Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Denver/Boulder, CO

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175
UXUS97 KBOU 311319
SRGBOU

Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Denver/Boulder, Colorado
0718 MDT Thursday, October 31, 2024

This forecast is for Thursday, October 31, 2024:

If the trigger temperature of 47.3 F/8.5 C is reached...then
   Thermal Soaring Index....................... Good
   Maximum rate of lift........................ 618 ft/min (3.1 m/s)
   Maximum height of thermals.................. 13690 ft MSL (8376 ft AGL)

Forecast maximum temperature................... 59.0 F/15.5 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1130 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 11683 ft MSL (6369 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Friday 11/01....... Fair

Wave Soaring Index............................. Poor
Wave Soaring Index trend (to 1800 MDT)......... No change
Height of stable layer (12-18K ft MSL)......... None
Weak PVA/NVA (through 1800 MDT)................ Weak NVA
Potential height of wave....................... 38497 ft MSL (33183 ft AGL)
Wave soaring outlook for Friday 11/01.......... Good

Remarks...

Sunrise/Sunset.................... 07:27:58 / 17:58:03 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 10 hr 30 min 5 sec (630 min 5 sec)
Altitude of sun at 12:43:01 MDT... 35.64 degrees

Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 10/31/2024 at 0600 MDT

Freezing level.................. 7634 ft MSL (2320 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 16199 ft MSL (10885 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 14944 ft MSL (9630 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... +5.6
K index......................... -14.4

