Soaring Guidance
Issued by NWS Denver/Boulder, CO
Issued by NWS Denver/Boulder, CO
770
UXUS97 KBOU 181312
SRGBOU
Soaring Forecast
National Weather Service Denver/Boulder, Colorado
0611 MST Tuesday, November 18, 2025
This forecast is for Tuesday, November 18, 2025:
If the trigger temperature of 57.4 F/14.1 C is reached...then
Thermal Soaring Index....................... Good
Maximum rate of lift........................ 558 ft/min (2.8 m/s)
Maximum height of thermals.................. 12255 ft MSL (6952 ft AGL)
Forecast maximum temperature................... 62.0 F/17.1 C
Time of trigger temperature.................... 1100 MST
Time of overdevelopment........................ None
Middle/high clouds during soaring window....... None
Surface winds during soaring window............ 20 mph or less
Height of the -3 thermal index................. 7804 ft MSL (2501 ft AGL)
Thermal soaring outlook for Wednesday 11/19.... Good
Wave Soaring Index............................. Poor
Wave Soaring Index trend (to 1700 MST).........
Height of stable layer (12-18K ft MSL)......... None
Weak PVA/NVA (through 1700 MST)................ Neither
Potential height of wave....................... 14430 ft MSL (9127 ft AGL)
Wave soaring outlook for Wednesday 11/19....... Poor
Remarks...
Sunrise/Sunset.................... 06:48:10 / 16:41:18 MST
Total possible sunshine........... 9 hr 53 min 7 sec (593 min 7 sec)
Altitude of sun at 11:44:44 MST... 30.71 degrees
Upper air data from numerical model forecast valid on 11/18/2025 at 0500 MST
Freezing level.................. 10109 ft MSL (4806 ft AGL)
Convective condensation level... 16853 ft MSL (11550 ft AGL)
Lifted condensation level....... 13898 ft MSL (8595 ft AGL)
Lifted index.................... +5.0
K index......................... +14.5
Height Temperature Wind Wind Spd Lapse Rate ConvectionT Thermal Lift Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft deg C deg F Index fpm m/s
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -59.4 -74.9 250 26 14 0.6 0.3 M M M M M
45000 -58.6 -73.5 260 41 21 0.2 0.1 M M M M M
40000 -58.5 -73.3 260 64 33 0.0 0.0 M M M M M
38000 -57.5 -71.5 260 66 34 2.9 1.6 M M M M M
36000 -55.5 -67.9 260 62 32 2.9 1.6 M M M M M
34000 -52.5 -62.5 265 57 29 9.0 4.9 M M M M M
32000 -47.1 -52.8 265 48 25 9.0 4.9 M M M M M
30000 -41.8 -43.2 265 39 20 8.5 4.7 34.0 93.1 13.0 M M
29000 -39.3 -38.7 265 35 18 8.5 4.7 33.4 92.1 12.8 M M
28000 -36.7 -34.1 265 31 16 8.5 4.7 33.0 91.3 12.6 M M
27000 -34.2 -29.6 265 27 14 8.0 4.4 32.6 90.6 12.4 M M
26000 -31.8 -25.2 260 23 12 8.0 4.4 31.8 89.2 11.9 M M
25000 -29.4 -20.9 260 19 10 8.0 4.4 31.1 88.0 11.5 M M
24000 -27.0 -16.6 260 15 8 8.0 4.4 30.5 87.0 11.2 M M
23000 -24.6 -12.3 260 15 8 8.0 4.4 29.8 85.6 10.7 M M
22000 -22.2 -8.0 255 15 7 8.0 4.4 29.2 84.5 10.3 M M
21000 -19.8 -3.6 255 14 7 8.5 4.6 28.6 83.5 10.0 M M
20000 -17.3 0.9 255 13 7 8.5 4.7 28.1 82.6 9.7 M M
19500 -16.0 3.2 250 13 7 8.5 4.7 27.9 82.2 9.5 M M
19000 -14.7 5.5 250 12 6 8.5 4.7 27.7 81.9 9.4 M M
