342
FXUS07 KWBC 302000
PMD30D
Prognostic Discussion for Monthly Outlook
NWS Climate Prediction Center College Park MD
300 PM EST Sun Nov 30 2025


30-DAY OUTLOOK DISCUSSION FOR DECEMBER 2025

The updated December 2025 Monthly Outlook is based on the latest dynamical
model guidance, including CFSv2 forecasts for the month of December, as well as
the Weather Prediction Center (WPC) temperature and precipitation forecasts for
the first week of the month, the CPC 6-10 day and 8-14 day temperature and
precipitation outlooks, and the latest CPC Week 3-4 Outlook (valid December
13-26).



An ongoing La Nia background state continues over the equatorial Pacific and
is expected to impact the climate of North America in December. The latest
weekly Nio 3.4 index is -0.8 degrees Celsius (C). The Madden Julian
Oscillation (MJO) remains active, with enhanced convection over the Western
Pacific in Phase 7. While earlier in November, there had been little eastward
propagation of the convective phase of MJO as it interacted with the La Nia
base state, recently the MJO signal has amplified and begun to propagate
eastward. Dynamical model forecasts predict continued eastward propagation in
early December, followed by a de-amplification of the real-time multivariate
MJO (RMM) index in Phase 8. The impacts of MJO and La Nia were considered in
the updated December Monthly Outlook.



The updated December temperature outlook continues to slightly favor above
normal temperatures for the eastern Aleutians, the west coast of Mainland
Alaska, and parts of the North Slope, consistent with the latest forecasts from
the CFSv2 for December and decadal trends. Below normal temperatures are now
favored for eastern interior Mainland Alaska, given persistent temperature
forecasts from dynamical models throughout the month. The updated December
outlook for Southeast Alaska indicates Equal Chances (EC) for above, near, and
below-normal temperatures due to uncertainty in the forecast. While La Nia and
MJO impacts typically favor below normal temperatures for Southeast Alaska,
above normal temperatures are forecast for the first week of the month by
dynamical models. Above normal temperatures continue to be favored across most
of the southern contiguous U.S. (CONUS), while below normal temperatures are
indicated across the north-central and northeastern CONUS, consistent with La
Nia conditions and recent CFSv2 forecasts. Temperature anomalies over the
western CONUS are predicted to be slightly positive in the first week of
December, increasing in magnitude in the second week, with relatively weak
signals in the second half of the month, leading to slightly enhanced
probabilities of above normal temperatures in the recent Week 3-4 Outlook.
Enhanced probabilities for above normal temperatures are forecast for the month
of December as a whole for the Southwest, Great Basin, and Central and Southern
Rockies, consistent with the CFSv2 forecasts, while EC is indicated for the
Pacific coast and Pacific Northwest, where there is greater uncertainty. Above
normal temperatures are also likely for parts of the Southeast, where there is
a reliable La Nia signal and consistency with the CFSv2 temperature forecast
and the CPC Week 3-4 Outlook. Below normal temperatures are favored from parts
of the Northern Plains across the Midwest and Northeast in the updated December
outlook, consistent with the latest WPC (week 1) and CPC (weeks 2-4)
subseasonal outlooks. The WPC outlook for the first week of the month predicts
negative temperature anomalies for much of the north-central and northeastern
CONUS, similar to the CPC 8-14 day outlook. The CPC Week 3-4 Outlook slightly
favors below normal over most of the same area.



