02 0.0 0.05
12 20:10 E 17 16.09 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain SCT050 SCT070 BKN110 24.1 18.1 69% 25 76.02 0.0 0.03
12 19:50 E 37 G 48 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity and Breezy CLR 24.4 18.3 69% 25 75.92 0.0
12 19:30 E 41 G 54 16.09 Thunderstorm and Breezy SCT100 23.6 18.6 74% 75.9 0.0
12 19:10 E 31 G 59 16.09 Thunderstorm Light Rain in Vicinity SCT020 SCT034 SCT055 26.3 18 60% 27 75.95 0.0
12 18:50 E 20 G 43 3.22 Thunderstorm Heavy Rain SCT019 BKN034 OVC110 26.9 17.1 40 26.9 55% 28 75.97 0.0 0.3 0.3
12 18:30 N 24 16.09 Thunderstorm BKN110 29.9 16.1 43% 30 75.9 0.0
12 18:10 NE 20 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 31.6 15.7 38% 31 75.9 0.0
12 17:50 E 17 G 26 16.09 Thunderstorm SCT110 32.3 14 33% 32 75.84 0.0
12 17:30 E 13 G 19 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 32.5 14.6 34% 32 75.84 0.0
12 17:10 E 20 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 33.1 14.2 32% 32 75.84 0.0
12 16:50 E 22 G 28 16.09 Thunderstorm in Vicinity BKN100 34.2 13.8 29% 33 75.84 0.0
12 16:30 E 24 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT100 35.2 14.3 28% 35 75.87 0.0
12 16:10 SE 28 16.09 Thunderstorm SCT100 37.7 12.5 22% 37 75.87 0.0
12 15:50 S 20 G 39 16.09 Thunderstorm SCT100 37.1 12.3 22% 36 75.9 0.0
12 15:30 S 19 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT100 SCT120 39.6 12.7 20% 39 75.9 0.0
12 15:10 SW 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN100 BKN120 38.7 13.4 22% 38 75.92 0.0
12 14:50 E 11 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN090 38.4 14.5 24% 38 75.95 0.0
12 14:30 E 11 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT090 38.7 13.4 22% 38 75.97 0.0
12 14:10 E 6 16.09 Fair CLR 38.6 13.7 23% 38 76 0.0
12 13:50 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 38.4 13.9 23% 38 76.02 0.0
12 13:30 SW 6 16.09 Fair CLR 38.2 14.3 24% 38 76.02 0.0
12 13:10 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 37.1 14.1 25% 37 76.05 0.0
12 12:50 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 37 14.4 37.1 23 26% 37 76.05 0.0
12 12:30 SW 15 16.09 Fair CLR 36.7 14.5 26% 36 76.05 0.0
12 12:10 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 36.1 14.9 28% 36 76.07 0.0
12 11:50 SW 7 16.09 Fair CLR 35.5 15.5 30% 35 76.07 0.0
12 11:30 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 34 15.6 33% 34 76.07 0.0
12 11:10 W 7 16.09 Fair CLR 33.7 15.5 33% 34 76.07 0.0
12 10:50 SW 11 16.09 Fair CLR 33.4 15.2 33% 33 76.07 0.0
12 10:30 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 32.9 15.3 35% 33 76.02 0.0
12 10:10 S 13 16.09 Fair CLR 31.7 15.9 39% 32 76.02 0.0
12 09:50 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 30.5 16.3 42% 31 76.02 0.0
12 09:30 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 29.5 16.4 45% 30 76 0.0
12 09:10 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 28.8 16.6 48% 29 76 0.0
12 08:50 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27.9 16.9 51% 28 75.97 0.0
12 08:30 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 17.2 57% 27 75.97 0.0
12 08:10 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 24.8 17.3 63% 26 75.97 0.0
12 07:50 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 17 68% 75.95 0.0
12 07:30 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 23.1 16.8 68% 75.9 0.0
12 07:10 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 16.7 67% 75.9 0.0
12 06:50 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.7 16.8 27.5 22.8 65% 75.87 0.0
12 06:30 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.6 16.7 65% 75.87 0.0
12 06:10 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23 16.5 67% 75.87 0.0
12 05:50 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 16.2 64% 75.87 0.0
12 05:30 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 24.1 16.2 61% 25 75.87 0.0
12 05:10 S 7 16.09 Fair CLR 24.3 16 60% 25 75.87 0.0
12 04:50 S 6 16.09 Fair CLR 25 16.1 58% 26 75.87 0.0
12 04:30 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 16 55% 26 75.84 0.0
12 03:50 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 25.7 16 55% 26 75.84 0.0
12 03:30 S 9 16.09 Fair CLR 26.2 15.9 53% 27 75.84 0.0
12 03:10 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 26.7 15.6 51% 27 75.84 0.0
12 02:30 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 15.6 51% 27 75.84 0.0
12 02:10 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 27.2 15.5 49% 28 75.87 0.0
12 01:50 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 26.7 15.3 50% 27 75.9 0.0
12 01:30 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 27 15.2 48% 27 75.87 0.0
