Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Pueblo, CO
Issued by NWS Pueblo, CO
649
UXUS97 KPUB 201211
SRGPUB
Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Pueblo, Colorado
0611 MDT Friday, September 20, 2024
This forecast is for Villa Grove, CO for Friday, September 20, 2024:
If the trigger temperature of 63.2 F/17.3 C is reached...then
Thermal Soaring Index....................... Excellent
Maximum rate of lift........................ 862 ft/min (4.4 m/s)
Maximum height of thermals.................. 18448 ft MSL (9482 ft AGL)
Forecast maximum temperature................... 75.0 F/24.3 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1030 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 16934 ft MSL (7968 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Saturday 09/21..... Fair
Wave Soaring Index............................. Not available
Remarks...
Sunrise/Sunset.................... 06:50:22 / 19:03:07 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 12 hr 12 min 45 sec (732 min 45 sec)
Altitude of sun at 12:56:45 MDT... 52.40 degrees
Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 09/20/2024 at 0600 MDT
Freezing level.................. 14931 ft MSL (5965 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 21377 ft MSL (12411 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 20175 ft MSL (11209 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... +1.0
K index......................... -24.8
Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -66.0 -86.8 245 59 30 3.1 1.7 M M M M M
45000 -59.7 -75.5 240 74 38 6.7 3.7 M M M M M
40000 -49.6 -57.3 240 81 42 6.6 3.6 M M M M M
38000 -45.7 -50.3 240 81 41 6.6 3.6 M M M M M
36000 -41.7 -43.1 240 80 41 6.6 3.6 M M M M M
34000 -37.7 -35.9 235 76 39 6.5 3.6 M M M M M
32000 -33.3 -27.9 235 69 36 6.3 3.5 M M M M M
30000 -29.3 -20.7 235 62 32 6.7 3.7 35.1 95.2 8.8 M M
29000 -27.3 -17.1 230 58 30 6.7 3.7 34.0 93.2 8.1 M M
28000 -25.2 -13.4 230 54 28 7.1 3.9 33.1 91.5 7.4 M M
27000 -23.0 -9.4 230 51 26 7.5 4.1 32.1 89.8 6.7 M M
26000 -20.8 -5.4 230 49 25 7.5 4.1 31.3 88.3 6.0 M M
25000 -18.5 -1.3 230 46 24 7.5 4.1 30.6 87.0 5.5 M M
24000 -16.2 2.8 230 44 23 7.8 4.3 29.8 85.6 4.9 M M
23000 -13.8 7.2 230 43 22 7.9 4.3 29.1 84.4 4.5 M M
22000 -11.4 11.5 230 41 21 8.1 4.4 28.6 83.4 4.0 M M
21000 -9.5 14.9 230 40 20 5.6 3.1 27.3 81.1 3.0 M M
20000 -7.8 18.0 230 38 19 5.7 3.1 25.9 78.6 1.8 M M
19500 -7.0 19.4 230 37 19 5.7 3.1 25.2 77.4 1.2 M M
19000 -6.1 21.0 230 36 19 6.2 3.4 24.6 76.3 0.6 M M
18500 -5.1 22.8 230 35 18 6.4 3.5 24.0 75.2 0.1 M M
18000 -4.2 24.4 230 35 18 6.6 3.6 23.5 74.3 -0.4 830 4.2
17500 -3.6 25.5 230 34 17 1.1 0.6 22.5 72.4 -1.3 799 4.1
17000 -3.4 25.9 230 32 16 1.8 1.0 21.1 70.0 -2.6 778 4.0
16500 -3.1 26.4 230 30 15 4.3 2.4 20.0 68.0 -3.8 754 3.8
16000 -2.4 27.7 230 28 15 5.4 3.0 19.2 66.6 -4.6 718 3.6
