Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Denver/Boulder, CO

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Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Denver/Boulder, Colorado
2053 MDT Sunday, October 12, 2025

This forecast is for Monday, October 13, 2025:

If the trigger temperature of 57.3 F/14.0 C is reached...then
   Thermal Soaring Index....................... Poor
   Maximum rate of lift........................ 77 ft/min (0.4 m/s)
   Maximum height of thermals.................. 11855 ft MSL (6562 ft AGL)

Forecast maximum temperature................... 64.0 F/18.2 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1145 MDT
Time of overdevelopment........................ 1500 MDT
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... Broken/overcast opaque middle
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 10164 ft MSL (4870 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Tuesday 10/14...... Good

Wave Soaring Index............................. Excellent
Wave Soaring Index trend (to 1800 MDT)......... Becoming fair after 1200 as stab
Height of stable layer (12-18K ft MSL)......... 11932 ft MSL (6639 ft AGL)
Weak PVA/NVA (through 1800 MDT)................ Weak PVA
Potential height of wave....................... 40455 ft MSL (35162 ft AGL)
Wave soaring outlook for Tuesday 10/14......... Poor

Remarks... Southwest flow aloft increasing

Sunrise/Sunset.................... 07:08:19 / 18:22:50 MDT
Total possible sunshine........... 11 hr 14 min 31 sec (674 min 31 sec)
Altitude of sun at 12:45:34 MDT... 42.03 degrees

Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 10/13/2025 at 0600 MDT

Freezing level.................. 10230 ft MSL (4937 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 22712 ft MSL (17419 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 16652 ft MSL (11358 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... +11.5
K index......................... -9.4