12 01:10 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 27 15.3 49% 27 75.84 0.0
12 00:50 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 27 15.5 34 26.6 49% 27 75.84 0.0
12 00:30 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 26.7 15.5 50% 27 75.84 0.0
12 00:10 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 27 15.5 49% 27 75.84 0.0
11 23:50 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 27.3 15.5 49% 28 75.84 0.0
11 23:30 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 28.1 15.4 46% 28 75.84 0.0
11 23:10 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27.9 15.5 47% 28 75.84 0.0
11 22:50 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 28.2 15.5 46% 28 75.84 0.0
11 22:30 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 28.5 15.6 46% 29 75.84 0.0
11 22:10 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 28.9 15.6 44% 29 75.84 0.0
11 21:50 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 28.7 15.7 45% 29 75.84 0.0
11 21:30 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 29 15.7 44% 29 75.82 0.0
11 21:10 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 29 15.7 44% 29 75.79 0.0
11 20:50 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 29.3 15.6 43% 29 75.77 0.0
11 20:30 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 29.6 15.5 42% 30 75.74 0.0
11 20:10 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 29.6 15.5 42% 30 75.72 0.0
11 19:50 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 31.1 15.1 38% 31 75.72 0.0
11 19:30 S 11 16.09 Fair CLR 32.6 14.7 34% 32 75.72 0.0
11 19:10 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 33.6 14.5 32% 33 75.72 0.0
11 18:50 S 17 16.09 Fair CLR 34.3 14.3 35.8 31.5 30% 34 75.72 0.0
11 18:30 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 35 14.5 29% 34 75.69 0.0
11 18:10 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 35 14.5 29% 34 75.69 0.0
11 17:50 S 17 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 35.5 15.1 29% 35 75.69 0.0
11 17:30 S 20 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 35.7 15 29% 35 75.69 0.0
11 17:10 S 17 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 35.5 15.1 29% 35 75.72 0.0
11 16:50 S 20 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 35.3 15.1 30% 35 75.74 0.0
11 16:30 S 24 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 35.4 15.2 30% 35 75.77 0.0
11 16:10 S 15 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 35.5 15.2 30% 35 75.77 0.0
11 15:50 S 19 G 28 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT065 35.3 15.5 31% 35 75.79 0.0
11 15:30 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 35 15.5 31% 35 75.82 0.0
11 15:10 S 17 G 30 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT060 34.6 15.5 32% 34 75.84 0.0
11 14:50 S 19 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 34.4 15.4 32% 34 75.87 0.0
11 14:30 S 20 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 34.1 15.3 32% 34 75.9 0.0
11 14:10 S 22 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 33.9 15.2 32% 34 75.9 0.0
11 13:50 S 17 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 33.5 15.1 33% 33 75.95 0.0
11 13:30 S 17 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 33 15.5 35% 33 75.97 0.0
11 13:10 S 17 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 31.9 16.3 39% 32 76.02 0.0
11 12:50 SE 19 16.09 Fair CLR 31.1 16.7 31.1 19.6 42% 31 76.05 0.0
11 12:30 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 30.2 17.4 46% 31 76.07 0.0
11 12:10 SE 20 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 29.5 18 50% 30 76.1 0.0
11 11:50 S 15 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 28.2 18.3 55% 29 76.15 0.0
11 11:30 S 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27.1 18.6 60% 28 76.17 0.0
11 11:10 S 15 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT013 26.3 18.8 63% 27 76.2 0.0
11 10:50 S 17 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN011 25.5 18.8 67% 27 76.2 0.0
11 10:30 S 13 16.09 Overcast OVC011 24.1 18.9 73% 25 76.2 0.0
11 10:10 S 11 16.09 Overcast OVC009 23.2 18.9 77% 76.23 0.0
11 09:50 S 13 16.09 Overcast OVC007 22.8 19 79% 76.2 0.0
11 09:30 S 13 16.09 Overcast OVC007 22.2 18.8 81% 76.23 0.0
11 09:10 S 13 11.27 Overcast OVC007 22 18.7 82% 76.23 0.0
11 08:50 S 15 8.05 Fog/Mist OVC003 21.1 18.8 87% 76.2 0.0
11 08:30 S 11 4.83 Fog/Mist OVC003 20.5 18.7 89% 76.2 0.0
11 08:10 S 9 4.02 Fog/Mist OVC003 20.4 18.6 89% 76.23 0.0
11 07:50 S 9 2.82 Fog/Mist OVC003 20 18.4 91% 76.2 0.0
11 07:30 S 13 4.02 Fog/Mist BKN003 20 18.1 89% 76.2 0.0
11 07:10 S 7 4.83 Fog/Mist CLR 19.6 17.7 89% 76.2 0.0
11 06:50 S 6 11.27 Fair CLR 19.6 17.6 22.3 19.6 88% 76.2 0.0