The updated December precipitation outlook favors above normal precipitation
for interior Mainland Alaska, consistent with dynamical model forecasts for the
first week of December and the CFSv2 precipitation forecast for the month. EC
is indicated for the coasts of Mainland Alaska where there is variability in
precipitation forecasts throughout the month and conflicting tools. Above
normal precipitation continues to be favored for the Northern Rockies across
the northern tier into the Great Lakes region, consistent with the latest CFSv2
model guidance and the impacts of La Nia. EC is now indicated across the
Southwest and West Texas for December, where the WPC outlook predicts
precipitation early in the month and CPC outlooks show weak signals later in
the month. Below normal precipitation is slightly favored for parts of the
Central Plains in the December update, consistent with CFSv2 precipitation
forecasts and the CPC week 2 outlook. Above normal monthly precipitation is
likely in a swath extending from the western Gulf coast across Louisiana and
interior areas of the Southeast, where the WPC outlook predicts precipitation
amounts in the first week of December that approach the climatological
threshold for above normal precipitation for the entire month of December.
Below normal precipitation is favored over the Florida Peninsula, where the WPC
week 1 precipitation outlook, CFSv2 monthly precipitation, and the CPC Week 3-4
Outlook are consistent. Above normal precipitation is slightly favored for the
northeastern CONUS in December, consistent with the CPC 6-10 day and week 3-4
outlooks.



******* The previous discussion, released on November 20, is below  *******



The December 2025 Monthly Outlook was made with ongoing La Nia conditions
expected to continue into winter. The most recent weekly Nio 3.4 sea surface
temperature (SST) anomaly is about -0.7 degrees Celsius. SST anomalies in the
central and east-central equatorial Pacific Ocean remain negative. Outgoing
longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies were negative over the far western Pacific
Ocean, associated with enhanced convection and precipitation over parts of the
Maritime Continent. Positive OLR anomalies, indicating suppressed convection
and precipitation, were present near the International Date Line, consistent
with La Nia conditions. Low-level (850-hPa) easterly trade winds were enhanced
over the western and east-central equatorial Pacific, also consistent with La
Nia conditions. Upper-level (200-hPa) wind anomalies were westerly over most
of the equatorial Pacific Ocean in recent weeks. Negative subsurface ocean
temperature anomalies persisted near the surface in the central and eastern
equatorial Pacific Ocean, increasing the likelihood of persistent La Nia
conditions. Dynamical model forecasts and the CPC El Nio Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) Outlook predict La Nia conditions are most likely to persist for the
December-January-February winter season with a probability slightly greater
than 50 percent. However, La Nia conditions are most likely to end in the
January-February-March season with a probability greater than 60 percent.
Although this La Nia is likely to remain weak and be of short duration,
predictability of the December climate outlook is largely due to current La
Nia conditions.



Recently, the upper-level polar vortex has become displaced from the pole and
elongated over North America. Recent forecasts from the ECMWF model predict
enhanced probabilities of a rare November sudden stratospheric warming (SSW),
and propagation of atmospheric temperature anomalies to the surface in polar
regions, resulting in a negative Arctic Oscillation (AO). Forecasts of the
potential SSW event remain uncertain and change from model run to run. Although
there is still substantial uncertainty, an SSW could greatly impact the climate
outlook for December over North America.



The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) has recently been active with enhanced
convection currently over the far Western Pacific Ocean. Dynamical models such
as the ECMWF predict the potential propagation of the MJO signal eastward into
the Western Pacific. The MJO in this phase enhances the chances of cold air
intrusion into the north-central contiguous United States (CONUS) in early
December extending into the Northeast with time. The combined influence of the
MJO, La Nia, and a possible SSW were considered in the December climate
outlook.



The December temperature and precipitation outlooks were based primarily on
dynamical model and statistical model forecasts. Dynamical model forecasts for
the month of December are from the North America Multimodel Ensemble (NMME). In
addition to the NMME, a consolidation of model forecasts was utilized, which
includes the following statistical tools: the Canonical Correlation Analysis
(CCA), the Constructed Analog (CA), and an ENSO OCN tool, that combines the
impact of ENSO, based on the CPC SST consolidation predicted median Nio 3.4
SST anomaly, with the Optimum Climate Normal (OCN) to represent decadal trends.
Daily initialized forecasts from the Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) dynamical
model for the month of December and the most recent ECMWF and GEFS dynamical
model forecasts for the week 3-4 period that overlaps the beginning of the
month of December were also considered. Recent boundary conditions, including
coastal SSTs, and soil moisture anomalies, were additional factors considered
in the outlook.



