Routine Fire Wx Fcst (With/Without 6-10 Day Outlook)
Issued by NWS Boise, ID
Issued by NWS Boise, ID
289 FNUS55 KBOI 152031 FWFBOI Fire Weather Planning Forecast for SW Idaho and SE Oregon National Weather Service Boise ID 231 PM MDT Sat Jun 15 2024 ...GUSTY WINDS THIS EVENING... .DISCUSSION... Gusty winds through this evening will gradually subside overnight. Breezy northwest winds are expected on Sunday, but will not be as gusty as today. A low pressure system will bring showers, cool temperatures, and breezy to locally windy conditions on Monday. Snow showers and some snow accumulations are expected in the mountains above 5500 feet. Drier and warmer conditions return by midweek and last through the end of the week. IDZ401-402-161045- Western Payette National Forest-Eastern Payette National Forest- 231 PM MDT Sat Jun 15 2024 .TONIGHT... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy. Min temperature.....26 to 38. 24 hr trend......On average, 15 degrees cooler. Max humidity........66 to 82 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 9 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 11 to 17 mph. Gusts to 24 mph in the evening, decreasing to 16 mph after midnight. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 11 to 17 mph. Gusts to 28 mph in the evening, decreasing to 16 mph after midnight. Haines Index........2 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......200-700 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 5 to 15 mph. .SUNDAY... Sky/weather.........Mostly sunny in the morning, then becoming mostly cloudy in the afternoon. Max temperature.....46 to 61. 24 hr trend......On average, 8 degrees cooler. Min humidity........20 to 30 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 4 percent drier. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Light upslope winds less than 8 mph in the morning, becoming west 8 to 9 mph with gusts to 16 mph in the afternoon. Ridges/upr slopes....Light winds less than 8 mph in the morning, becoming west 8 to 10 mph with gusts to 18 mph in the afternoon. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......6500-8500 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Southwest 10 to 15 mph. .SUNDAY NIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy. Rain and snow showers likely, mainly after midnight. Chance of precipitation 60 percent. Snow accumulation up to 2 inches above 5500 feet. Min temperature.....29 to 40. 24 hr trend......On average, 3 degrees warmer. Max humidity........77 to 90 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 10 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...North 8 to 12 mph with gusts to 22 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....North 8 to 12 mph with gusts to 22 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....40 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......400-900 ft AGL. Transport Winds....North 10 to 15 mph. .MONDAY... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy with rain and snow showers likely. A slight chance of thunderstorms in the afternoon. Chance of precipitation 70 percent. Snow accumulation up to 3 inches above 5500 feet. Max temperature.....38 to 53. 24 hr trend......On average, 9 degrees cooler. Min humidity........43 to 63 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 30 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 8 to 14 mph with gusts to 20 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 8 to 14 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1 in the morning, increasing to 2 in the afternoon. CWR /0.10 inch/.....60 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......3000-4000 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 10 to 15 mph. $$ = IDZ403-161045- Northern Boise National Forest- 231 PM MDT Sat Jun 15 2024 .TONIGHT... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy. Min temperature.....28 to 38. 24 hr trend......On average, 16 degrees cooler. Max humidity........58 to 73 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 3 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 8 to 14 mph with gusts to 24 mph in the evening, becoming light downslope less than 8 mph after midnight. Ridges/upr slopes....West 10 to 16 mph with gusts to 26 mph in the evening, becoming light after midnight. Haines Index........2 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......200-700 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 5 to 15 mph. .SUNDAY... Sky/weather.........Partly sunny. Max temperature.....46 to 61. 24 hr trend......On average, 8 degrees cooler. Min humidity........18 to 25 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 5 percent drier. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Light upslope winds less than 8 mph in the morning, becoming west 8 to 9 mph with gusts to 16 mph in the afternoon. Ridges/upr slopes....Light winds less than 8 mph in the morning, becoming southwest 8 to 10 mph with gusts to 18 mph in the afternoon. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......6500-8500 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Southwest 10 to 15 mph. .SUNDAY NIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy. A 50 percent chance of rain and snow showers after midnight. Min temperature.....29 to 38. 24 hr trend......On average, 2 degrees warmer. Max humidity........78 to 88 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 17 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest around 8 mph in the evening, becoming light downslope less than 8 mph after midnight. Gusts to 16 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....West 8 to 10 mph in the evening, becoming light after midnight. Gusts to 18 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....20 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......400-900 ft AGL. Transport Winds....North 5 to 15 mph. .MONDAY... