National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Weather observations for the past three days for
Woodward, West Woodward Airport
Metric (Imperial)
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Temperature (ºC) Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) Pressure Precipitation (cm)
Air Dwpt 6 hour altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
Max. Min.
31 09:15 S 31 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 10.1 53% 75.72 0.0
31 08:55 S 35 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.1 10.1 53% 75.72 0.0
31 08:35 SW 28 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 19.2 10.1 56% 75.72 0.0
31 08:15 S 28 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 19.1 10 56% 75.72 0.0
31 07:55 S 31 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 19.3 10 55% 75.69 0.0
31 07:35 SW 30 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 19.3 10 55% 75.67 0.0
31 07:15 S 35 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 19.5 9.9 54% 75.67 0.0
31 06:55 S 33 G 43 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 19.7 10 24.7 19.7 54% 75.67 0.0
31 06:35 S 33 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 19.9 9.8 52% 75.64 0.0
31 06:15 S 31 G 48 16.09 Fair CLR 20.1 9.8 52% 75.64 0.0
31 05:55 S 33 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.2 9.8 51% 75.64 0.0
31 05:35 S 33 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.6 9.7 50% 75.64 0.0
31 05:15 S 35 G 43 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.6 9.7 50% 75.64 0.0
31 04:55 S 31 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 21 9.6 48% 75.67 0.0
31 04:35 S 35 G 54 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 21.4 9.5 47% 75.67 0.0
31 04:15 S 37 G 52 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 22 9.5 45% 75.67 0.0
31 03:55 S 41 G 56 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 22.2 9.5 45% 75.64 0.0
31 03:35 S 44 G 59 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 22.5 9.3 43% 75.64 0.0
31 03:15 S 48 G 59 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 22.9 9.3 42% 75.67 0.0
31 02:55 S 46 G 63 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 23.3 9.4 41% 75.67 0.0
31 02:35 S 46 G 69 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 23.6 9.5 41% 75.67 0.0
31 02:15 S 43 G 61 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 23.6 9.7 41% 75.69 0.0
31 01:55 S 50 G 67 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 23.8 9.6 41% 75.69 0.0
31 01:35 S 46 G 67 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 24.1 9.2 39% 25 75.72 0.0
31 01:15 S 43 G 61 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 24.7 7.5 33% 25 75.69 0.0
31 00:55 S 41 G 61 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 24.5 6.5 29.3 24.2 32% 25 75.67 0.0
31 00:35 S 41 G 57 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 24.3 6.3 32% 25 75.67 0.0
31 00:15 S 35 G 50 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 24.6 6.8 32% 25 75.67 0.0
30 23:55 S 37 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 25 6.7 31% 25 75.64 0.0
30 23:35 S 35 G 54 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 25.6 6.1 29% 26 75.62 0.0
30 23:15 S 41 G 59 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 26.2 5.2 26% 26 75.64 0.0
30 22:55 S 39 G 57 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 26.1 4 24% 26 75.62 0.0
30 22:35 S 41 G 54 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 25.8 4.1 25% 26 75.62 0.0
30 22:15 S 31 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 25.6 4.4 26% 25 75.62 0.0
30 21:55 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 24.3 6 31% 25 75.59 0.0
30 21:35 S 19 16.09 Fair CLR 24.3 8.5 37% 25 75.57 0.0
30 21:15 S 22 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 25.2 9.6 37% 26 75.54 0.0
30 20:55 S 35 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 26 10 37% 26 75.51 0.0
30 20:35 S 37 G 54 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 26.6 10.1 36% 26 75.51 0.0
30 20:15 S 43 G 56 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 27 10.3 35% 27 75.51 0.0
30 19:55 S 41 G 61 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 27.7 10.5 34% 27 75.51 0.0
30 19:35 S 46 G 59 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 28.6 10.8 33% 28 75.51 0.0
30 19:15 S 43 G 56 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 29.1 11.3 33% 28 75.54 0.0
30 18:55 S 41 G 59 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 29.3 11.5 32 27.7 33% 28 75.54 0.0
30 18:35 S 37 G 57 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 29.8 11.5 32% 29 75.54 0.0
30 18:15 S 46 G 61 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 30.2 11.6 32% 29 75.54 0.0
30 17:55 S 44 G 61 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 30.7 11 30% 29 75.57 0.0
30 17:35 S 46 G 59 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 31.1 10.5 28% 30 75.59 0.0