Height  Temperature  Wind  Wind Spd  Lapse Rate  ConvectionT  Thermal  Lift Rate
ft MSL  deg C deg F   Dir   kt  m/s  C/km F/kft  deg C deg F   Index    fpm  m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000  -57.5 -71.5   240   50   26   3.3   1.8      M     M       M      M    M
 45000  -52.6 -62.7   245   66   34  -0.5  -0.3      M     M       M      M    M
 40000  -53.4 -64.1   255   72   37  -0.6  -0.3      M     M       M      M    M
 38000  -53.5 -64.3   260   72   37   0.5   0.3      M     M       M      M    M
 36000  -53.1 -63.6   260   70   36   0.5   0.3      M     M       M      M    M
 34000  -52.5 -62.5   260   67   34   6.6   3.6      M     M       M      M    M
 32000  -48.4 -55.1   265   65   33   6.8   3.8      M     M       M      M    M
 30000  -43.6 -46.5   270   62   32   7.9   4.3   32.7  90.8    13.2      M    M
 29000  -41.3 -42.3   270   61   32   7.9   4.3   31.8  89.3    12.8      M    M
 28000  -38.9 -38.0   270   60   31   7.9   4.3   31.1  88.0    12.4      M    M
 27000  -36.5 -33.7   270   59   31   7.7   4.2   30.6  87.0    12.1      M    M
 26000  -34.3 -29.7   275   58   30   7.3   4.0   29.5  85.1    11.4      M    M
 25000  -32.2 -26.0   275   56   29   7.3   4.0   28.6  83.5    10.8      M    M
 24000  -30.0 -22.0   275   55   28   7.3   4.0   27.8  82.0    10.3      M    M
 23000  -27.8 -18.0   280   52   27   7.2   3.9   26.8  80.2     9.6      M    M
 22000  -25.7 -14.3   280   50   26   7.2   3.9   25.8  78.5     8.9      M    M
 21000  -23.5 -10.3   280   48   25   7.0   3.8   25.0  77.0     8.3      M    M
 20000  -21.5  -6.7   285   45   23   6.7   3.7   23.8  74.9     7.4      M    M
 19500  -20.5  -4.9   285   44   23   6.7   3.7   23.3  73.9     7.0      M    M
 19000  -19.5  -3.1   285   42   22   6.7   3.7   22.8  73.0     6.6      M    M
 18500  -18.5  -1.3   285   41   21   6.6   3.6   22.3  72.1     6.3      M    M
 18000  -17.6   0.3   285   39   20   5.9   3.2   21.7  71.0     5.8      M    M
 17500  -16.7   1.9   285   38   20   6.0   3.3   21.0  69.8     5.2      M    M
 17000  -15.8   3.6   290   37   19   5.5   3.0   20.3  68.6     4.7      M    M
 16500  -15.0   5.0   290   35   18   5.4   3.0   19.6  67.3     4.0      M    M
 16000  -13.8   7.2   290   33   17   5.2   2.8   18.5  65.3     3.1      M    M
 15500  -13.0   8.6   290   32   17   5.2   2.9   17.7  63.9     2.4      M    M
 15000  -12.3   9.9   290   31   16   5.2   2.8   17.0  62.6     1.7      M    M
 14500  -11.5  11.3   290   30   15   5.2   2.8   16.2  61.2     1.0      M    M
 14000  -10.7  12.7   290   29   15   5.1   2.8   15.5  59.8     0.3      M    M
 13500  -10.0  14.0   290   28   14   5.0   2.7   14.7  58.4    -0.4    599  3.0
 13000   -9.3  15.3   285   27   14   5.0   2.7   13.9  57.0    -1.1    562  2.9
 12500   -8.5  16.7   285   25   13   5.1   2.8   13.1  55.6    -1.9    525  2.7
 12000   -7.8  18.0   285   24   12   5.2   2.8   12.4  54.3    -2.6    489  2.5
 11500   -7.0  19.4   285   23   12   5.3   2.9   11.6  52.9    -3.3    451  2.3
 11000   -6.3  20.7   280   23   12   5.5   3.0   10.9  51.7    -4.0    413  2.1
 10500   -5.4  22.3   280   21   11   5.9   3.2   10.3  50.5    -4.7    373  1.9
 10250   -5.0  23.0   280   21   11   5.4   3.0   10.0  50.0    -5.0    353  1.8
 10000   -4.7  23.5   280   20   10   3.5   1.9    9.6  49.3    -5.4    336  1.7
  9750   -4.4  24.1   280   20   10   5.5   3.0    9.1  48.4    -5.9    320  1.6
  9500   -3.9  25.0   280   18   10   8.2   4.5    8.9  48.1    -6.1    297  1.5
  9250   -3.3  26.1   280   17    9   6.9   3.8    8.8  47.8    -6.3    273  1.4
  9000   -2.9  26.8   275   16    8   5.4   3.0    8.5  47.3    -6.6    252  1.3
  8750   -2.5  27.5   275   15    8   6.8   3.7    8.2  46.7    -6.9    233  1.2
  8500   -1.9  28.6   275   13    7   8.9   4.9    8.0  46.5    -7.1    207  1.1
  8250   -1.3  29.7   270   11    6   7.3   4.0    7.9  46.3    -7.2    181  0.9
  8000   -0.8  30.6   265   10    5   5.5   3.0    7.7  45.8    -7.5    160  0.8
  7750   -0.4  31.3   265   10    5   7.5   4.1    7.4  45.3    -7.8    140  0.7
  7500    0.3  32.5   255    8    4   8.9   4.9    7.3  45.1    -7.9    113  0.6
  7250    0.9  33.6   250    7    4   6.4   3.5    7.1  44.8    -8.1     89  0.5
  7000    1.2  34.2   245    7    4   4.5   2.5    6.8  44.2    -8.5     70  0.4
  6750    1.6  34.9   240    7    4   7.2   4.0    6.5  43.6    -8.8     51  0.3
  6500    2.2  36.0   225    7    4   5.3   2.9    6.3  43.3    -9.0     27  0.1
  6250    2.3  36.1   215    7    4   0.5   0.3    5.7  42.3    -9.7     16  0.1
  6000    2.4  36.3   210    7    4   2.5   1.4    5.1  41.1   -10.4      6  0.0
  5750    2.5  36.5   205    7    4  -3.0  -1.7    4.4  40.0   -11.0      M    M
  5500    1.6  34.9   195    7    4 -19.6 -10.7    2.9  37.2   -12.6     14  0.1

 * * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *

           10/31/2024 at 0900 MDT          |       10/31/2024 at 1200 MDT
                                           |
CAPE...     0.0    LI...       +8.2        | CAPE...     0.0    LI...       +7.2
CINH...    -0.1    K Index...  -9.3        | CINH...    -0.1    K Index...  -0.3
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -56.9 -70.4  245  47 24   2.3   1.2 | -57.4 -71.3  245  47 24   2.2   1.2
 45000 -53.4 -64.1  250  65 34   0.2   0.1 | -54.0 -65.2  250  70 36  -0.7  -0.4
 40000 -53.6 -64.5  255  71 36  -0.1  -0.1 | -56.0 -68.8  255  76 39  -1.3  -0.7
 38000 -53.7 -64.7  260  70 36  -0.2  -0.1 | -55.9 -68.6  260  77 40   1.6   0.9
 36000 -53.8 -64.8  260  66 34  -0.2  -0.1 | -55.0 -67.0  265  76 39   1.6   0.9
 34000 -53.5 -64.3  265  62 32   6.8   3.7 | -53.4 -64.1  265  75 39   8.8   4.8
 32000 -49.6 -57.3  265  61 31   6.5   3.6 | -48.6 -55.5  265  74 38   8.2   4.5
 30000 -44.8 -48.6  265  59 30   8.7   4.8 | -43.1 -45.6  260  71 36   7.9   4.3
 29000 -42.2 -44.0  265  57 29   8.7   4.8 | -40.7 -41.3  260  67 34   7.9   4.3
 28000 -39.6 -39.3  270  56 29   8.7   4.8 | -38.4 -37.1  260  63 32   7.9   4.3
 27000 -37.0 -34.6  270  54 28   8.3   4.6 | -36.0 -32.8  265  59 30   7.8   4.3
 26000 -34.6 -30.3  270  52 27   8.0   4.4 | -33.7 -28.7  260  55 28   7.7   4.2
 25000 -32.2 -26.0  270  50 26   8.0   4.4 | -31.4 -24.5  260  51 26   7.7   4.2
 24000 -29.8 -21.6  270  48 25   7.9   4.3 | -29.1 -20.4  260  47 24   7.6   4.2
 23000 -27.6 -17.7  270  45 23   7.5   4.1 | -26.9 -16.4  260  44 23   7.5   4.1
 22000 -25.3 -13.5  275  42 22   7.5   4.1 | -24.6 -12.3  260  41 21   7.5   4.1
 21000 -23.1  -9.6  275  40 20   7.2   3.9 | -22.4  -8.3  260  38 19   7.1   3.9
 20000 -21.0  -5.8  275  38 19   7.0   3.8 | -20.3  -4.5  260  35 18   6.9   3.8
 19500 -20.0  -4.0  280  37 19   7.0   3.8 | -19.3  -2.7  260  34 17   7.0   3.8
 19000 -18.9  -2.0  280  36 18   6.9   3.8 | -18.3  -0.9  260  33 17   6.9   3.8
 18500 -17.9  -0.2  280  35 18   6.8   3.7 | -17.2   1.0  265  31 16   6.8   3.8
 18000 -16.9   1.6  280  34 17   6.4   3.5 | -16.2   2.8  265  31 16   6.7   3.7
 17500 -16.0   3.2  285  33 17   6.4   3.5 | -15.2   4.6  270  31 16   6.9   3.8
 17000 -15.0   5.0  285  32 17   6.2   3.4 | -14.3   6.3  270  31 16   5.3   2.9
 16500 -13.6   7.5  290  32 16   6.2   3.4 | -13.6   7.5  270  30 16   5.4   3.0
 16000 -12.7   9.1  290  32 16   5.7   3.1 | -12.7   9.1  275  30 15   5.7   3.1