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy with rain and snow showers likely. A slight chance of thunderstorms in the afternoon. Chance of precipitation 70 percent. Snow accumulation up to 2 inches above 5500 feet. Max temperature.....38 to 53. 24 hr trend......On average, 10 degrees cooler. Min humidity........45 to 60 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 31 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 8 to 12 mph with gusts to 18 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 8 to 13 mph with gusts to 20 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1 in the morning, increasing to 2 in the afternoon. CWR /0.10 inch/.....50 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......4000-6000 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 10 to 15 mph. $$ = IDZ421-161045- Southern Boise National Forest/Western Sawtooth National Forest- 231 PM MDT Sat Jun 15 2024 .TONIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy in the evening, then becoming partly cloudy after midnight. Min temperature.....33 to 40, except 30 to 35 above 6500 feet. 24 hr trend......On average, 15 degrees cooler. Max humidity........46 to 61 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 2 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 14 to 20 mph with gusts to 34 mph in the evening, decreasing to 8 to 9 mph with gusts to 18 mph after midnight. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 13 to 19 mph with gusts to 32 mph in the evening, becoming north 8 to 9 mph after midnight. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......200-300 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 5 to 20 mph. .SUNDAY... Sky/weather.........Mostly sunny. Max temperature.....56 to 66, except 48 to 56 above 6500 feet. 24 hr trend......On average, 9 degrees cooler. Min humidity........18 to 24 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 6 percent drier. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...West 8 to 13 mph. Gusts to 16 mph in the morning, increasing to 24 mph in the afternoon. Ridges/upr slopes....West 8 to 13 mph with gusts to 20 mph. Haines Index........4 low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......5500-7000 ft AGL. Transport Winds....West 10 to 15 mph. .SUNDAY NIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy. A chance of rain and snow showers after midnight. Chance of precipitation 30 percent. Min temperature.....34 to 39, except 30 to 35 above 6500 feet. 24 hr trend......On average, unchanged. Max humidity........62 to 82 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 19 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 8 to 11 mph. Gusts to 24 mph in the evening. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 8 to 13 mph with gusts to 20 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....10 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......200-700 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 10 to 25 mph. .MONDAY... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy with a chance of rain and snow showers. A slight chance of thunderstorms in the afternoon. Chance of precipitation 40 percent. Max temperature.....46 to 57, except 37 to 45 above 6500 feet. 24 hr trend......On average, 10 degrees cooler. Min humidity........34 to 49 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 23 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...West 18 to 24 mph. Gusts to 30 mph in the morning, increasing to 36 mph in the afternoon. Ridges/upr slopes....West 18 to 24 mph with gusts to 34 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1 in the morning, increasing to 2 in the afternoon. CWR /0.10 inch/.....30 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......4000-6000 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 15 to 30 mph. $$ = IDZ400-161045- Northern Boise BLM- 231 PM MDT Sat Jun 15 2024 .TONIGHT... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy. Min temperature.....38 to 44. 24 hr trend......On average, 13 degrees cooler. Max humidity........59 to 70 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 7 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...North 10 to 16 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....North 10 to 16 mph with gusts to 26 mph. Haines Index........2 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......200-300 ft AGL. Transport Winds....North 10 to 20 mph. .SUNDAY... Sky/weather.........Partly sunny. Max temperature.....59 to 70. 24 hr trend......On average, 9 degrees cooler. Min humidity........18 to 23 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, unchanged. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Light upslope winds less than 8 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 8 to 9 mph in the morning, becoming light in the afternoon. Gusts to 16 mph. Haines Index........4 low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......6500-8500 ft AGL. Transport Winds....West 10 to 15 mph. .SUNDAY NIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy. A chance of rain showers, mainly after midnight. Chance of showers 30 percent. Min temperature.....39 to 47. 