30 17:15 S 43 G 56 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 31.4 10.1 27% 30 75.59 0.0
30 16:55 S 35 G 52 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 31.8 9.7 25% 30 75.62 0.0
30 16:35 S 41 G 56 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 31.7 9 24% 30 75.64 0.0
30 16:15 S 39 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 31.6 8.7 24% 30 75.67 0.0
30 15:55 S 31 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR 30.6 9.6 27% 29 75.72 0.0
30 15:35 S 37 G 54 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 30.2 9.6 28% 29 75.74 0.0
30 15:15 S 33 G 52 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 30.6 10.3 28% 29 75.77 0.0
30 14:55 S 39 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 30.8 10.4 28% 29 75.79 0.0
30 14:35 S 39 G 52 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 30 10.3 29% 29 75.79 0.0
30 14:15 S 35 G 43 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 29.3 10.7 32% 28 75.82 0.0
30 13:55 S 41 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 28.7 10.4 32% 28 75.84 0.0
30 13:35 S 33 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 28.8 10.6 32% 28 75.87 0.0
30 13:15 S 33 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 28.3 10.2 32% 27 75.87 0.0
30 12:55 S 35 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 27.7 10.7 27.7 16.6 35% 27 75.9 0.0
30 12:35 S 28 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 27.3 10.7 35% 27 75.92 0.0
30 12:15 SW 31 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 26.3 10.3 37% 26 75.95 0.0
30 11:55 S 35 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 25.9 10.5 38% 26 75.95 0.0
30 11:35 S 37 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 24.9 10.5 40% 26 75.95 0.0
30 11:15 S 31 G 48 16.09 Fair CLR 24.4 10.6 42% 25 75.95 0.0
30 10:55 S 35 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 23.4 10.7 45% 75.95 0.0
30 10:35 S 39 G 52 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 22.3 10.6 48% 75.92 0.0
30 10:15 S 39 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 21.6 10.8 50% 75.92 0.0
30 09:55 S 31 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR 21 10.6 52% 75.95 0.0
30 09:35 S 39 G 50 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.5 10.5 53% 75.95 0.0
30 09:15 S 31 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR 19.3 10.5 57% 75.95 0.0
30 08:55 S 33 G 41 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 18 10.2 61% 75.95 0.0
30 08:35 S 30 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 10 62% 75.95 0.0
30 08:15 S 30 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 9.9 63% 75.95 0.0
30 07:55 S 31 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 17 9.7 62% 75.95 0.0
30 07:35 S 30 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 16.7 9.8 64% 75.95 0.0
30 07:15 S 28 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 16.8 9.7 63% 75.95 0.0
30 06:55 S 26 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 9.7 20.3 17 62% 75.95 0.0
30 06:35 S 26 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 9.7 62% 75.97 0.0
30 06:15 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 17 9.7 62% 75.95 0.0
30 05:55 S 26 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 9.7 62% 75.95 0.0
30 05:35 S 28 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 17.2 9.8 62% 75.92 0.0
30 05:15 S 20 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 9.8 62% 75.92 0.0
30 04:55 S 22 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 9.8 62% 75.92 0.0
30 04:35 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 10 62% 75.95 0.0
30 04:15 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 17.7 10 61% 75.95 0.0
30 03:55 S 24 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 18.1 10.1 60% 75.97 0.0
30 03:35 S 30 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 18.6 10.1 58% 75.95 0.0
30 03:15 S 28 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 18.9 10.2 57% 75.97 0.0
30 02:55 S 28 16.09 Fair CLR 19.1 10.2 56% 75.97 0.0
30 02:35 S 31 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 19.5 10.3 55% 75.97 0.0
30 02:15 S 33 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 19.5 10.3 55% 76 0.0
30 01:55 S 31 G 48 16.09 Fair CLR 20 10.3 54% 76 0.0
30 01:35 S 39 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.1 10.2 53% 76 0.0
30 01:15 S 37 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.2 10.1 52% 76.02 0.0
30 00:55 S 33 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.3 10.1 29.6 20.3 52% 76.02 0.0
30 00:35 S 33 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.7 10.1 51% 76.02 0.0
30 00:15 S 33 G 50 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 21.1 10 49% 76.02 0.0
29 23:55 S 33 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 21.3 10 49% 76.02 0.0
29 23:35 S 35 G 46 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 21.6 9.8 47% 76.02 0.0