 15500 -11.9  10.6  290  31 16   5.8   3.2 | -11.5  11.3  275  29 15   5.9   3.2
 15000 -11.0  12.2  290  31 16   5.4   3.0 | -10.6  12.9  280  28 14   5.4   3.0
 14500 -10.2  13.6  290  30 15   5.4   3.0 |  -9.8  14.4  280  27 14   5.4   3.0
 14000  -9.4  15.1  290  29 15   5.4   3.0 |  -9.0  15.8  280  26 13   5.7   3.1
 13500  -8.6  16.5  290  28 14   5.4   3.0 |  -8.1  17.4  280  24 12   5.8   3.2
 13000  -7.8  18.0  290  27 14   5.4   3.0 |  -7.3  18.9  280  22 11   6.0   3.3
 12500  -7.0  19.4  290  26 13   5.4   3.0 |  -6.3  20.7  280  20 11   6.2   3.4
 12000  -6.2  20.8  290  25 13   5.2   2.8 |  -5.4  22.3  275  19 10   6.3   3.5
 11500  -5.5  22.1  285  24 12   4.9   2.7 |  -4.4  24.1  275  17  9   6.4   3.5
 11000  -4.8  23.4  285  23 12   5.1   2.8 |  -3.5  25.7  270  16  8   6.6   3.6
 10500  -4.0  24.8  285  21 11   5.4   3.0 |  -2.5  27.5  265  14  7   7.5   4.1
 10250  -3.6  25.5  280  20 10   4.0   2.2 |  -2.0  28.4  265  14  7   3.0   1.6
 10000  -3.4  25.9  280  20 11   3.5   1.9 |  -1.9  28.6  265  14  7   3.6   2.0
  9750  -3.0  26.6  280  19 10   5.9   3.3 |  -1.4  29.5  260  13  7   8.4   4.6
  9500  -2.6  27.3  275  17  9   7.1   3.9 |  -0.8  30.6  255  11  6   7.4   4.1
  9250  -2.1  28.2  275  15  8   5.9   3.2 |  -0.3  31.5  245  10  5   6.4   3.5
  9000  -1.7  28.9  270  14  7   4.3   2.3 |   0.1  32.2  240  10  5   4.2   2.3
  8750  -1.4  29.5  265  13  7   5.6   3.1 |   0.5  32.9  230   9  5   5.4   3.0
  8500  -0.9  30.4  260  11  6   7.1   3.9 |   0.9  33.6  220   8  4   6.6   3.6
  8250  -0.4  31.3  250   9  5   6.0   3.3 |   1.4  34.5  210   8  4   5.7   3.1
  8000  -0.0  32.0  240   8  4   5.0   2.8 |   1.8  35.2  200   8  4   5.0   2.8
  7750   0.4  32.7  235   8  4   6.2   3.4 |   2.2  36.0  190   8  4   6.5   3.6
  7500   0.9  33.6  225   7  4   6.7   3.7 |   2.7  36.9  185   8  4   7.4   4.1
  7250   1.3  34.3  215   7  4   5.7   3.1 |   3.2  37.8  185   8  4   7.1   3.9
  7000   1.7  35.1  215   7  4   4.8   2.6 |   3.7  38.7  185   8  4   5.9   3.2
  6750   2.1  35.8  210   7  3   6.7   3.7 |   4.2  39.6  180   8  4  11.0   6.0
  6500   2.6  36.7  205   7  3   4.8   2.6 |   5.3  41.5  180   7  4  12.8   7.0
  6250   2.8  37.0  200   7  4   1.8   1.0 |   6.0  42.8  180   7  4   9.2   5.1
  6000   2.9  37.2  200   7  4   2.4   1.3 |   6.7  44.1  180   7  4   8.9   4.9
  5750   3.1  37.6  195   7  4   2.8   1.6 |   7.4  45.3  180   7  4  12.3   6.7
  5500   3.3  37.9  200   7  3   2.0   1.1 |   8.7  47.7  180   6  3  22.2  12.2

