Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Grand Junction, CO
Issued by NWS Grand Junction, CO
188
UXUS97 KGJT 241307
SRGGJT
Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Grand Junction, Colorado
707 AM MDT Monday, June 24, 2024
This forecast is for Monday, June 24, 2024:
If the trigger temperature of 84.4 F/29.1 C is reached...then
Thermal Soaring Index....................... Excellent
Maximum rate of lift........................ 1467 ft/min (7.5 m/s)
Maximum height of thermals.................. 20671 ft MSL (15832 ft AGL)
Forecast maximum temperature................... 98.0 F/37.1 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 0945 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 13860 ft MSL (9021 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Tuesday 06/25...... Excellent
Wave Soaring Index............................. Not available
Remarks...
Sunrise/Sunset.................... 05:49:24 / 20:44:08 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 14 hr 54 min 44 sec (894 min 44 sec)
Altitude of sun at 13:16:46 MDT... 73.87 degrees
Upper air data from rawinsonde observation taken on 06/24/2024 at 0600 MDT
Freezing level.................. 16508 ft MSL (11669 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 16419 ft MSL (11580 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 17198 ft MSL (12359 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... -4.7
K index......................... +25.0
Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -65.0 -85.0 255 42 22 6.5 3.5 84.4 183.9 27.8 M M
45000 -57.0 -70.6 265 53 27 4.9 2.7 73.4 164.2 22.9 M M
40000 -48.3 -54.9 260 61 31 5.8 3.2 63.2 145.8 17.8 M M
38000 -44.9 -48.8 260 61 31 5.8 3.2 59.7 139.4 15.8 M M
36000 -41.0 -41.8 260 53 27 7.7 4.2 56.7 134.1 14.1 M M
34000 -36.9 -34.4 265 48 24 7.0 3.8 54.3 129.7 12.7 M M
32000 -33.1 -27.6 260 47 24 6.4 3.5 51.6 125.0 11.1 M M
30000 -28.9 -20.0 260 37 19 6.6 3.6 48.5 119.2 9.0 M M
29000 -27.1 -16.8 260 33 17 5.8 3.2 47.0 116.5 7.9 M M
28000 -25.4 -13.7 265 27 14 5.8 3.2 45.4 113.8 6.8 M M
27000 -23.1 -9.6 270 28 14 8.9 4.9 44.6 112.4 6.3 M M
26000 -20.4 -4.7 280 27 14 8.9 4.9 44.3 111.8 6.1 M M
25000 -18.1 -0.6 275 23 12 7.0 3.8 43.6 110.4 5.6 M M
24000 -16.3 2.7 265 16 8 7.0 3.8 42.4 108.3 4.5 M M
23000 -15.3 4.5 260 13 7 -8.2 -4.5 40.2 104.3 2.6 M M
22000 -13.6 7.5 250 14 7 8.6 4.7 38.7 101.7 1.4 M M
21000 -11.7 10.9 250 9 5 2.4 1.3 37.6 99.7 0.5 M M
20000 -9.5 14.9 270 6 3 8.2 4.5 36.7 98.1 -0.3 1403 7.1
19500 -8.3 17.1 275 5 3 9.0 4.9 36.5 97.6 -0.6 1353 6.9
19000 -7.0 19.4 280 5 2 9.1 5.0 36.4 97.5 -0.7 1298 6.6
18500 -5.7 21.7 275 4 2 8.5 4.7 36.2 97.2 -0.9 1244 6.3
18000 -4.4 24.1 315 5 3 9.1 5.0 36.1 96.9 -1.1 1192 6.1