11 06:30 S 6 11.27 Fair CLR 20 17.8 87% 76.2 0.0
11 06:10 Calm 16.09 Fair CLR 20 17.8 87% 76.2 0.0
11 05:50 Calm 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT031 19.8 17.5 87% 76.2 0.0
11 05:30 S 6 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT031 20 17.6 86% 76.23 0.0
11 05:10 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 20 17.5 86% 76.23 0.0
11 04:50 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.2 17.5 85% 76.2 0.0
11 04:30 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.3 17.6 85% 76.2 0.0
11 04:10 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 20.3 17.7 85% 76.23 0.0
11 03:50 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 20.5 17.9 85% 76.23 0.0
11 03:30 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 20.7 18 85% 76.23 0.0
11 03:10 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 20.8 18.1 85% 76.23 0.0
11 02:50 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 21 18.1 84% 76.25 0.0
11 02:30 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 21 18.2 84% 76.25 0.0
11 02:10 SE 7 16.09 Fair CLR 21.3 18.4 84% 76.25 0.0
11 01:50 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 21.5 18.5 83% 76.25 0.0
11 01:30 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 21.7 18.5 82% 76.28 0.0
11 01:10 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 22 18.5 81% 76.28 0.0
11 00:50 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 22.5 18.6 29.5 22.5 79% 76.3 0.0
11 00:30 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 22.5 18.5 78% 76.3 0.0
11 00:10 SE 13 16.09 Fair CLR 22.5 18.5 78% 76.3 0.0
10 23:50 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 22.8 18.5 77% 76.33 0.0
10 23:30 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 23.1 18.5 75% 76.33 0.0
10 23:10 SE 15 16.09 Fair CLR 23.3 18.6 75% 76.33 0.0
10 22:50 SE 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.5 18.7 75% 76.33 0.0
10 22:30 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 23.9 19 74% 25 76.33 0.0
10 22:10 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR 24.3 19.1 73% 25 76.33 0.0
10 21:50 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 24.6 19 71% 26 76.33 0.0
10 21:30 E 13 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 18.8 68% 26 76.3 0.0
10 21:10 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 18.3 64% 27 76.28 0.0
10 20:50 SE 9 16.09 Fair CLR 26 18.1 62% 27 76.28 0.0
10 20:30 E 9 16.09 Fair CLR 26.5 18 60% 27 76.25 0.0
10 20:10 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 26.8 17.5 57% 28 76.25 0.0
10 19:50 E 15 16.09 Fair CLR 27.5 17.4 54% 28 76.23 0.0
10 19:30 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 28.3 16.6 49% 29 76.23 0.0
10 19:10 E 17 16.09 Fair CLR 29.1 16.1 45% 29 76.23 0.0
10 18:50 SE 17 16.09 Fair CLR 29.6 16.2 32.1 29 44% 30 76.23 0.0
10 18:30 SE 19 16.09 Fair CLR 30.5 15.7 41% 30 76.23 0.0
10 18:10 E 17 16.09 Fair CLR 30.8 15.7 40% 31 76.23 0.0
10 17:50 E 20 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 31.1 15.8 40% 31 76.23 0.0
10 17:30 E 15 G 28 16.09 Fair CLR 31.3 14.4 36% 31 76.23 0.0
10 17:10 E 7 16.09 Fair CLR 31.6 15.4 38% 31 76.25 0.0
10 16:50 E 17 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 31.8 15 36% 31 76.25 0.0
10 16:30 E 9 G 15 16.09 Fair CLR 31.5 15.4 38% 31 76.25 0.0
10 16:10 E 11 16.09 Fair CLR 30.8 15.3 39% 31 76.25 0.0
10 15:50 E 19 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 30.8 15.5 40% 31 76.28 0.0
10 15:30 E 19 16.09 Fair CLR 30.7 15.1 39% 30 76.28 0.0
10 15:10 E 19 16.09 Fair CLR 30.5 15.2 39% 30 76.3 0.0
10 14:50 E 19 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 30.4 15.3 40% 30 76.33 0.0
10 14:10 E 19 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 30.3 16 42% 30 76.38 0.0
10 13:50 E 28 G 37 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 30.7 15.6 40% 31 76.4 0.0
10 13:30 E 26 G 39 16.09 Mostly Cloudy BKN110 30.5 15.1 39% 30 76.43 0.0
10 13:10 E 24 16.09 Fair CLR 30.2 14 37% 30 76.43 0.0
10 12:50 SE 26 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 29.7 14.9 29.7 22.5 41% 29 76.43 0.0
10 12:30 SE 24 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 27.7 15.2 47% 28 76.45 0.0
10 12:10 SE 31 16.09 Fair CLR 26.7 14.8 48% 27 76.45 0.0
10 11:50 SE 26 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 26.1 15.1 51% 27 76.45 0.0
10 11:30 SE 28 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 26 15.3 52% 27 76.45 0.0
10 11:10 E 20 G 33 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT120 25.4 15.5 54% 26 76.5 0.0
10 10:50 E 24 16.09 Partly Cloudy SCT110 25.2 15.7 56% 26 76.53 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)