Area Forecast Discussion
Issued by NWS St. Louis, MO
Issued by NWS St. Louis, MO
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257 FXUS63 KLSX 252033 AFDLSX Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Saint Louis MO 333 PM CDT Tue Jun 25 2024 .KEY MESSAGES... - Dangerous levels of heat will continue through early this evening for portions of the area, as heat index values climb to around 105 degrees. A Heat Advisory remains in effect through this evening where confidence is highest in these values and impacts. - Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are expected this evening and/or overnight. A few of these storms may become strong to severe, with the main threat being damaging wind gusts. && .SHORT TERM... (Through Wednesday) Issued at 332 PM CDT Tue Jun 25 2024 A cold front is currently stretched west to east across Iowa and far northern Illinois. Convection just ahead of the front from this morning has maintained itself into the afternoon and formed several outflow boundaries that are moving southward over the CWA. South of the front and outflows is a hot airmass with widespread temperatures in the mid to upper 90s, with locations within the St. Louis metro currently around 100 degrees. With dew points in the upper 60s to low 70s, this heat has yielded 3,000+ J/kg of SBCAPE per recent SPC mesoanalysis. While this amount of instability ahead of outflow boundaries and among ongoing convection is concerning, 0-6 km bulk shear remains relatively weak (20 kts or less), leading to updrafts being mostly short-lived baring an organized cold pool. Given the inverted "V" seen in local soundings among models and ACARS out of Lambert Airport (KSTL), damaging wind gusts continue to be the primary concern with any convection this afternoon. While severe hail (1" in diameter) is possible, the freezing level and warm low- level temperatures will likely make it quite difficult for severe- size hail stones to reach the surface. This threat will be mostly confined to west-central Illinois in the near this afternoon. A complicated convective scenario remains for this evening and tonight across the area. Currently, a weak shortwave/MCV is drifting eastward toward the CWA across western Missouri. There is a low chance that this feature may produce isolated convection across portions of central and eastern Missouri late this afternoon and evening, and if this occurs, the primary threat would be damaging wind gusts. Additional convection is expected along the cold front later tonight as it sags further southward toward the area. Instability will have decreased, but still be on the order of around 1,500 J/kg for MUCAPE. Shear will remain weaker at around 20 kts, leading to multicell convection that CAMs show congealing across Iowa and moving south-southeastward toward the CWA as an MCS. This round of convection has the greatest chance to be strong to severe where it tracks, with the main threat being damaging wind gusts. CAMs have varied with the track and timing of this MCS, though at least have been consistently trending slower with the system. Current thinking is that it will move into the CWA around 3am and exit through Wednesday morning. The front will slowly move through and exit the CWA in the wake of the convection tomorrow morning, with northerly low-level flow advecting cooler air into the CWA. This, paired with lingering cloud cover for portions of the area, will keep temperatures relatively cooler CWA-wide, with afternoon temperatures remaining in the mid to upper-80s. Elmore && .LONG TERM... (Thursday through Next Tuesday) Issued at 332 PM CDT Tue Jun 25 2024 The consensus among ensemble clusters and deterministic guidance is that upper-level ridging will gradually build back into the Middle Mississippi Valley on Thursday. As a result, high pressure at the surface will shift eastward, causing low-level flow to become increasingly southerly-southeasterly. While the more southeasterly component of the winds does not support robust warm- air advection, a majority of global ensemble members show 850 mb temperatures rising by a couple of degrees through the day, climatologically favoring a slight bump in temperatures at the surface compared to Wednesday mainly along and south of I-70. The upper-level ridge builds further into the region on Friday as a trough digs across the Northern Plains. Upper-level flow over the Middle Mississippi Valley will become increasingly southwesterly, and the previously mentioned surface high will continue to shift eastward. Low-level flow will become more southerly, advecting warmer air into the region and pushing 850 mb temperatures to at least 20 degrees C (roughly the 25th percentile of ensemble guidance). The result will be a return of surface temperatures in the low to mid-90s. However, a potential limiting factor to this heat is convection during the day associated with a shortwave traversing the northern periphery of the ridge. If this convection and/or convective debris passes through the CWA, we could see resulting temperatures 5-10 degrees cooler than currently forecast. Guidance consensus is that a cold front associated with the main upper-level trough will move through the region sometime Saturday as the trough traverses the Upper-Midwest. At this lead time, spread is understandably large in the timing of this front. If the front is quicker, temperatures on Saturday may only top out in the low to mid- 80s. If the front is slower, temperatures may reach the low to mid- 90s. Regardless, quasi-zonal to northwesterly flow aloft and northerly surface flow behind the front will keep temperatures cooler for at least Sunday before ridging builds back in to the region early next week, marking the return of a period of heat. Elmore && .AVIATION... (For the 18z TAFs through 18z Wednesday Afternoon) Issued at 1220 PM CDT Tue Jun 25 2024 A complicated scenario is expected this TAF period, with multiple rounds of thunderstorms possible at all local terminals. Currently, thunderstorms are ongoing over portions of northeastern Missouri and west-central Illinois, impacting the area around KUIN. These thunderstorms are expected to sink southward this afternoon - possibly impacting KSUS, KSTL, and/or KCPS. However, confidence in impacts at these terminals is low at this time. Another round of storms is expected overnight, but the timing is uncertain. The current timing in the TAFs represent the window in which confidence is highest in impacts. However, each of the local terminals could experience multiple rounds overnight, potentially sooner and/or later than currently indicated. Main concerns for impacts to any local terminals with thunderstorms is reductions in visibility, lightning, and gusty winds. Thunderstorm chances are expected to diminish late tomorrow morning. Elmore && .CLIMATE... Issued at 353 AM CDT Mon Jun 24 2024 With hot temperatures forecast, here are some of the daily high temperature records: MON JUN 24 TUE JUN 25 ST LOUIS 102 in 1988 102 in 1954 COLUMBIA 103 in 1988 102 in 1988 QUINCY 99 in 1988 102 in 1931 && .LSX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MO...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for Audrain MO-Boone MO-Callaway MO-Cole MO-Crawford MO-Franklin MO-Gasconade MO- Iron MO-Jefferson MO-Lincoln MO-Madison MO-Moniteau MO- Montgomery MO-Osage MO-Reynolds MO-Saint Charles MO-Saint Francois MO-Saint Louis City MO-Saint Louis MO-Sainte Genevieve MO-Warren MO-Washington MO. IL...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for Bond IL-Clinton IL- Fayette IL-Madison IL-Marion IL-Monroe IL-Randolph IL-Saint Clair IL-Washington IL. && $$ WFO LSX