15500 -1.7 28.9 230 27 14 6.5 3.6 18.6 65.4 -5.4 683 3.5
15000 0.1 32.2 225 26 13 9.2 5.1 18.3 64.9 -5.8 605 3.1
14500 1.4 34.5 225 26 13 8.9 4.9 18.1 64.7 -6.0 552 2.8
14000 2.8 37.0 225 25 13 9.4 5.2 18.1 64.6 -6.1 494 2.5
13500 4.2 39.6 225 25 13 8.4 4.6 18.1 64.5 -6.1 437 2.2
13000 5.6 42.1 225 24 12 10.1 5.6 17.9 64.3 -6.3 382 1.9
12500 7.0 44.6 225 23 12 9.4 5.2 17.9 64.3 -6.3 324 1.6
12000 7.9 46.2 225 22 11 5.6 3.1 17.4 63.3 -6.9 282 1.4
11750 8.4 47.1 225 21 11 8.1 4.4 17.2 63.0 -7.2 259 1.3
11500 9.0 48.2 225 20 10 7.6 4.2 17.1 62.7 -7.4 236 1.2
11250 9.5 49.1 225 19 10 5.7 3.2 16.8 62.3 -7.6 214 1.1
11000 9.8 49.6 225 17 9 4.2 2.3 16.4 61.6 -8.1 197 1.0
10750 10.1 50.2 225 15 8 5.0 2.7 16.1 60.9 -8.5 180 0.9
10500 10.5 50.9 225 13 7 5.2 2.9 15.7 60.3 -8.9 161 0.8
10250 10.8 51.4 220 11 6 2.8 1.5 15.3 59.5 -9.3 144 0.7
10000 10.9 51.6 220 10 5 0.6 0.3 14.7 58.4 -9.9 133 0.7
9750 11.0 51.8 220 9 5 2.8 1.5 14.0 57.2 -10.6 122 0.6
9500 11.2 52.2 220 8 4 0.3 0.2 13.5 56.3 -11.1 109 0.6
9250 10.6 51.1 220 7 3 -19.9 -10.9 12.1 53.9 -12.5 120 0.6
9000 7.7 45.9 240 4 2 -61.0 -33.5 8.5 47.3 -16.2 200 1.0
8750 M M M M M M M M M M M M
8500 M M M M M M M M M M M M
8250 M M M M M M M M M M M M
8000 M M M M M M M M M M M M
* * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *
09/20/2024 at 0900 MDT | 09/20/2024 at 1200 MDT
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +2.9 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +2.7
CINH... 0.0 K Index... -28.3 | CINH... 0.0 K Index... -26.9
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -65.3 -85.5 245 55 29 2.7 1.5 | -64.1 -83.4 240 46 24 1.9 1.0
45000 -59.5 -75.1 235 71 37 6.3 3.5 | -59.4 -74.9 240 73 37 5.9 3.3
40000 -49.9 -57.8 235 78 40 6.9 3.8 | -50.2 -58.4 235 82 42 7.1 3.9
38000 -45.7 -50.3 235 78 40 7.0 3.8 | -45.9 -50.6 230 82 42 7.2 3.9
36000 -41.6 -42.9 235 77 40 7.0 3.8 | -41.6 -42.9 230 82 42 7.2 3.9
34000 -37.7 -35.9 235 73 38 6.3 3.4 | -37.1 -34.8 230 77 40 6.5 3.6
32000 -33.5 -28.3 230 67 35 6.1 3.3 | -33.2 -27.8 230 72 37 6.5 3.5
30000 -29.6 -21.3 230 61 31 6.4 3.5 | -29.5 -21.1 230 65 34 6.1 3.3
29000 -27.7 -17.9 230 57 29 6.5 3.5 | -27.7 -17.9 230 62 32 6.1 3.3
28000 -25.7 -14.3 230 54 28 7.1 3.9 | -25.9 -14.6 230 58 30 6.6 3.6
27000 -23.4 -10.1 230 52 27 7.7 4.2 | -23.7 -10.7 230 55 29 7.2 4.0
26000 -21.2 -6.2 230 50 26 7.7 4.2 | -21.5 -6.7 230 53 27 7.3 4.0
25000 -18.9 -2.0 230 48 25 7.7 4.2 | -19.4 -2.9 230 50 26 7.3 4.0
24000 -16.6 2.1 230 46 24 7.6 4.2 | -17.2 1.0 230 49 25 7.2 4.0
23000 -14.2 6.4 230 45 23 7.6 4.2 | -14.9 5.2 225 47 24 7.3 4.0
22000 -11.9 10.6 230 43 22 7.8 4.3 | -12.7 9.1 225 46 24 7.6 4.2
21000 -10.1 13.8 230 41 21 5.6 3.1 | -10.9 12.4 230 44 23 5.6 3.1
20000 -8.4 16.9 230 40 20 5.6 3.1 | -9.2 15.4 230 42 22 5.6 3.1
19500 -7.5 18.5 230 39 20 5.6 3.1 | -8.3 17.1 230 41 21 5.6 3.1
19000 -6.7 19.9 230 38 19 6.4 3.5 | -7.5 18.5 230 40 20 6.1 3.3