29 23:15 S 35 G 43 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 22 9.5 45% 76.02 0.0
29 22:55 S 31 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 22 9.5 45% 76.02 0.0
29 22:35 S 33 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 22.3 9.5 44% 76.02 0.0
29 22:15 S 33 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 22.3 9.1 43% 76.02 0.0
29 21:55 S 26 16.09 Fair CLR 22.4 8 40% 76 0.0
29 21:35 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 23.2 7 35% 76 0.0
29 21:15 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 23.7 7 34% 75.97 0.0
29 20:55 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 24.6 7 32% 25 75.95 0.0
29 20:15 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 25.5 6.8 30% 26 75.95 0.0
29 19:55 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 26.6 7 29% 26 75.95 0.0
29 19:35 S 26 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 28 6.7 26% 27 75.92 0.0
29 19:15 S 30 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 28.9 6.1 24% 27 75.92 0.0
29 18:55 S 28 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 29.6 5.6 31.5 25.3 22% 28 75.9 0.0
29 18:35 S 28 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 30.4 5 20% 29 75.9 0.0
29 18:15 S 26 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 30.7 4.5 19% 29 75.9 0.0
29 17:55 S 26 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 31.1 4.8 19% 29 75.9 0.0
29 17:15 S 31 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 31.2 5.1 19% 29 75.9 0.0
29 16:55 S 33 G 43 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 31.1 5.3 20% 29 75.9 0.0
29 16:35 S 30 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 30.8 5.2 20% 29 75.9 0.0
29 16:15 S 31 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 31.5 5.6 20% 30 75.92 0.0
29 15:55 S 33 G 41 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 30.9 5.4 20% 29 75.92 0.0
29 15:35 S 28 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 30.5 5.9 21% 29 75.95 0.0
29 15:15 S 35 G 41 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 30.5 5.6 21% 29 75.95 0.0
29 14:55 S 31 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 29.9 6.2 22% 28 75.97 0.0
29 14:35 S 31 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 29.6 6.2 23% 28 76 0.0
29 14:15 SW 35 G 43 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 29 5.5 22% 28 76.02 0.0
29 13:55 S 33 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 28.1 5.6 24% 27 76.02 0.0
29 13:35 SW 26 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 27.3 5.5 25% 26 76.07 0.0
29 13:15 SW 31 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 26.4 5.4 26% 26 76.07 0.0
29 12:55 SW 22 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 25.1 6 25.1 10.6 29% 25 76.1 0.0
29 12:35 S 28 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR 24 6 31% 25 76.1 0.0
29 12:15 SW 35 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 22.8 6 34% 76.12 0.0
29 11:55 SW 35 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 21.7 5.7 35% 76.12 0.0
29 11:35 SW 39 G 50 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 20.6 5.6 38% 76.15 0.0
29 11:15 SW 43 G 56 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 19.9 5.6 39% 76.12 0.0
29 10:55 SW 44 G 57 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 18.8 5.6 42% 76.1 0.0
29 10:35 SW 43 G 57 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 17.8 6 46% 76.1 0.0
29 10:15 SW 46 G 61 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 16.4 6.1 51% 76.1 0.0
29 09:55 S 44 G 61 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 15.4 6.1 54% 76.1 0.0
29 09:35 SW 44 G 59 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 14.2 6 58% 76.1 0.0
29 09:15 S 41 G 61 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 13.6 6 60% 76.1 0.0
29 08:55 S 39 G 59 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 12.5 5.7 64% 76.1 0.0
29 08:35 S 48 G 56 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 11.6 5.3 66% 76.1 0.0
29 08:15 SW 43 G 59 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 11.3 5.2 66% 76.1 0.0
29 07:55 SW 41 G 61 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 11.2 5.1 66% 76.12 0.0
29 07:35 S 44 G 57 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 10.8 4.8 67% 76.1 0.0
29 07:15 SW 41 G 56 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 11.1 4.6 65% 76.12 0.0
29 06:55 S 44 G 59 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 11.3 4.6 11.3 9.6 64% 76.12 0.0
29 06:35 S 43 G 59 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 10.2 4.6 68% 76.12 0.0
29 06:15 S 43 G 56 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 10 4.5 69% 6 76.15 0.0
29 05:55 S 41 G 56 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 10.1 4.6 69% 76.15 0.0
29 05:35 S 46 G 56 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 10.2 4.6 68% 76.17 0.0