17500 -3.1 26.4 315 7 3 9.2 5.1 36.0 96.8 -1.2 1136 5.8
17000 -1.7 28.9 305 8 4 9.3 5.1 35.9 96.6 -1.2 1080 5.5
16500 0.4 32.7 300 12 6 9.3 5.1 35.8 96.4 -1.4 997 5.1
16000 1.7 35.1 295 13 7 9.3 5.1 35.7 96.3 -1.5 941 4.8
15500 3.1 37.6 285 14 7 9.5 5.2 35.6 96.1 -1.6 885 4.5
15000 4.3 39.7 270 15 8 6.9 3.8 35.4 95.6 -1.8 833 4.2
14500 5.3 41.5 270 14 7 6.8 3.8 34.9 94.8 -2.4 791 4.0
14000 6.2 43.2 265 12 6 6.3 3.5 34.4 93.9 -2.9 748 3.8
13500 7.1 44.8 265 11 6 7.5 4.1 33.9 92.9 -3.5 705 3.6
13000 8.2 46.8 255 12 6 7.7 4.2 33.5 92.3 -3.8 657 3.3
12500 9.4 48.9 245 13 7 8.2 4.5 33.2 91.7 -4.2 609 3.1
12000 10.6 51.1 240 14 7 8.8 4.8 33.0 91.5 -4.4 556 2.8
11500 11.9 53.4 250 13 7 8.1 4.5 32.9 91.2 -4.6 502 2.6
11000 12.8 55.0 260 12 6 5.5 3.0 32.3 90.2 -5.2 462 2.3
10500 13.5 56.3 260 16 8 5.7 3.1 31.7 89.0 -5.9 425 2.2
10250 13.9 57.0 255 17 9 6.2 3.4 31.4 88.5 -6.3 405 2.1
10000 14.4 57.9 245 18 9 7.3 4.0 31.1 88.0 -6.5 383 1.9
9750 15.0 59.0 245 17 9 8.0 4.4 31.0 87.8 -6.7 358 1.8
9500 15.6 60.1 250 16 8 7.8 4.3 30.8 87.5 -6.8 333 1.7
9250 16.2 61.2 250 16 8 7.8 4.3 30.7 87.2 -7.0 308 1.6
9000 16.8 62.2 255 15 8 7.8 4.3 30.5 87.0 -7.1 283 1.4
8750 17.4 63.3 260 12 6 7.8 4.3 30.4 86.7 -7.3 258 1.3
8500 18.0 64.4 265 9 4 7.8 4.3 30.2 86.4 -7.4 233 1.2
8250 18.6 65.5 285 6 3 8.0 4.4 30.1 86.2 -7.6 208 1.1
8000 19.2 66.6 320 4 2 8.2 4.5 30.0 85.9 -7.7 182 0.9
7750 19.8 67.6 330 3 2 8.2 4.5 29.9 85.7 -7.9 156 0.8
7500 20.4 68.7 350 3 1 8.1 4.4 29.7 85.5 -8.0 130 0.7
7250 21.0 69.8 010 2 1 8.3 4.6 29.6 85.3 -8.1 105 0.5
7000 21.6 70.9 120 3 2 7.4 4.1 29.5 85.1 -8.2 79 0.4
6750 22.1 71.8 135 4 2 5.9 3.2 29.2 84.6 -8.5 58 0.3
6500 22.5 72.5 150 8 4 5.9 3.2 28.9 84.1 -8.9 39 0.2
6250 22.9 73.2 155 12 6 5.6 3.1 28.6 83.6 -9.3 20 0.1
6000 23.3 73.9 150 10 5 6.8 3.7 28.3 83.0 -9.6 1 0.0
5750 23.6 74.5 145 11 5 -1.6 -0.9 27.9 82.3 -10.1 M M
5500 23.2 73.8 140 12 6 -1.1 -0.6 26.9 80.3 -11.1 M M
5250 23.4 74.1 135 10 5 5.4 3.0 26.5 79.6 -11.7 M M
5000 23.1 73.6 125 9 5 -20.0 -11.0 25.4 77.7 -12.8 M M
* * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *
06/24/2024 at 0900 MDT | 06/24/2024 at 1200 MDT
|
CAPE... +216.6 LI... -2.5 | CAPE... +682.8 LI... -3.6
CINH... -160.9 K Index... +27.0 | CINH... -21.1 K Index... +29.1
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -62.8 -81.0 265 37 19 3.4 1.9 | -62.7 -80.9 265 39 20 3.7 2.0
45000 -56.7 -70.1 265 52 27 5.2 2.8 | -56.4 -69.5 265 55 28 4.9 2.7
40000 -48.2 -54.8 260 62 32 6.4 3.5 | -48.3 -54.9 260 66 34 6.2 3.4
38000 -44.4 -47.9 260 58 30 6.4 3.5 | -44.6 -48.3 260 62 32 6.2 3.4
36000 -40.6 -41.1 260 55 28 6.4 3.5 | -40.9 -41.6 260 57 30 6.3 3.5
34000 -36.7 -34.1 260 48 25 6.5 3.5 | -36.9 -34.4 260 50 26 6.5 3.6