Height  Temperature  Wind  Wind Spd  Lapse Rate  ConvectionT  Thermal  Lift Rate
ft MSL  deg C deg F   Dir   kt  m/s  C/km F/kft  deg C deg F   Index    fpm  m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000  -64.5 -84.1   230   86   44   1.3   0.7      M     M       M      M    M
 45000  -60.9 -77.6   235  118   61   6.5   3.5      M     M       M      M    M
 40000  -51.2 -60.2   235  125   64   5.5   3.0      M     M       M      M    M
 38000  -49.2 -56.6   235  112   58   3.2   1.8      M     M       M      M    M
 36000  -47.3 -53.1   235  100   51   3.2   1.8      M     M       M      M    M
 34000  -44.2 -47.6   235   89   46   6.8   3.7      M     M       M      M    M
 32000  -40.1 -40.2   235   79   41   6.8   3.7      M     M       M      M    M
 30000  -35.1 -31.2   235   72   37   7.9   4.4   41.3 106.3    17.8      M    M
 29000  -32.8 -27.0   235   69   36   7.9   4.4   40.5 105.0    17.4      M    M
 28000  -30.4 -22.7   235   67   34   8.0   4.4   39.9 103.9    17.2      M    M
 27000  -28.1 -18.6   235   65   33   7.7   4.2   39.2 102.5    16.8      M    M
 26000  -25.8 -14.4   235   64   33   7.7   4.2   38.3 101.0    16.3      M    M
 25000  -23.5 -10.3   235   62   32   7.7   4.2   37.6  99.7    15.9      M    M
 24000  -21.3  -6.3   235   60   31   6.3   3.4   36.7  98.1    15.4      M    M
 23000  -19.4  -2.9   230   55   29   6.4   3.5   35.4  95.7    14.5      M    M
 22000  -17.5   0.5   230   51   26   6.4   3.5   34.2  93.6    13.7      M    M
 21000  -15.6   3.9   225   48   25   6.1   3.4   33.0  91.5    12.8      M    M
 20000  -13.7   7.3   225   47   24   6.2   3.4   31.7  89.1    11.8      M    M
 19500  -12.8   9.0   230   46   24   6.2   3.4   31.1  88.0    11.4      M    M
 19000  -11.9  10.6   230   45   23   6.1   3.3   30.5  87.0    10.9      M    M
 18500  -10.9  12.4   230   45   23   7.7   4.2   30.1  86.1    10.6      M    M
 18000   -9.7  14.5   230   44   23   7.5   4.1   29.7  85.4    10.3      M    M
 17500   -8.6  16.5   230   44   23   6.7   3.7   29.3  84.8    10.0      M    M
 17000   -7.7  18.1   230   43   22   6.0   3.3   28.6  83.5     9.5      M    M
 16500   -6.8  19.8   230   42   21   5.9   3.3   28.0  82.4     9.0      M    M
 16000   -6.1  21.0   230   40   21   4.1   2.3   27.2  80.9     8.3      M    M
 15500   -5.5  22.1   230   38   20   4.3   2.4   26.3  79.3     7.5      M    M
 15000   -4.5  23.9   230   34   18   5.0   2.8   25.0  77.0     6.3      M    M
 14500   -3.8  25.2   235   32   16   5.1   2.8   24.2  75.6     5.6      M    M
 14000   -3.1  26.4   235   30   15   4.2   2.3   23.3  74.0     4.8      M    M
 13500   -2.6  27.3   230   29   15   4.6   2.5   22.5  72.4     4.0      M    M
 13000   -2.1  28.2   230   28   14   1.9   1.0   21.4  70.5     3.0      M    M
 12500   -2.0  28.4   225   27   14   2.2   1.2   20.1  68.2     1.7      M    M
 12000   -1.9  28.6   220   25   13  -1.1  -0.6   18.7  65.7     0.3      M    M
 11500   -2.2  28.0   215   21   11  -2.0  -1.1   16.9  62.5    -1.5    472  2.4
 11000   -1.9  28.6   205   19   10   7.0   3.8   15.6  60.1    -2.7    450  2.3
 10500   -0.6  30.9   200   19   10   9.2   5.0   15.3  59.6    -2.8    395  2.0
 10250    0.1  32.2   195   19   10   4.4   2.4   15.2  59.4    -2.9    368  1.9
 10000    0.2  32.4   195   19   10   4.5   2.5   14.6  58.3    -3.4    355  1.8
  9750    0.9  33.6   190   19   10   9.5   5.2   14.5  58.2    -3.5    327  1.7
  9500    1.6  34.9   185   19   10   8.8   4.8   14.4  58.0    -3.5    299  1.5
  9250    2.3  36.1   185   19   10   7.1   3.9   14.4  57.9    -3.6    271  1.4
  9000    2.7  36.9   180   19   10   5.8   3.2   14.1  57.3    -3.9    251  1.3
  8750    3.2  37.8   175   19   10   7.5   4.1   13.8  56.9    -4.1    228  1.2
  8500    3.8  38.8   175   20   10   7.6   4.2   13.7  56.6    -4.3    203  1.0
  8250    4.4  39.9   170   20   10   7.0   3.9   13.5  56.3    -4.5    179  0.9
  8000    4.9  40.8   170   20   10   6.9   3.8   13.3  55.9    -4.7    157  0.8
  7750    5.4  41.7   165   20   10   8.2   4.5   13.1  55.5    -4.9    133  0.7
  7500    6.1  43.0   165   20   10   8.9   4.9   13.0  55.4    -5.0    106  0.5
  7250    6.7  44.1   160   20   10   8.5   4.7   12.9  55.3    -5.1     80  0.4
  7000    7.4  45.3   160   20   10   8.6   4.7   12.8  55.1    -5.2     53  0.3
  6750    8.0  46.4   155   19   10   8.4   4.6   12.7  54.9    -5.3     27  0.1
  6500    8.6  47.5   155   18    9   7.1   3.9   12.6  54.7    -5.5      2  0.0
  6250    9.0  48.2   155   17    9   6.1   3.3   12.3  54.2    -5.8      M    M
  6000    9.5  49.1   150   15    8   7.0   3.9   12.1  53.8    -6.1      M    M
  5750    9.9  49.8   150   13    7   4.3   2.4   11.8  53.3    -6.4      M    M
  5500    9.9  49.8   145    9    5  -3.5  -1.9   11.1  52.1    -7.1      M    M

 * * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *

           10/13/2025 at 0900 MDT          |       10/13/2025 at 1200 MDT
                                           |
CAPE...     0.0    LI...       +6.8        | CAPE...     0.0    LI...       +6.1
CINH...     0.0    K Index... +12.4        | CINH...     0.0    K Index... +14.1
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -65.0 -85.0  235  85 44   2.3   1.3 | -65.0 -85.0  235  84 43   2.7   1.5
 45000 -60.2 -76.4  235 108 56   6.0   3.3 | -60.0 -76.0  235 110 56   5.5   3.0
 40000 -51.2 -60.2  230 118 61   5.3   2.9 | -51.8 -61.2  235 124 64   5.3   2.9
 38000 -48.6 -55.5  230 109 56   4.4   2.4 | -48.8 -55.8  235 115 59   5.0   2.7
 36000 -45.9 -50.6  230  99 51   4.4   2.4 | -45.8 -50.4  235 107 55   5.0   2.7
 34000 -42.9 -45.2  230  89 46   5.6   3.1 | -42.6 -44.7  235  92 48   4.6   2.5
 32000 -39.1 -38.4  230  78 40   5.6   3.1 | -39.8 -39.6  230  77 40   4.5   2.5
 30000 -34.9 -30.8  230  71 37   8.0   4.4 | -35.3 -31.5  225  67 34   9.6   5.3
 29000 -32.5 -26.5  230  69 36   8.0   4.4 | -32.4 -26.3  225  64 33   9.6   5.3
 28000 -30.1 -22.2  230  67 35   8.0   4.4 | -29.5 -21.1  220  61 31   9.7   5.3
 27000 -27.8 -18.0  230  65 34   7.7   4.2 | -27.1 -16.8  220  58 30   7.5   4.1
 26000 -25.5 -13.9  230  64 33   7.7   4.2 | -24.8 -12.6  215  56 29   7.5   4.1
 25000 -23.2  -9.8  230  63 32   7.7   4.2 | -22.6  -8.7  215  54 28   7.5   4.1
 24000 -21.0  -5.8  230  62 32   6.6   3.6 | -20.4  -4.7  210  52 27   7.5   4.1
 23000 -19.1  -2.4  230  61 32   6.7   3.7 | -18.2  -0.8  210  51 26   7.6   4.2
 22000 -17.1   1.2  230  61 31   6.8   3.7 | -16.0   3.2  205  49 25   7.5   4.1
 21000 -15.2   4.6  230  59 30   6.6   3.6 | -14.1   6.6  205  47 24   5.1   2.8
 20000 -13.3   8.1  230  53 28   6.6   3.6 | -12.6   9.3  210  42 22   5.1   2.8
 19500 -12.3   9.9  230  51 26   6.7   3.6 | -11.8  10.8  210  40 21   5.2   2.8
 19000 -11.4  11.5  230  48 25   6.8   3.7 | -11.1  12.0  210  38 20   5.1   2.8
 18500 -10.6  12.9  230  46 24   4.5   2.5 |  -9.9  14.2  215  36 19   5.5   3.0
 18000  -9.8  14.4  230  44 23   4.7   2.6 |  -9.1  15.6  215  35 18   5.5   3.0
 17500  -9.1  15.6  235  42 22   5.4   3.0 |  -8.3  17.1  220  34 18   5.7   3.1
 17000  -8.3  17.1  230  40 21   5.9   3.2 |  -7.4  18.7  220  34 17   5.7   3.1
 16500  -7.0  19.4  230  37 19   6.5   3.6 |  -6.6  20.1  225  33 17   6.6   3.6
 16000  -6.0  21.2  230  35 18   6.8   3.7 |  -5.6  21.9  225  32 17   7.0   3.9
 15500  -5.0  23.0  230  33 17   6.8   3.7 |  -4.6  23.7  225  32 16   7.0   3.9
 15000  -4.0  24.8  225  32 16   6.6   3.6 |  -3.6  25.5  220  31 16   6.8   3.7
 14500  -3.1  26.4  225  31 16   6.7   3.7 |  -2.6  27.3  215  31 16   7.0   3.8
 14000  -2.2  28.0  220  29 15   5.2   2.9 |  -1.8  28.8  215  30 16   5.0   2.7
 13500  -1.4  29.5  220  27 14   5.6   3.1 |  -1.0  30.2  210  29 15   5.4   3.0
 13000  -0.8  30.6  220  25 13   2.6   1.4 |  -0.4  31.3  210  27 14   2.2   1.2
 12500  -0.4  31.3  215  23 12   2.9   1.6 |  -0.1  31.8  205  24 12   2.1   1.2
 12000  -0.1  31.8  215  21 11  -0.3  -0.1 |   0.2  32.4  200  22 11   1.3   0.7
 11500  -0.1  31.8  205  17  9  -0.8  -0.5 |   0.5  32.9  200  19 10   1.1   0.6
 11000   0.1  32.2  200  16  8   4.4   2.4 |   0.9  33.6  195  17  9   3.6   2.0
 10500   0.9  33.6  195  16  8   5.6   3.1 |   1.6  34.9  195  18 10   4.5   2.4
 10250   1.3  34.3  195  16  8   2.9   1.6 |   1.9  35.4  195  19 10   2.8   1.5
 10000   1.5  34.7  195  16  8   3.1   1.7 |   2.0  35.6  195  20 10   0.6   0.3
  9750   1.9  35.4  190  18  9   5.8   3.2 |   2.1  35.8  195  20 10   0.8   0.4
  9500   2.3  36.1  185  19 10   5.6   3.1 |   2.2  36.0  190  20 10   0.6   0.3
  9250   2.8  37.0  180  21 11   3.8   2.1 |   2.3  36.1  185  21 11   1.3   0.7
  9000   3.0  37.4  180  22 11   3.0   1.6 |   2.5  36.5  180  20 10   4.4   2.4
  8750   3.4  38.1  180  23 12   5.5   3.0 |   2.9  37.2  175  20 10   7.0   3.8
  8500   3.8  38.8  180  24 12   5.9   3.3 |   3.5  38.3  175  20 10   7.2   4.0
  8250   4.3  39.7  180  25 13   6.3   3.5 |   4.0  39.2  170  20 10   8.9   4.9
  8000   4.8  40.6  175  26 13   6.7   3.7 |   4.8  40.6  170  19 10  10.3   5.7
  7750   5.3  41.5  175  27 14   7.2   3.9 |   5.5  41.9  170  19 10   9.3   5.1
  7500   5.9  42.6  175  27 14   7.3   4.0 |   6.2  43.2  170  19 10   9.6   5.3
  7250   6.3  43.3  170  28 14   6.7   3.7 |   7.0  44.6  170  19 10  10.6   5.8
  7000   6.8  44.2  170  28 14   7.0   3.9 |   7.8  46.0  170  18  9  11.0   6.1
  6750   7.3  45.1  165  28 15   5.2   2.9 |   8.6  47.5  170  18  9   8.9   4.9
  6500   7.6  45.7  165  27 14   4.8   2.6 |   9.2  48.6  170  18  9   9.3   5.1
  6250   8.0  46.4  165  24 12   6.4   3.5 |  10.0  50.0  170  17  9  11.3   6.2
  6000   8.4  47.1  165  21 11   5.3   2.9 |  10.8  51.4  170  16  8  10.9   6.0
  5750   8.9  48.0  165  18  9   8.0   4.4 |  11.6  52.9  170  15  8  10.2   5.6
  5500   9.7  49.5  160  13  7  15.1   8.3 |  12.3  54.1  165  14  7   9.8   5.4

