-- Discussion containing changed information from previous version are highlighted. --
185
FXUS63 KBIS 172330
AFDBIS

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Bismarck ND
630 PM CDT Tue Sep 17 2024

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are possible across
  western into central North Dakota this evening and tonight.

- An active pattern continues through the week, with low to
  medium chances for showers and thunderstorms most days.

- A cooling trend is forecast for the end of the work week and
  into the weekend, with highs in the 60s by the weekend.

&&

.UPDATE...
-- Changed Discussion --
Issued at 611 PM CDT Tue Sep 17 2024

No significant changes for the early evening update. Convection
has developed over eastern Montana, near Glendive. Convection is
also moving through Northeast Wyoming at this time. MLCIN has
dissipated over southeast Montana and into far southwest ND but
MLCIN remains just to the east of here. DCAPE of 1000-1200 J/KG
over the MONDAK area so damaging winds would be the greatest
threat over southwest ND. The main question is how far east the
wind threat would extend as activity lifts into southwest ND
this evening.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 225 PM CDT Tue Sep 17 2024

At the moment, surface low pressure sits across eastern Montana,
while a deep upper level trough spans much of the western CONUS,
slowly moving northeast throughout the day. Low stratus across the
north continues to slowly dissipate, while winds continue to
increase in speed as daytime heating continues. Temperatures
this afternoon mostly range from the lower to upper 80s, with a
few areas in the west and south central potentially exceeding
90. Some portions of the central and James River Valley regions
could see some rather humid conditions, with minimum relative
humidity values in these areas ranging from 60-70%.

As the surface low slowly moves northeast, a warm front associated
with this low is expected to slowly press north, moving into
southern North Dakota later this evening. Decent height falls
extending into our west along with 0-6 km bulk shear values in the
30 to 40 kt range will help aid in the formation of some showers and
thunderstorms along this front. Instability remains marginal at this
time, with the main corridor of maximum MUCAPE (with values ranging
from 1500 to 2500 J/kg) displaced ahead of the front, across our
northern tiers of counties. The SPC has outlined a Slight Risk
(level 2 of 5) for severe thunderstorms across our far southwest,
with a Marginal Risk (level 1 of 5) extending a bit further east,
covering essentially the western third of the state. This threat is
rather conditional and dependent on two different things: the
evolution of the storms prior to entering the state, and the timing
of the front itself. Our current thinking is that these storms will
mostly be forming and strengthening in South Dakota, as indicated by
the most recent CAMs runs, so if these storms can get going prior to
entering the area, there`s a better chance they`ll remain severe as
they enter. However, the timing of the front also adds another layer
of complexity, as it seems like the most recent high resolution
models have slowed this front down a bit, with some models
suggesting an arrival time closer to midnight, perhaps around 10 or
11 PM. While prefrontal development of showers are certainly
possible, guidance is suggesting that this will be a mostly
nocturnal event, limiting the severe threat as the instability will
begin to decrease prior to the arrival of the storms. The nocturnal
low level jet is forecast to kick in later on in the night, but by
the time this jet is maximized, the line of showers and
thunderstorms will be well displaced from the shear maximum,
stretching across our northern tier of counties. Some late
re-intensification could occur, but it shouldn`t be too much of
a concern. Overall, the threat is certainly there, but remains
heavily conditional. Modest DCAPE along with relatively steep
low level lapse rates leads to the possibility for 60 mph wind
gusts and half dollar sized hail as the main threats. If severe
weather doesn`t occur, some showers and thunderstorms may still
roll through the area from the south (with chances ranging from
40-60%), moving north through the overnight hours.

Precipitation chances will linger across the west and central on
Wednesday, as the surface low continues to slowly move northeast.
The upper level trough will continue to move northeast as well,
helping filter in some cooler air as it does so. As a result, we can
expect to see the beginning of a cooling trend on Wednesday, where
high temperatures are forecast to mostly be in the 70s and lower
80s. With the approach of the surface low, the surface pressure
gradient is forecast to tighten as well, bringing about some breezy
to windy conditions across the entire area. Southerly winds are
forecast to be around 25 mph at times, with gusts up to 30 to 35
mph. Lows overnight into Thursday will stay mostly within the 50s.

Through the end of the work week and into the weekend, we can expect
to see continued cooling temperatures. As the initially mentioned
upper trough moves off to the northeast through the second half of
the week, troughing is forecast to quickly take its place to our
north, continuing to filter in cooler air to the area. At the same
time, another deep upper level low is forecast to drop south across
the west coast, before drifting slowly towards the east, across the
southern Rockies. These features will help keep much of the Northern
Plains under southwesterly flow aloft, which will result in a
somewhat active period of weather. Near daily chances (mostly 15-
30%) for showers and thunderstorms continue through this period,
though the chances for anything severe diminish quite a bit given
the lower temperatures and weaker forcing. For temperatures,
Thursday and Friday will continue to see highs mostly in the 70s,
with perhaps a very slight warmup on Friday as very subtle ridging
nudges its way between the two troughs. However, Saturday and Sunday
will see cooling once again, with temperatures decreasing into
mostly the 60s. Overnight lows may drop into the 40s during this
time as well.

&&

.AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/...
-- Changed Discussion --
Issued at 611 PM CDT Tue Sep 17 2024

VFR conditions to begin the 00Z TAF period. Low stratus remains
around the Turtle Mountains and may expand later this evening
and overnight, but at this time the consensus is that it will
remain north of KMOT. Otherwise mostly high cirrus to begin the
TAF period with scattered thunderstorms lifting south to north
later this evening and overnight. Included a tempo for Thunder
at KXWA, KDIK, KMOT and KBIS but higher probability looks to
remain over western ND. Did also include a VCSH at KJMS. Breezy
to windy conditions through the forecast period. Southeast winds
ahead of the convection shift more southerly behind the
convection. Windy south winds 15 to 30 knot late Wednesday morning
and through the afternoon.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.BIS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.

&&

$$

UPDATE...TWH
DISCUSSION...Besson
AVIATION...TWH