32000 -32.8 -27.0 265 42 22 6.5 3.6 | -33.0 -27.4 265 42 22 6.7 3.7
30000 -29.2 -20.6 265 37 19 6.1 3.3 | -29.3 -20.7 265 38 20 6.1 3.4
29000 -27.3 -17.1 265 35 18 6.1 3.3 | -27.4 -17.3 265 37 19 6.1 3.4
28000 -25.5 -13.9 265 32 17 6.8 3.7 | -25.6 -14.1 265 35 18 6.7 3.7
27000 -23.4 -10.1 265 28 14 7.1 3.9 | -23.5 -10.3 265 31 16 6.9 3.8
26000 -21.2 -6.2 270 24 12 7.1 3.9 | -21.4 -6.5 265 27 14 6.9 3.8
25000 -18.6 -1.5 270 19 10 6.6 3.6 | -18.8 -1.8 265 23 12 6.5 3.6
24000 -16.7 1.9 270 19 10 6.4 3.5 | -16.9 1.6 265 20 11 6.5 3.5
23000 -14.9 5.2 265 18 9 6.4 3.5 | -15.0 5.0 270 18 9 6.6 3.6
22000 -13.0 8.6 265 17 9 6.4 3.5 | -13.1 8.4 270 16 8 6.9 3.8
21000 -11.1 12.0 265 15 8 6.4 3.5 | -11.1 12.0 270 15 8 7.0 3.8
20000 -9.3 15.3 270 13 7 6.5 3.6 | -9.1 15.6 270 14 7 7.0 3.9
19500 -8.3 17.1 275 12 6 6.9 3.8 | -8.1 17.4 270 14 7 7.2 4.0
19000 -7.3 18.9 275 11 6 7.9 4.3 | -7.0 19.4 275 13 7 7.5 4.1
18500 -6.1 21.0 280 11 6 7.8 4.3 | -6.0 21.2 275 12 6 7.4 4.1
18000 -5.0 23.0 285 10 5 8.6 4.7 | -4.8 23.4 275 11 5 8.5 4.7
17500 -3.7 25.3 290 10 5 8.7 4.8 | -3.6 25.5 280 10 5 8.6 4.7
17000 -2.4 27.7 295 10 5 8.8 4.8 | -2.3 27.9 280 9 5 8.7 4.8
16500 -1.1 30.0 295 10 5 9.0 4.9 | -1.0 30.2 285 9 5 8.8 4.8
16000 0.2 32.4 295 11 6 9.0 4.9 | 0.2 32.4 285 10 5 8.8 4.8
15500 1.5 34.7 295 11 6 8.9 4.9 | 1.6 34.9 290 10 5 9.1 5.0
15000 2.8 37.0 295 12 6 8.9 4.9 | 2.9 37.2 290 10 5 9.1 5.0
14500 4.1 39.4 295 12 6 8.7 4.8 | 4.2 39.6 290 10 5 8.8 4.8
14000 5.4 41.7 295 13 7 8.6 4.7 | 5.5 41.9 285 11 5 8.8 4.8
13500 6.6 43.9 290 13 7 8.4 4.6 | 6.8 44.2 285 11 6 8.8 4.8
13000 7.8 46.0 285 14 7 8.1 4.4 | 8.1 46.6 280 11 6 8.9 4.9
12500 9.0 48.2 280 14 7 8.1 4.4 | 9.4 48.9 280 11 6 8.8 4.8
12000 10.1 50.2 275 14 7 7.9 4.3 | 10.6 51.1 275 11 6 8.5 4.7
11500 11.2 52.2 270 14 7 7.9 4.3 | 11.8 53.2 270 11 6 8.6 4.7
11000 12.3 54.1 265 13 7 7.6 4.2 | 13.1 55.6 265 11 5 8.6 4.7
10500 13.5 56.3 260 13 7 5.4 3.0 | 14.3 57.7 260 10 5 6.4 3.5
10250 13.8 56.8 260 13 7 5.6 3.1 | 14.7 58.5 260 10 5 6.8 3.7
10000 14.3 57.7 255 12 6 8.7 4.8 | 15.4 59.7 255 10 5 10.0 5.5
9750 14.9 58.8 255 12 6 8.0 4.4 | 16.0 60.8 255 10 5 9.3 5.1
9500 15.5 59.9 250 11 6 7.8 4.3 | 16.7 62.1 255 9 5 9.1 5.0
9250 16.0 60.8 250 11 6 6.3 3.5 | 17.3 63.1 255 9 4 8.2 4.5
9000 16.4 61.5 245 11 6 6.2 3.4 | 17.9 64.2 255 8 4 8.4 4.6
8750 16.9 62.4 240 10 5 6.8 3.7 | 19.2 66.6 250 7 4 8.3 4.6
8500 17.8 64.0 230 8 4 4.4 2.4 | 19.7 67.5 250 6 3 6.6 3.6
8250 18.1 64.6 225 7 4 5.1 2.8 | 20.2 68.4 250 5 3 8.7 4.7
8000 18.5 65.3 215 6 3 7.1 3.9 | 21.0 69.8 245 5 3 11.8 6.5
7750 19.0 66.2 200 5 3 5.9 3.2 | 21.8 71.2 240 5 3 9.8 5.4
7500 19.4 66.9 190 5 3 4.0 2.2 | 22.5 72.5 245 5 2 7.7 4.2
7250 19.7 67.5 180 5 3 4.9 2.7 | 23.0 73.4 250 4 2 8.7 4.8