18500 -5.6 21.9 230 37 19 6.8 3.7 | -6.5 20.3 230 39 20 6.3 3.5
18000 -4.6 23.7 230 36 18 6.8 3.7 | -5.6 21.9 235 38 20 6.4 3.5
17500 -3.6 25.5 230 34 18 6.9 3.8 | -4.7 23.5 235 38 19 5.2 2.9
17000 -2.5 27.5 230 33 17 7.0 3.8 | -3.9 25.0 235 38 19 5.4 3.0
16500 -1.5 29.3 230 32 16 4.9 2.7 | -3.1 26.4 235 38 19 6.1 3.4
16000 -0.9 30.4 235 30 16 4.2 2.3 | -2.2 28.0 235 39 20 6.6 3.6
15500 -0.0 32.0 235 28 15 4.3 2.4 | -0.7 30.7 235 40 21 8.3 4.6
15000 0.6 33.1 235 27 14 4.6 2.5 | 0.5 32.9 235 40 21 8.7 4.8
14500 1.2 34.2 235 26 13 6.1 3.4 | 1.7 35.1 235 40 20 7.7 4.2
14000 2.2 36.0 235 26 13 7.1 3.9 | 2.9 37.2 235 36 18 8.1 4.4
13500 3.1 37.6 235 25 13 6.3 3.5 | 4.1 39.4 235 32 17 7.1 3.9
13000 4.2 39.6 235 25 13 10.3 5.6 | 5.2 41.4 235 27 14 8.0 4.4
12500 5.6 42.1 235 25 13 9.7 5.3 | 6.3 43.3 235 21 11 7.6 4.2
12000 6.9 44.4 235 25 13 8.9 4.9 | 7.1 44.8 235 17 9 6.6 3.6
11750 7.6 45.7 235 25 13 10.8 5.9 | 7.6 45.7 230 16 8 9.4 5.2
11500 8.4 47.1 235 25 13 10.3 5.6 | 8.2 46.8 230 15 7 8.9 4.9
11250 9.1 48.4 235 25 13 7.5 4.1 | 8.9 48.0 225 14 7 9.5 5.2
11000 9.5 49.1 235 24 12 6.2 3.4 | 9.6 49.3 225 13 7 9.5 5.2
10750 9.9 49.8 235 24 12 4.7 2.6 | 10.3 50.5 225 13 7 10.2 5.6
10500 10.1 50.2 235 22 11 2.4 1.3 | 11.1 52.0 225 13 7 10.8 5.9
10250 10.2 50.4 235 21 11 -0.1 -0.0 | 11.8 53.2 225 13 6 10.4 5.7
10000 10.1 50.2 230 18 9 -2.2 -1.2 | 12.6 54.7 225 12 6 10.4 5.7
9750 9.9 49.8 230 16 8 -1.9 -1.0 | 13.4 56.1 225 12 6 9.9 5.4
9500 9.8 49.6 225 13 7 1.6 0.9 | 14.2 57.6 225 12 6 12.9 7.1
9250 10.3 50.5 220 10 5 11.6 6.4 | 15.5 59.9 225 11 6 23.8 13.1
9000 11.3 52.3 220 7 3 13.7 7.5 | 17.7 63.9 220 10 5 35.5 19.5
8750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
09/20/2024 at 1500 MDT | 09/20/2024 at 1800 MDT
|
CAPE... +3.1 LI... +1.2 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +0.9
CINH... -0.3 K Index... -12.8 | CINH... 0.0 K Index... -13.4
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -63.9 -83.0 245 48 25 2.5 1.4 | -64.2 -83.6 245 50 26 3.2 1.8
45000 -58.8 -73.8 240 77 39 5.4 3.0 | -58.5 -73.3 245 76 39 5.2 2.9
40000 -50.4 -58.7 235 88 45 6.8 3.7 | -50.4 -58.7 235 90 46 6.6 3.6
38000 -46.3 -51.3 230 87 45 6.8 3.7 | -46.5 -51.7 235 89 46 6.6 3.6
36000 -42.2 -44.0 230 87 45 6.8 3.7 | -42.5 -44.5 235 88 45 6.7 3.6
34000 -38.2 -36.8 230 84 43 6.8 3.7 | -38.3 -36.9 230 85 44 6.9 3.8
32000 -33.6 -28.5 225 79 41 6.7 3.7 | -33.6 -28.5 230 81 42 6.9 3.8
30000 -29.8 -21.6 225 72 37 6.1 3.4 | -30.0 -22.0 230 74 38 5.8 3.2
29000 -28.0 -18.4 225 68 35 6.2 3.4 | -28.3 -18.9 230 70 36 5.8 3.2
28000 -26.2 -15.2 225 64 33 6.6 3.6 | -26.6 -15.9 230 66 34 6.3 3.5
27000 -24.0 -11.2 225 61 31 7.2 3.9 | -24.5 -12.1 230 62 32 7.1 3.9
26000 -21.8 -7.2 225 57 29 7.2 3.9 | -22.4 -8.3 230 58 30 7.1 3.9
25000 -19.7 -3.5 225 54 28 7.2 4.0 | -20.3 -4.5 230 54 28 7.1 3.9
24000 -17.5 0.5 225 52 27 6.9 3.8 | -18.2 -0.8 230 51 26 6.7 3.7