24 hr trend......On average, 2 degrees warmer. Max humidity........67 to 80 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 9 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 10 to 16 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 26 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....10 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......500-1000 ft AGL. Transport Winds....North 10 to 20 mph. .MONDAY... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy with a chance of rain showers. A slight chance of thunderstorms in the afternoon. Chance of precipitation 40 percent. Max temperature.....55 to 66. 24 hr trend......On average, 5 degrees cooler. Min humidity........28 to 38 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 13 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 10 to 16 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 10 to 16 mph with gusts to 26 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1 in the morning, increasing to 2 in the afternoon. CWR /0.10 inch/.....20 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......6000-8000 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 10 to 20 mph. $$ = IDZ420-424-161045- Treasure Valley BLM-Western Twin Falls BLM- 231 PM MDT Sat Jun 15 2024 .TONIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy in the evening, then becoming partly cloudy after midnight. Min temperature.....41 to 46. 24 hr trend......On average, 13 degrees cooler. Max humidity........45 to 62 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 5 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 15 to 21 mph. Gusts to 32 mph in the evening, decreasing to 20 mph after midnight. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 15 to 21 mph. Gusts to 34 mph in the evening. Haines Index........2 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......200-300 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 10 to 20 mph. .SUNDAY... Sky/weather.........Mostly sunny. Max temperature.....66 to 72. 24 hr trend......On average, 9 degrees cooler. Min humidity........15 to 20 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, unchanged. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 8 to 13 mph with gusts to 22 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....West 8 to 13 mph. Gusts to 18 mph in the morning, increasing to 24 mph in the afternoon. Haines Index........4 low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......6000-7500 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 10 to 20 mph. .SUNDAY NIGHT... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy in the evening, then mostly cloudy with a 20 percent chance of rain showers after midnight. Min temperature.....41 to 46. 24 hr trend......On average, unchanged. Max humidity........61 to 74 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 13 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 26 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....10 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......300-800 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 15 to 30 mph. .MONDAY... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy with a 20 percent chance of rain showers. Max temperature.....57 to 66. 24 hr trend......On average, 8 degrees cooler. Min humidity........22 to 30 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 9 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Breezy. Northwest 20 to 26 mph with gusts to 34 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 20 to 26 mph with gusts to 36 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....10 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......7000-9000 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 15 to 30 mph. $$ = IDZ423-426-161045- Owyhee Mountains-Southern Highlands- 231 PM MDT Sat Jun 15 2024 .TONIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy in the evening, then becoming partly cloudy after midnight. Min temperature.....35 to 44. 24 hr trend......On average, 15 degrees cooler. Max humidity........50 to 63 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 6 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 13 to 19 mph. Gusts to 30 mph in the evening. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 13 to 19 mph. Gusts to 30 mph in the evening. Haines Index........2 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......300-700 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 10 to 15 mph. .SUNDAY... Sky/weather.........Mostly sunny. Max temperature.....62 to 72. 24 hr trend......On average, 9 degrees cooler. Min humidity........15 to 24 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 2 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 8 to 12 mph with gusts to 22 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 8 to 12 mph. Gusts to 22 mph in the afternoon. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......5500-7500 ft AGL. Transport Winds....West 10 to 20 mph. .SUNDAY NIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy in the evening, then partly cloudy with a chance of rain and snow showers after midnight. Chance of precipitation 30 percent. Min temperature.....34 to 43. 24 hr trend......On average, unchanged. Max humidity........64 to 81 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 17 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....10 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......400-900 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 15 to 30 mph. .MONDAY... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy with a slight chance of rain showers, mixed with snow in the morning. Chance of precipitation 20 percent. Max temperature.....54 to 63. 