29 05:15 S 41 G 52 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 10.2 4.5 68% 76.2 0.0
29 04:55 S 39 G 54 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 10 4.5 69% 6 76.2 0.0
29 04:35 S 44 G 54 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 9.8 4.3 69% 6 76.23 0.0
29 04:15 S 43 G 57 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 9.7 4.3 69% 6 76.25 0.0
29 03:55 S 39 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 9.7 4.1 68% 6 76.3 0.0
29 03:35 S 44 G 52 16.09 Fair and Windy CLR 9.8 4 67% 6 76.3 0.0
29 03:15 S 41 G 50 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 10.2 3.8 65% 76.33 0.0
29 02:55 S 39 G 48 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 10.5 3.6 63% 76.38 0.0
29 02:35 S 26 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 10.1 3.5 64% 76.43 0.0
29 02:15 S 26 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 10 3.3 63% 7 76.43 0.0
29 01:55 S 26 G 46 16.09 Fair CLR 10.2 3.2 62% 76.45 0.0
29 01:35 S 30 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 10.5 3.2 61% 76.45 0.0
29 01:15 S 30 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 10.6 3.4 61% 76.45 0.0
29 00:55 S 37 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 10.9 3.3 17.5 10.9 60% 76.45 0.0
29 00:35 S 30 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 11 3.1 59% 76.45 0.0
29 00:15 S 30 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 11.2 3 57% 76.5 0.0
28 23:55 S 31 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 11.5 3 56% 76.5 0.0
28 23:35 S 30 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 11.8 3 55% 76.53 0.0
28 23:15 S 30 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 12 3.1 55% 76.56 0.0
28 22:55 S 31 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 12 3.1 55% 76.56 0.0
28 22:35 S 33 G 44 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 12.4 3 53% 76.58 0.0
28 22:15 S 26 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 12.4 2.6 52% 76.61 0.0
28 21:55 S 24 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 13 2.2 48% 76.61 0.0
28 21:35 S 24 16.09 Fair CLR 13 1.8 47% 76.61 0.0
28 21:15 S 22 16.09 Fair CLR 13.5 1.6 45% 76.61 0.0
28 20:55 S 22 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 13.7 1.5 44% 76.63 0.0
28 20:35 S 19 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 14.3 1.2 41% 76.63 0.0
28 20:15 S 20 16.09 Fair CLR 14.7 1 40% 76.63 0.0
28 19:55 S 26 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 15.9 1 37% 76.66 0.0
28 19:15 S 28 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 16.7 0.5 34% 76.68 0.0
28 18:55 S 28 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 0.3 19 14 31% 76.68 0.0
28 18:35 S 24 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 17.5 -0.1 31% 76.71 0.0
28 18:15 S 31 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 17.9 -0.2 30% 76.73 0.0
28 17:55 S 30 G 44 16.09 Fair CLR 18.1 -1 28% 76.73 0.0
28 17:35 S 30 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 18.6 -1 27% 76.78 0.0
28 17:15 S 28 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 18.8 -0.9 27% 76.81 0.0
28 16:55 S 30 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 18.7 -2.1 24% 76.84 0.0
28 16:35 S 30 G 43 16.09 Fair CLR 18.8 -2.4 24% 76.86 0.0
28 16:15 S 35 G 43 16.09 Fair and Breezy CLR 18.5 -3.3 23% 76.91 0.0
28 15:55 S 30 G 41 16.09 Fair CLR 18.4 -4.6 21% 76.96 0.0
28 15:35 S 28 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 18.2 -5.3 20% 77.01 0.0
28 15:15 S 26 G 37 16.09 Fair CLR 17.4 -6 20% 77.06 0.0
28 14:55 S 28 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 17.1 -6.2 20% 77.11 0.0
28 14:35 S 22 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 16.4 -6.6 20% 77.17 0.0
28 14:15 S 17 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 16 -6.7 21% 77.22 0.0
28 13:55 S 19 G 39 16.09 Fair CLR 15.9 -7.1 20% 77.27 0.0
28 13:35 S 22 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 14.9 -7.9 20% 77.29 0.0
28 13:15 SE 19 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 14.4 -8.7 19% 77.32 0.0
28 12:55 S 24 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 14.1 -8.8 14.1 4.1 20% 77.37 0.0
28 12:35 S 20 G 26 16.09 Fair CLR 13.2 -8.6 21% 77.42 0.0
28 12:15 S 22 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 12.4 -9.9 20% 77.47 0.0
28 11:55 SE 24 G 35 16.09 Fair CLR 12.1 -10.4 20% 77.52 0.0
28 11:35 S 22 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 11.5 -10.4 21% 77.52 0.0
28 11:15 SE 24 G 33 16.09 Fair CLR 10.9 -10.4 21% 77.55 0.0
28 10:55 SE 22 G 31 16.09 Fair CLR 10.1 -10.6 22% 77.6 0.0
28 10:35 SE 24 G 30 16.09 Fair CLR 9.8 -10.4 23% 7 77.6 0.0
28 10:15 SE 26 16.09 Fair CLR 9.1 -9.7 26% 6 77.62 0.0
28 09:55 SE 22 16.09 Fair CLR 8.3 -9.2 28% 5 77.62 0.0
Date Time (cdt) Wind (kph) Vis. (km) Weather Sky Cond. Air Dwpt Max. Min. Relative Humidity Wind Chill (°C) Heat Index (°C) altimeter (cm) sea level (mb) 1 hr 3 hr 6 hr
6 hour
Temperature (ºC) Pressure Precipitation (cm)