7000 20.2 68.4 175 5 3 8.7 4.8 | 23.8 74.8 245 4 2 12.2 6.7
6750 20.8 69.4 170 5 3 9.2 5.1 | 24.8 76.6 240 4 2 11.7 6.4
6500 21.4 70.5 165 5 3 7.9 4.3 | 25.5 77.9 245 4 2 10.2 5.6
6250 22.0 71.6 160 5 3 7.6 4.1 | 26.3 79.3 245 3 2 9.5 5.2
6000 22.7 72.9 155 5 3 10.9 6.0 | 27.1 80.8 250 3 2 13.1 7.2
5750 23.8 74.8 160 5 2 20.3 11.1 | 28.5 83.3 245 3 2 26.5 14.5
5500 25.2 77.4 150 4 2 11.2 6.1 | 30.6 87.1 255 3 1 27.1 14.9
5250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
5000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
06/24/2024 at 1500 MDT | 06/24/2024 at 1800 MDT
|
CAPE... +556.1 LI... -2.6 | CAPE... +302.8 LI... -1.5
CINH... -9.6 K Index... +26.2 | CINH... -12.4 K Index... +24.3
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -62.8 -81.0 270 43 22 3.4 1.9 | -63.1 -81.6 270 43 22 3.6 2.0
45000 -56.7 -70.1 270 59 30 5.3 2.9 | -56.4 -69.5 270 58 30 5.8 3.2
40000 -48.1 -54.6 265 68 35 6.0 3.3 | -47.5 -53.5 270 68 35 5.1 2.8
38000 -44.5 -48.1 265 64 33 6.0 3.3 | -44.4 -47.9 270 65 33 5.1 2.8
36000 -40.9 -41.6 260 59 30 6.2 3.4 | -41.4 -42.5 265 61 32 5.6 3.1
34000 -37.1 -34.8 265 51 26 6.4 3.5 | -37.5 -35.5 270 52 27 6.5 3.6
32000 -33.2 -27.8 265 43 22 6.6 3.6 | -33.6 -28.5 270 42 22 6.6 3.6
30000 -29.1 -20.4 265 40 20 7.0 3.8 | -29.2 -20.6 275 38 20 7.4 4.1
29000 -27.0 -16.6 270 39 20 7.0 3.8 | -27.0 -16.6 275 37 19 7.4 4.1
28000 -24.9 -12.8 270 38 19 6.5 3.6 | -24.8 -12.6 275 35 18 6.5 3.5
27000 -23.0 -9.4 270 35 18 6.3 3.5 | -22.9 -9.2 280 33 17 6.2 3.4
26000 -20.6 -5.1 270 31 16 6.3 3.5 | -20.6 -5.1 280 32 16 6.3 3.4
25000 -18.7 -1.7 270 28 15 6.7 3.7 | -18.8 -1.8 280 30 15 7.0 3.8
24000 -16.7 1.9 270 25 13 6.9 3.8 | -16.6 2.1 280 27 14 7.3 4.0
23000 -14.6 5.7 265 22 11 6.9 3.8 | -14.5 5.9 280 23 12 7.3 4.0
22000 -12.6 9.3 265 20 10 7.1 3.9 | -12.3 9.9 280 20 10 7.2 3.9
21000 -10.5 13.1 270 18 9 7.2 4.0 | -10.2 13.6 280 18 9 7.2 3.9
20000 -8.4 16.9 275 16 8 7.4 4.0 | -8.2 17.2 285 17 9 7.2 4.0
19500 -7.4 18.7 275 15 8 7.6 4.1 | -7.1 19.2 285 16 8 7.6 4.2
19000 -6.2 20.8 280 15 8 7.9 4.3 | -5.9 21.4 285 15 8 8.4 4.6
18500 -5.1 22.8 280 14 7 7.9 4.3 | -4.7 23.5 285 15 7 8.3 4.6
18000 -3.9 25.0 285 13 7 8.4 4.6 | -3.5 25.7 285 14 7 8.9 4.9
17500 -2.7 27.1 285 13 7 8.5 4.7 | -2.1 28.2 285 13 7 9.0 4.9
17000 -1.5 29.3 285 12 6 8.6 4.7 | -0.8 30.6 280 13 7 9.0 5.0
16500 -0.2 31.6 285 12 6 8.9 4.9 | 0.5 32.9 280 12 6 9.1 5.0
16000 1.1 34.0 285 11 6 8.9 4.9 | 1.9 35.4 280 12 6 9.2 5.0
15500 2.5 36.5 285 11 5 9.3 5.1 | 3.2 37.8 275 11 6 9.0 4.9
15000 3.8 38.8 285 10 5 9.3 5.1 | 4.5 40.1 275 11 6 9.0 4.9
14500 5.2 41.4 285 10 5 9.3 5.1 | 5.9 42.6 270 11 5 9.1 5.0
14000 6.5 43.7 280 9 5 9.2 5.1 | 7.2 45.0 270 10 5 9.2 5.1
13500 7.9 46.2 280 9 5 9.3 5.1 | 8.6 47.5 270 10 5 9.3 5.1