24 hr trend......On average, 9 degrees cooler. Min humidity........19 to 29 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 5 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 17 to 23 mph with gusts to 34 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 17 to 23 mph with gusts to 34 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....10 percent. Smoke Dispersal: Mixing Height......8000-10000 ft AGL. Transport Winds....Northwest 20 to 30 mph. $$ = ORZ646-161045- Baker Valley- 131 PM PDT Sat Jun 15 2024 .TONIGHT... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy. Min temperature.....33 to 41. 24 hr trend......On average, 12 degrees cooler. Max humidity........66 to 83 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 14 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 26 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 26 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. .SUNDAY... Sky/weather.........Mostly sunny in the morning, then becoming mostly cloudy in the afternoon. Max temperature.....55 to 67. 24 hr trend......On average, 8 degrees cooler. Min humidity........21 to 29 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 2 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Light upslope winds less than 8 mph in the morning, becoming northwest 8 to 9 mph in the afternoon. Gusts to 18 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 8 to 9 mph in the morning, becoming light in the afternoon. Gusts to 18 mph. Haines Index........4 low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. .SUNDAY NIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy with a chance of rain showers, mixed with snow after midnight. Chance of precipitation 40 percent. Min temperature.....36 to 44. 24 hr trend......On average, 3 degrees warmer. Max humidity........69 to 85 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 3 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 10 to 16 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 26 mph. Haines Index........2 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....20 percent. .MONDAY... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy with a chance of rain showers. A chance of snow showers in the morning, then a slight chance of thunderstorms in the afternoon. Chance of precipitation 40 percent. Max temperature.....52 to 63. 24 hr trend......On average, 2 degrees cooler. Min humidity........31 to 41 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 11 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 12 to 18 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 12 to 18 mph with gusts to 26 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1 in the morning, increasing to 2 in the afternoon. CWR /0.10 inch/.....20 percent. $$ = ORZ636-637-161045- Burns BLM-Vale BLM- 231 PM MDT Sat Jun 15 2024 /131 PM PDT Sat Jun 15 2024/ .TONIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy in the evening, then becoming partly cloudy after midnight. Min temperature.....32 to 42. 24 hr trend......On average, 13 degrees cooler. Max humidity........52 to 75 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 8 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 10 to 16 mph. Gusts to 24 mph in the evening, decreasing to 18 mph after midnight. Ridges/upr slopes....North 10 to 16 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. .SUNDAY... Sky/weather.........Mostly sunny. Max temperature.....60 to 71. 24 hr trend......On average, 7 degrees cooler. Min humidity........15 to 23 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 2 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Light upslope winds less than 8 mph in the morning, becoming northwest 8 to 9 mph with gusts to 20 mph in the afternoon. Ridges/upr slopes....North around 8 mph in the morning, shifting to west with gusts to 24 mph in the afternoon. Haines Index........4 low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....0 percent. .SUNDAY NIGHT... Sky/weather.........Mostly cloudy with a chance of rain showers, mixed with snow after midnight. Chance of precipitation 30 percent. Min temperature.....32 to 43. 24 hr trend......On average, unchanged. Max humidity........67 to 84 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 13 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 12 to 18 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 12 to 18 mph with gusts to 30 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....20 percent. .MONDAY... Sky/weather.........Partly cloudy with a 20 percent chance of rain showers. Max temperature.....55 to 65. 24 hr trend......On average, 6 degrees cooler. Min humidity........18 to 28 percent. 24 hr trend......On average, 5 percent wetter. 20-foot winds....... Valleys/lwr slopes...Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Ridges/upr slopes....Northwest 11 to 17 mph with gusts to 24 mph. Haines Index........3 very low. LAL.................1. CWR /0.10 inch/.....10 percent. $$ = .FORECAST DAYS 3 THROUGH 7... .TUESDAY...Partly cloudy. A chance of showers and a slight chance of thunderstorms. Chance of precipitation 30 percent. Lows 30 to 41. Highs 57 to 72. North winds 10 to 20 mph with gusts to 30 mph. .JUNETEENTH...Partly cloudy. Lows 35 to 47. Highs 66 to 81. East winds up to 10 mph. .THURSDAY...Partly cloudy. Lows 42 to 53. Highs 72 to 87. Northeast winds up to 10 mph. .FRIDAY...Partly cloudy. Lows 47 to 58. Highs 75 to 90. .SATURDAY...Partly cloudy. Lows 48 to 59. Highs 78 to 93. .OUTLOOK FOR SUNDAY JUNE 23 THROUGH SATURDAY JUNE 29 calls for above normal temperatures and below normal precipitation. $$