           10/13/2025 at 1500 MDT          |       10/13/2025 at 1800 MDT
                                           |
CAPE...     0.0    LI...       +9.4        | CAPE...     0.0    LI...       +8.5
CINH...     0.0    K Index... +11.0        | CINH...     0.0    K Index... +11.0
                                           |
Height Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate | Temperature  Wnd WndSpd  Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft | deg C deg F  Dir kt m/s  C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50000 -65.2 -85.4  240  83 43   2.1   1.1 | -65.1 -85.2  235  75 39   1.6   0.9
 45000 -60.8 -77.4  240 107 55   6.1   3.3 | -61.2 -78.2  235  99 51   5.9   3.2
 40000 -51.6 -60.9  240 117 60   4.8   2.7 | -52.3 -62.1  235 107 55   6.4   3.5
 38000 -49.3 -56.7  235  95 49   3.9   2.2 | -48.3 -54.9  235 103 53   6.6   3.6
 36000 -46.6 -51.9  235  71 36   4.0   2.2 | -43.9 -47.0  235  98 51   6.6   3.6
 34000 -42.6 -44.7  240  59 30   8.1   4.4 | -40.6 -41.1  235  82 42   5.0   2.7
 32000 -37.7 -35.9  240  52 27   8.1   4.4 | -37.6 -35.7  230  60 31   5.0   2.7
 30000 -32.8 -27.0  240  52 27   8.5   4.6 | -33.3 -27.9  230  49 25   8.6   4.7
 29000 -30.2 -22.4  235  54 28   8.5   4.6 | -30.7 -23.3  230  46 24   8.6   4.7
 28000 -27.7 -17.9  235  55 28   8.6   4.7 | -28.2 -18.8  230  43 22   8.8   4.8
 27000 -25.4 -13.7  230  56 29   7.3   4.0 | -26.0 -14.8  230  44 23   6.6   3.6
 26000 -23.3  -9.9  230  56 29   7.3   4.0 | -24.0 -11.2  235  47 24   6.6   3.6
 25000 -21.1  -6.0  225  57 29   7.3   4.0 | -22.1  -7.8  235  51 26   6.6   3.6
 24000 -19.0  -2.2  220  57 29   6.6   3.6 | -20.0  -4.0  235  53 27   7.7   4.2
 23000 -17.1   1.2  220  57 29   6.7   3.7 | -17.7   0.1  235  53 27   7.7   4.2
 22000 -15.1   4.8  215  57 29   6.7   3.7 | -15.4   4.3  235  53 27   7.7   4.2
 21000 -12.7   9.1  210  56 29   6.5   3.5 | -13.2   8.2  235  52 27   7.1   3.9
 20000 -10.8  12.6  210  56 29   6.5   3.6 | -10.7  12.7  235  52 27   7.2   3.9
 19500  -9.9  14.2  210  56 29   6.5   3.6 |  -9.6  14.7  235  52 27   7.2   3.9
 19000  -9.0  15.8  210  56 29   6.4   3.5 |  -8.6  16.5  235  51 26   7.6   4.2
 18500  -8.1  17.4  205  55 28   6.2   3.4 |  -7.5  18.5  235  51 26   7.9   4.3
 18000  -7.2  19.0  205  54 28   6.3   3.4 |  -6.3  20.7  235  51 26   8.1   4.4
 17500  -6.3  20.7  205  52 27   5.6   3.1 |  -5.3  22.5  235  51 26   6.5   3.6
 17000  -5.5  22.1  205  50 26   5.6   3.1 |  -4.3  24.3  230  51 26   6.7   3.7
 16500  -4.7  23.5  200  48 25   5.6   3.1 |  -3.4  25.9  230  52 27   6.2   3.4
 16000  -3.9  25.0  200  46 24   5.6   3.1 |  -2.5  27.5  230  51 26   5.9   3.2