           10/31/2024 at 1500 MDT          |       10/31/2024 at 1800 MDT
                                           |
CAPE...     0.0    LI...       +6.1        | CAPE...     0.0    LI...       +3.5
CINH...     0.0    K Index...  +4.8        | CINH...     0.0    K Index...  +8.3
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -58.5 -73.3  245  48 24   0.8   0.4 | -59.7 -75.5  250  48 25   0.1   0.1
 45000 -57.3 -71.1  250  67 34   0.3   0.2 | -59.5 -75.1  255  60 31   1.0   0.5
 40000 -58.5 -73.3  255  83 43  -0.8  -0.4 | -57.4 -71.3  260  78 40   1.4   0.8
 38000 -57.4 -71.3  260  85 44   4.0   2.2 | -56.0 -68.8  260  83 43   3.0   1.6
 36000 -55.0 -67.0  260  84 43   4.0   2.2 | -54.0 -65.2  260  86 44   3.0   1.6
 34000 -52.2 -62.0  265  83 43   8.1   4.4 | -51.4 -60.5  260  87 45   7.7   4.2
 32000 -47.4 -53.3  260  77 40   7.9   4.4 | -46.7 -52.1  260  81 41   7.8   4.3
 30000 -42.6 -44.7  260  72 37   8.2   4.5 | -41.9 -43.4  260  75 39   8.4   4.6
 29000 -39.6 -39.3  260  71 37   8.2   4.5 | -39.4 -38.9  260  73 38   8.4   4.6
 28000 -37.1 -34.8  260  70 36   8.2   4.5 | -36.9 -34.4  265  71 37   8.4   4.6
 27000 -34.7 -30.5  260  69 35   7.2   3.9 | -34.3 -29.7  265  69 36   8.3   4.5
 26000 -32.6 -26.7  260  65 34   6.9   3.8 | -31.9 -25.4  265  68 35   8.1   4.5
 25000 -30.6 -23.1  260  62 32   6.9   3.8 | -29.4 -20.9  265  67 34   8.1   4.5
 24000 -28.5 -19.3  260  59 30   6.9   3.8 | -27.0 -16.6  265  65 34   7.7   4.2
 23000 -26.5 -15.7  260  55 28   7.0   3.8 | -25.1 -13.2  265  64 33   5.9   3.2
 22000 -24.4 -11.9  260  51 26   7.0   3.8 | -23.4 -10.1  265  62 32   5.9   3.3
 21000 -22.3  -8.1  260  48 25   7.5   4.1 | -21.6  -6.9  265  60 31   5.4   2.9
 20000 -20.0  -4.0  260  45 23   7.6   4.2 | -20.2  -4.4  265  57 29   4.9   2.7
 19500 -18.8  -1.8  260  44 22   7.6   4.2 | -19.5  -3.1  265  55 28   4.9   2.7
 19000 -17.7   0.1  260  42 22   7.6   4.2 | -18.7  -1.7  265  53 27   5.0   2.7
 18500 -16.6   2.1  265  41 21   7.1   3.9 | -17.6   0.3  260  50 26   5.5   3.0
 18000 -15.6   3.9  265  41 21   6.6   3.6 | -16.8   1.8  260  48 25   5.6   3.1
 17500 -14.6   5.7  265  41 21   6.7   3.7 | -16.0   3.2  260  46 24   5.8   3.2
 17000 -13.8   7.2  265  41 21   4.9   2.7 | -15.1   4.8  260  43 22   6.0   3.3
 16500 -13.1   8.4  265  40 21   5.1   2.8 | -14.2   6.4  255  40 21   5.9   3.2
 16000 -12.3   9.9  265  39 20   4.8   2.6 | -13.2   8.2  255  37 19   7.7   4.2
 15500 -11.3  11.7  265  35 18   4.6   2.5 | -12.1  10.2  255  33 17   7.5   4.1
 15000 -10.6  12.9  265  33 17   5.8   3.2 | -10.9  12.4  250  30 16   8.5   4.7
 14500  -9.7  14.5  265  30 15   5.8   3.2 |  -9.6  14.7  250  28 14   8.6   4.7
 14000  -8.8  16.2  260  27 14   6.8   3.7 |  -8.3  17.1  245  25 13   8.5   4.7
 13500  -7.7  18.1  260  24 12   7.1   3.9 |  -7.1  19.2  245  23 12   8.5   4.6
 13000  -6.7  19.9  260  21 11   7.1   3.9 |  -5.8  21.6  245  22 11   8.3   4.6
 12500  -5.6  21.9  255  19 10   7.1   3.9 |  -4.6  23.7  245  20 10   8.2   4.5
 12000  -4.6  23.7  250  16  8   7.3   4.0 |  -3.4  25.9  245  19 10   8.0   4.4
 11500  -3.5  25.7  240  14  7   7.5   4.1 |  -2.2  28.0  240  16  8   7.7   4.3
 11000  -2.3  27.9  235  12  6   6.9   3.8 |  -1.0  30.2  235  14  7   7.1   3.9
 10500  -1.3  29.7  225  11  6   5.6   3.1 |  -0.1  31.8  230  11  6   5.4   3.0
 10250  -0.9  30.4  220  10  5  10.3   5.7 |   0.4  32.7  225  10  5   9.5   5.2
 10000   0.1  32.2  210   9  5  11.4   6.3 |   1.2  34.2  215   8  4  10.3   5.6
  9750   0.7  33.3  205   9  5   7.3   4.0 |   1.8  35.2  210   8  4   6.7   3.7
  9500   1.3  34.3  195   8  4   8.8   4.8 |   2.4  36.3  200   7  3   7.9   4.3
  9250   2.0  35.6  190   8  4   6.8   3.7 |   2.9  37.2  190   6  3   6.7   3.7
  9000   2.4  36.3  185   8  4   6.4   3.5 |   3.4  38.1  175   6  3   6.7   3.7
  8750   3.0  37.4  180   7  4   8.7   4.8 |   4.0  39.2  165   6  3   8.6   4.7
  8500   3.7  38.7  175   7  4   9.6   5.3 |   4.6  40.3  160   6  3   9.3   5.1
  8250   4.4  39.9  170   6  3   8.0   4.4 |   5.3  41.5  155   7  3   8.5   4.6
  8000   4.9  40.8  165   6  3   6.9   3.8 |   5.9  42.6  150   7  3   7.6   4.1
  7750   5.5  41.9  160   6  3   9.4   5.2 |   6.5  43.7  145   7  4   8.4   4.6
  7500   6.3  43.3  160   6  3  10.8   5.9 |   7.2  45.0  145   7  4   9.4   5.2
  7250   7.0  44.6  155   6  3   8.6   4.7 |   7.8  46.0  145   8  4   8.1   4.4
  7000   7.6  45.7  155   5  3   6.8   3.7 |   8.4  47.1  140   7  4   6.8   3.7
  6750   8.2  46.8  155   5  3  10.9   6.0 |   9.0  48.2  135   7  4   9.1   5.0
  6500   9.1  48.4  150   5  3  12.3   6.8 |   9.7  49.5  135   7  4  10.1   5.5
  6250   9.9  49.8  150   5  3   9.7   5.3 |  10.4  50.7  130   7  3   8.5   4.7
  6000  10.6  51.1  150   5  2   9.1   5.0 |  11.0  51.8  125   6  3   8.4   4.6
  5750  11.3  52.3  150   4  2  11.0   6.0 |  11.7  53.1  115   6  3   7.8   4.3
  5500  12.4  54.3  145   4  2  17.5   9.6 |  12.0  53.6  105   5  3  -1.8  -1.0
________________________________________________________________________________