13000 9.3 48.7 275 9 5 9.3 5.1 | 10.0 50.0 265 10 5 9.5 5.2
12500 10.6 51.1 275 9 5 9.3 5.1 | 11.4 52.5 265 10 5 9.5 5.2
12000 12.0 53.6 275 9 5 9.4 5.1 | 12.8 55.0 265 10 5 9.5 5.2
11500 13.4 56.1 270 9 4 9.3 5.1 | 14.2 57.6 265 9 5 9.5 5.2
11000 14.7 58.5 270 9 5 8.7 4.8 | 15.5 59.9 265 9 5 8.1 4.4
10500 16.0 60.8 270 9 5 10.3 5.7 | 16.6 61.9 265 9 5 11.7 6.4
10250 16.8 62.2 265 9 5 10.7 5.9 | 17.7 63.9 265 9 5 12.7 6.9
10000 17.5 63.5 260 9 4 8.9 4.9 | 18.4 65.1 265 9 5 8.5 4.7
9750 18.2 64.8 260 9 4 9.5 5.2 | 19.1 66.4 265 9 4 9.8 5.4
9500 18.8 65.8 260 9 4 9.2 5.0 | 19.8 67.6 265 9 4 8.8 4.8
9250 20.2 68.4 260 8 4 9.5 5.2 | 20.4 68.7 265 9 5 7.9 4.3
9000 20.8 69.4 255 8 4 9.7 5.3 | 21.0 69.8 265 9 5 9.3 5.1
8750 21.5 70.7 255 8 4 9.6 5.3 | 22.4 72.3 265 8 4 10.0 5.5
8500 22.2 72.0 255 8 4 8.8 4.8 | 23.1 73.6 265 8 4 9.2 5.1
8250 22.9 73.2 255 8 4 9.7 5.3 | 23.8 74.8 265 9 5 9.6 5.3
8000 23.7 74.7 255 8 4 11.2 6.1 | 24.6 76.3 265 9 4 10.5 5.8
7750 24.5 76.1 250 8 4 10.2 5.6 | 25.4 77.7 265 8 4 9.9 5.5
7500 25.2 77.4 255 8 4 8.4 4.6 | 26.0 78.8 265 8 4 8.4 4.6
7250 25.8 78.4 255 8 4 8.9 4.9 | 26.7 80.1 265 9 4 8.7 4.8
7000 26.6 79.9 255 8 4 11.6 6.4 | 27.4 81.3 265 8 4 10.9 6.0
6750 27.4 81.3 250 7 4 11.7 6.4 | 28.2 82.8 265 7 4 11.1 6.1
6500 28.3 82.9 250 7 4 10.9 6.0 | 29.0 84.2 265 7 4 10.4 5.7
6250 29.1 84.4 255 7 4 10.6 5.8 | 29.8 85.6 265 8 4 10.5 5.8
6000 29.8 85.6 255 7 4 10.3 5.7 | 30.5 86.9 265 8 4 8.7 4.8
5750 30.8 87.4 250 7 3 20.0 11.0 | 31.2 88.2 265 6 3 12.1 6.6
5500 33.6 92.5 260 6 3 62.5 34.3 | 33.2 91.8 270 6 3 50.9 27.9
5250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
5000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
________________________________________________________________________________
This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC) and again by approximately 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC). It is not
continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance.
The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken at Walker Field in Grand
Junction, Colorado at
North Latitude: 39 deg 07 min 00.001 sec
West Longitude: 108 deg 31 min 59.998 sec
Elevation: 4839 feet (1475 meters)
and may not be representative of other areas along the Western Slope of
Colorado. Note that some elevations in numerical weather prediction models
differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to data which appear
to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should not be used.
The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger
values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or
greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
convective activity develop.
CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative
this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This
inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)
Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
produced by surface heating only.
Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a
"trigger temperature" for that level.
Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.
Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and
existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
waves.
K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger
positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding
soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
and is reproduced in the following table:
below -10 no or weak thermals
-10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
5 to 15 good soaring conditions
15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers
20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
probability of showers and thunderstorms
above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms
Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
inversions.
Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.
Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with
positive values showing stable conditions.
Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is
computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
are applied to these calculations.
Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.
Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It
is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments
are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment.
Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that
between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind speed no longer increases with height
PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.
Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
and the time of overdevelopment.
Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values
are indicative of thermal lift.
Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:
Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating
>= 800 fpm Excellent
>= 400 and < 800 fpm Good
>= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair
< 200 fpm Poor
Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
3. initiation of widespread precipitation
Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
reach the trigger temperature.
Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.
Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to
these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
movements.
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