 15500  -3.1  26.4  195  44 23   5.6   3.1 |  -1.7  28.9  225  50 26   5.7   3.1
 15000  -2.4  27.7  195  42 22   5.2   2.9 |  -1.0  30.2  225  49 25   4.8   2.6
 14500  -1.6  29.1  190  41 21   5.5   3.0 |  -0.3  31.5  220  48 25   5.0   2.8
 14000  -1.0  30.2  190  39 20   2.9   1.6 |   0.3  32.5  220  47 24   3.0   1.6
 13500  -0.6  30.9  185  37 19   3.1   1.7 |   0.7  33.3  215  46 24   3.4   1.9
 13000  -0.3  31.5  185  35 18  -1.1  -0.6 |   0.9  33.6  210  44 22  -1.3  -0.7
 12500  -0.6  30.9  180  33 17  -2.1  -1.2 |   0.6  33.1  210  40 20  -1.8  -1.0
 12000  -0.9  30.4  180  31 16  -4.8  -2.7 |   0.2  32.4  205  35 18  -4.9  -2.7
 11500  -1.8  28.8  175  28 14  -6.1  -3.3 |  -0.5  31.1  195  30 15  -6.0  -3.3
 11000  -2.5  27.5  165  25 13  -1.2  -0.6 |  -1.0  30.2  185  25 13   1.5   0.8
 10500  -2.2  28.0  160  19 10   1.5   0.8 |  -0.3  31.5  180  22 11   4.6   2.5
 10250  -2.1  28.2  155  17  9   1.0   0.5 |   0.0  32.0  175  21 11   2.5   1.4
 10000  -1.9  28.6  155  15  8   6.4   3.5 |   0.3  32.5  170  20 10   6.3   3.5
  9750  -1.1  30.0  155  14  7  11.2   6.1 |   1.0  33.8  165  19 10  11.3   6.2
  9500  -0.4  31.3  155  14  7   9.8   5.4 |   1.8  35.2  165  18  9  10.4   5.7
  9250   0.4  32.7  155  13  7  10.5   5.8 |   2.5  36.5  160  16  8   9.3   5.1
  9000   1.2  34.2  155  12  6  10.4   5.7 |   3.1  37.6  155  15  8   6.4   3.5
  8750   1.9  35.4  155  12  6   9.9   5.4 |   3.5  38.3  145  14  7   5.4   3.0
  8500   2.7  36.9  155  11  6   9.4   5.2 |   3.9  39.0  135  12  6   5.5   3.0
  8250   3.4  38.1  155  11  5  10.7   5.9 |   4.3  39.7  125  12  6   4.2   2.3
  8000   4.3  39.7  160  10  5  11.6   6.4 |   4.5  40.1  115  10  5   2.9   1.6
  7750   5.1  41.2  160  10  5   9.4   5.2 |   4.8  40.6  100  10  5   3.1   1.7
  7500   5.7  42.3  160   9  5   9.0   4.9 |   5.0  41.0  090   9  5   2.8   1.5
  7250   6.5  43.7  160   9  5  10.7   5.9 |   5.1  41.2  080   9  4   2.3   1.3
  7000   7.3  45.1  160   8  4  12.0   6.6 |   5.3  41.5  060   8  4   2.5   1.4
  6750   8.1  46.6  160   8  4   7.6   4.2 |   5.4  41.7  045   8  4   1.1   0.6
  6500   8.6  47.5  160   7  4   8.5   4.7 |   5.5  41.9  035   9  5   3.8   2.1
  6250  10.4  50.7  165   5  3  12.5   6.9 |   5.9  42.6  025   9  5   7.5   4.1
  6000  11.3  52.3  165   4  2   9.5   5.2 |   6.4  43.5  015   9  5   6.0   3.3
  5750  11.8  53.2  170   4  2   4.1   2.3 |   6.9  44.4  005  10  5   8.2   4.5
  5500  12.7  54.9  190   2  1  33.1  18.1 |   7.7  45.9  005   9  5  13.8   7.6
________________________________________________________________________________