This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC) and again by approximately 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC).  It is not
continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance.

The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken near the old Stapleton
Airport site in Denver, Colorado at

                   North Latitude:  39 deg 46 min 5.016 sec
                   West Longitude: 104 deg 52 min 9.984 sec
                   Elevation: 5285 feet (1611 meters)

and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the
Colorado Rocky Mountains.  Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground.  Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.

The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice.  Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page.  To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.

DEFINITIONS:

CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
     energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
     area on a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  Larger
     values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
     stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms.  Values around or
     greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
     convective activity develop.

CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
     needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
     a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  The more negative
     this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection.  This
     inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
     lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)

Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
     average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
     if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
     just becomes saturated.  It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
     produced by surface heating only.

Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
     the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level.  It can be considered a
     "trigger temperature" for that level.

Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.

Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
     mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists.  The location and
     existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
     waves.

K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
     between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
     of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
     of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface.  Larger
     positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
     thunderstorm development.  One interpretation of K index values regarding
     soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
     and is reproduced in the following table:

          below -10    no or weak thermals
           -10 to 5    dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
            5 to 15    good soaring conditions
           15 to 20    good soaring conditions with occasional showers
           20 to 30    excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
                       probability of showers and thunderstorms
           above 30    more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms

Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
     inversions.

Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
     average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
     maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.

Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
     level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
     an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
     condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
     level.  The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
     temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
     feet of the airmass.  Negative values are indicative of instability with
     positive values showing stable conditions.

Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals.  It is
     computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
     level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
     Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
     are applied to these calculations.

Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
     forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.

Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals.  It
     is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
     height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
     between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
     above the ground.  After this computation, further empirical adjustments
     are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
     middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment.

Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
     or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds.  Broken means that
     between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
     conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
     Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
     some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
     that little sunlight is reaching the ground.

Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
     1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
     2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind speed no longer increases with height

PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
     on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
     sea level).  Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.

Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
                 and the time of overdevelopment.

Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
     temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
     through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level.  Negative values
     are indicative of thermal lift.

Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
     computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
     cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:

                 Maximum rate of lift        Adjective Rating
                      >= 800 fpm                 Excellent
                 >= 400 and < 800 fpm              Good
                 >= 200 and < 400 fpm              Fair
                       < 200 fpm                   Poor

Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
     which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
     1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
     2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
     3. initiation of widespread precipitation

Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
     reach the trigger temperature.

Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
     feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.

Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
     attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
     soaring into a single index number.  Objective points are assigned to
     these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
     stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
     the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
     movements.

042613