The December outlook favors above normal temperatures for the eastern
Aleutians, western Mainland Alaska, and the North Slope, consistent with
dynamical model guidance from the NMME and CFSv2, as well as decadal climate
trends. Below normal temperatures are favored for parts of southeastern
Mainland Alaska and Southeast Alaska, consistent with dynamical model forecasts
from the NMME and CFSv2, as well as the combined impacts of La Nia and the
predicted propagation of the MJO into the Western Pacific. The temperature
pattern over the CONUS in the December outlook is consistent with the La Nia
base state modified by the impacts of MJO and a potential SSW. Above normal
temperatures are favored across the southern tier from California, across the
Southwest, into the Gulf Coast region and Southeast. Probabilities exceed 50
percent over parts of the Desert Southwest and Rio Grande valley, consistent
with recent temperature forecasts from the CFSv2, the consolidation, and
decadal trends. Probabilities for above normal temperatures for this region are
also enhanced by the correlation between predicted below normal precipitation
and above normal temperatures. Probabilities for above normal temperatures over
much of California and Nevada are reduced, due to uncertainty related to an
active MJO and ECMWF and GEFS forecasts for the first half of the month that
show weak signals over much of the West. Probabilities favoring above normal
temperatures over the Southeast and parts of the Mid-Atlantic coast are
consistent with the impacts of La Nia. Below normal temperatures are favored
for the northern CONUS from northern Washington across the Northern Rockies
into the northern Great Plains, the Great Lakes region, and along the Canadian
border of the Northeast, based on recent forecasts from the CFSv2 model for
December, as well as forecasts for the first half of December from the ECMWF
model. The predicted temperature pattern is largely consistent with the
combined influences of La Nia and MJO propagation into the Western Pacific.
Development of an SSW would substantially increase the probabilities of below
normal temperatures over the central CONUS.



The December outlook favors above normal precipitation for the eastern
Aleutians, western Mainland Alaska, and parts of the North Slope, consistent
with the consolidation of dynamical and statistical model precipitation
forecasts and decadal trends. Below normal precipitation is favored for the
southeastern coast of Mainland Alaska including Southeast Alaska, consistent
with dynamical model forecasts for December, La Nia, and impacts of a Western
Pacific MJO. Above normal precipitation is favored over much of the
northwestern CONUS from eastern areas of the Pacific Northwest to the northern
High Plains, consistent with the CFSv2 forecast for December and the ECMWF
forecast for the first half of the month. Equal Chances (EC) of above and below
normal precipitation is indicated closer to the coast of the Pacific Northwest,
where the December consolidation forecast and the CPC Week 3-4 Outlook indicate
uncertainty in the precipitation signal. Above normal precipitation is also
favored for the Ohio Valley, Great Lakes region, and Northeast, consistent with
dynamical model forecasts for the first two weeks of December and possible
impacts of an active MJO in the Western Pacific and a potential SSW. Below
normal precipitation is favored for eastern areas of the Southwest, including
parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, and for parts of the Southeast Gulf and
Atlantic coasts, consistent with canonical impacts of La Nia and predicted by
the NMME and consolidation forecasts. There is greater uncertainty, indicated
by EC, in the precipitation outlook for California and western areas of the
Southwest.

FORECASTER: Dan Collins

The climatic normals are based on conditions between 1991 and 2020, following
the World Meteorological Organization convention of using the most recent 3
complete decades as the climate reference period.  The probability anomalies
for temperature and precipitation based on these new normals better represent
shorter term climatic anomalies than the forecasts based on older normals.

The next monthly outlook...for Jan ... will be issued on Thu Dec 18 2025

These outlooks are based on departures from the 1991-2020 base period.
$$