This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC) and again by approximately 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC).  It is not
continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance.

The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken near the old Stapleton
Airport site in Denver, Colorado at

                   North Latitude:  39 deg 46 min 5.016 sec
                   West Longitude: 104 deg 52 min 9.984 sec
                   Elevation: 5285 feet (1611 meters)

and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the
Colorado Rocky Mountains.  Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground.  Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.

The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice.  Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page.  To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.

DEFINITIONS:

CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
     energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
     area on a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  Larger
     values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
     stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms.  Values around or
     greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
     convective activity develop.

CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
     needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
     a thermodynamic diagram.  Units are Joules per kilogram.  The more negative
     this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection.  This
     inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
     lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)

Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
     average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
     if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
     just becomes saturated.  It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
     produced by surface heating only.

Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
     the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level.  It can be considered a
     "trigger temperature" for that level.

Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.

Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
     mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists.  The location and
     existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
     waves.

K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
     between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
     of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
     of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface.  Larger
     positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
     thunderstorm development.  One interpretation of K index values regarding
     soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
     and is reproduced in the following table:

          below -10    no or weak thermals
           -10 to 5    dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
            5 to 15    good soaring conditions
           15 to 20    good soaring conditions with occasional showers
           20 to 30    excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
                       probability of showers and thunderstorms
           above 30    more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms

Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
     inversions.

Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
     average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
     maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.

Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
     level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
     an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
     condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
     level.  The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
     temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
     feet of the airmass.  Negative values are indicative of instability with
     positive values showing stable conditions.

Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals.  It is
     computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
     level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
     Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
     are applied to these calculations.

Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
     forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.

Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals.  It
     is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
     height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
     between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
     above the ground.  After this computation, further empirical adjustments
     are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
     middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment.

Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
     or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds.  Broken means that
     between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
     conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
     Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
     some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
     that little sunlight is reaching the ground.

Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
     1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
     2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
        where the wind speed no longer increases with height

PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
     on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
     sea level).  Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.

Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
                 and the time of overdevelopment.

Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
     temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
     through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level.  Negative values
     are indicative of thermal lift.

Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
     computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
     cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
     temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:

                 Maximum rate of lift        Adjective Rating
                      >= 800 fpm                 Excellent
                 >= 400 and < 800 fpm              Good
                 >= 200 and < 400 fpm              Fair
                       < 200 fpm                   Poor

Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
     which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
     1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
     2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
     3. initiation of widespread precipitation

Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
     reach the trigger temperature.

Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
     feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.

Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
     attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
     soaring into a single index number.  Objective points are assigned to
     these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
     stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
     the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
     movements.

042613