23000 -15.4 4.3 225 51 26 7.0 3.8 | -16.1 3.0 230 49 25 6.8 3.8
22000 -13.3 8.1 225 49 25 7.2 3.9 | -14.0 6.8 230 46 24 7.0 3.8
21000 -11.5 11.3 230 46 24 5.6 3.1 | -12.0 10.4 235 43 22 6.3 3.5
20000 -9.8 14.4 235 43 22 5.6 3.1 | -10.1 13.8 235 39 20 6.3 3.5
19500 -8.9 16.0 235 42 21 5.6 3.1 | -9.2 15.4 235 37 19 6.3 3.5
19000 -8.1 17.4 240 40 21 5.3 2.9 | -8.2 17.2 240 36 18 7.3 4.0
18500 -7.3 18.9 240 39 20 5.2 2.8 | -7.1 19.2 240 35 18 7.7 4.2
18000 -6.6 20.1 240 38 19 5.2 2.9 | -5.9 21.4 240 34 17 7.8 4.3
17500 -5.7 21.7 240 37 19 6.8 3.7 | -4.8 23.4 240 33 17 7.2 4.0
17000 -4.8 23.4 240 36 18 6.8 3.8 | -3.7 25.3 235 32 17 7.3 4.0
16500 -3.8 25.2 240 35 18 7.5 4.1 | -2.6 27.3 235 32 16 7.6 4.2
16000 -2.7 27.1 240 33 17 7.9 4.3 | -1.5 29.3 235 31 16 7.7 4.2
15500 -1.0 30.2 235 31 16 9.1 5.0 | 0.2 32.4 230 30 16 8.2 4.5
15000 0.3 32.5 235 30 15 9.5 5.2 | 1.3 34.3 225 29 15 8.6 4.7
14500 1.5 34.7 235 28 15 8.2 4.5 | 2.4 36.3 225 29 15 7.5 4.1
14000 2.9 37.2 230 26 14 8.9 4.9 | 3.6 38.5 220 27 14 8.4 4.6
13500 4.2 39.6 225 25 13 7.6 4.2 | 4.8 40.6 220 26 13 7.4 4.1
13000 5.4 41.7 220 24 12 10.7 5.8 | 6.0 42.8 215 24 12 10.2 5.6
12500 6.9 44.4 215 23 12 10.0 5.5 | 7.4 45.3 215 23 12 9.7 5.3
12000 8.3 46.9 215 22 11 9.4 5.2 | 8.6 47.5 215 22 11 9.1 5.0
11750 9.1 48.4 215 22 11 11.0 6.0 | 9.4 48.9 215 22 11 10.5 5.8
11500 9.9 49.8 215 22 11 10.6 5.8 | 10.2 50.4 215 22 11 10.2 5.6
11250 10.6 51.1 215 22 11 10.3 5.6 | 10.9 51.6 215 22 11 9.8 5.4
11000 11.4 52.5 215 21 11 9.9 5.5 | 11.6 52.9 215 21 11 9.3 5.1
10750 12.1 53.8 215 21 11 10.2 5.6 | 12.3 54.1 215 21 11 10.1 5.6
10500 12.9 55.2 210 21 11 10.3 5.7 | 13.1 55.6 215 21 11 10.8 5.9
10250 13.7 56.7 210 21 11 10.3 5.6 | 13.9 57.0 210 21 11 10.0 5.5
10000 14.4 57.9 210 20 10 10.2 5.6 | 14.6 58.3 210 20 10 9.5 5.2
9750 15.2 59.4 210 20 10 10.3 5.7 | 15.3 59.5 210 19 10 9.8 5.4
9500 16.1 61.0 210 19 10 13.4 7.4 | 16.1 61.0 210 19 10 10.7 5.8
9250 17.3 63.1 210 18 9 22.7 12.5 | 16.9 62.4 210 17 9 11.6 6.4
9000 19.5 67.1 210 15 8 37.7 20.7 | 17.7 63.9 210 12 6 10.1 5.6
8750 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8500 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8250 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
8000 M M M M M M M | M M M M M M M
________________________________________________________________________________
This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC). It is not continuously monitored nor updated after its initial
issuance.
The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken near Villa Grove, Colorado at:
North Latitude: 38 deg 16 min 03 sec
West Longitude: 105 deg 53 min 37 sec
Elevation: 7986 feet (2434 meters)
and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the
Colorado Rocky Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.
The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger
values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or
greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
convective activity develop.
CIN (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative
this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This
inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)
Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
produced by surface heating only.
Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a
"trigger temperature" for that level.
Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.
Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and
existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
waves.
K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger
positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding
soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
and is reproduced in the following table:
below -10 no or weak thermals
-10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
5 to 15 good soaring conditions
15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers
20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
probability of showers and thunderstorms
above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms
Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
inversions.
Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.
Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with
positive values showing stable conditions.
Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is
computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
are applied to these calculations.
Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.
Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It
is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments
are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment.
Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that
between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind speed no longer increases with height
PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.
Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
and the time of overdevelopment.
Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values
are indicative of thermal lift.
Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:
Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating
>= 800 fpm Excellent
>= 400 and < 800 fpm Good
>= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair
< 200 fpm Poor
Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
3. initiation of widespread precipitation
Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
reach the trigger temperature.
Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.
Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to
these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
movements.
042613