18500 -13.0 8.6 245 11 6 6.7 3.7 27.3 81.1 9.1 M M
18000 -12.0 10.4 245 10 5 6.9 3.8 26.8 80.2 8.7 M M
17500 -11.0 12.2 245 9 5 5.1 2.8 26.2 79.2 8.2 M M
17000 -10.4 13.3 245 9 4 4.2 2.3 25.3 77.5 7.4 M M
16500 -9.8 14.4 250 8 4 4.1 2.2 24.3 75.7 6.5 M M
16000 -9.3 15.3 260 7 4 3.8 2.1 23.3 74.3 5.6 M M
15500 -8.7 16.3 275 7 3 3.7 2.0 22.3 72.2 4.7 M M
15000 -8.1 17.4 285 7 3 5.2 2.8 21.4 70.5 3.9 M M
14500 -7.4 18.7 295 8 4 5.2 2.8 20.6 69.2 3.2 M M
14000 -6.6 20.1 300 9 4 4.8 2.7 19.9 67.8 2.5 M M
13500 -6.0 21.2 300 9 4 4.8 2.6 19.0 66.3 1.7 M M
13000 -5.3 22.5 300 9 4 5.2 2.9 18.2 64.8 1.0 M M
12500 -4.5 23.9 305 8 4 5.4 3.0 17.5 63.6 0.3 M M
12000 -3.7 25.3 315 8 4 5.5 3.0 16.9 62.3 -0.4 536 2.7
11500 -2.9 26.8 330 8 4 5.6 3.1 16.2 61.1 -1.1 497 2.5
11000 -2.1 28.2 345 9 4 7.3 4.0 15.5 60.0 -1.7 458 2.3
10500 -0.8 30.6 355 9 5 9.3 5.1 15.3 59.6 -1.9 404 2.1
10250 -0.1 31.8 355 10 5 5.3 2.9 15.2 59.4 -2.0 377 1.9
10000 0.1 32.2 360 10 5 6.0 3.3 14.7 58.5 -2.4 361 1.8
9750 0.9 33.6 360 9 5 10.6 5.8 14.7 58.5 -2.4 332 1.7
9500 1.6 34.9 360 8 4 9.5 5.2 14.7 58.5 -2.4 302 1.5
9250 2.4 36.3 360 6 3 9.5 5.2 14.7 58.5 -2.4 273 1.4
9000 3.1 37.6 360 5 3 9.1 5.0 14.7 58.4 -2.5 244 1.2
8750 3.7 38.7 355 4 2 9.2 5.1 14.6 58.4 -2.5 216 1.1
8500 4.5 40.1 350 4 2 9.7 5.3 14.6 58.3 -2.5 187 1.0
8250 5.2 41.4 340 3 2 8.3 4.6 14.6 58.3 -2.6 158 0.8
8000 5.7 42.3 330 5 3 6.5 3.6 14.4 57.9 -2.8 135 0.7
7750 6.2 43.2 330 7 3 5.3 2.9 14.1 57.4 -3.0 114 0.6
7500 6.5 43.7 325 8 4 4.4 2.4 13.7 56.7 -3.4 96 0.5
7250 6.8 44.2 320 10 5 4.6 2.5 13.3 56.0 -3.8 79 0.4
7000 7.2 45.0 315 11 6 4.6 2.5 12.9 55.2 -4.3 62 0.3
6750 7.5 45.5 310 13 7 3.8 2.1 12.5 54.5 -4.7 45 0.2
6500 7.7 45.9 305 14 7 1.7 1.0 12.0 53.5 -5.3 32 0.2
6250 7.7 45.9 300 13 7 0.4 0.2 11.3 52.3 -5.9 23 0.1
6000 7.8 46.0 295 11 6 1.5 0.8 10.6 51.1 -6.7 14 0.1
5750 7.8 46.0 290 9 5 -2.8 -1.5 9.9 49.8 -7.4 5 0.0
5500 6.9 44.4 275 6 3 -24.5 -13.5 8.3 46.9 -9.0 25 0.1
* * * * * * Numerical weather prediction model forecast data valid * * * * * *
11/18/2025 at 0800 MST | 11/18/2025 at 1100 MST
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +4.9 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +5.0
CINH... 0.0 K Index... +12.7 | CINH... 0.0 K Index... +3.7
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -60.9 -77.6 245 33 17 0.3 0.2 | -60.5 -76.9 240 35 18 0.2 0.1
45000 -60.5 -76.9 250 53 27 0.9 0.5 | -60.2 -76.4 245 54 28 0.8 0.4
40000 -58.7 -73.7 250 63 33 1.1 0.6 | -58.7 -73.7 240 68 35 1.0 0.5
38000 -57.1 -70.8 250 63 32 3.5 1.9 | -56.9 -70.4 240 69 35 4.0 2.2
36000 -55.0 -67.0 250 60 31 3.5 1.9 | -54.5 -66.1 235 67 35 4.0 2.2
34000 -52.0 -61.6 245 56 29 8.7 4.8 | -51.3 -60.3 235 64 33 7.8 4.3
32000 -46.7 -52.1 245 48 25 8.8 4.8 | -46.6 -51.9 235 57 30 7.8 4.3
30000 -41.6 -42.9 245 41 21 8.5 4.6 | -41.7 -43.1 235 51 26 9.3 5.1
29000 -38.4 -37.1 245 37 19 8.4 4.6 | -38.2 -36.8 235 48 25 9.3 5.1
28000 -35.9 -32.6 240 34 17 8.4 4.6 | -35.5 -31.9 235 46 23 9.3 5.1
27000 -33.4 -28.1 240 31 16 8.3 4.5 | -32.8 -27.0 235 43 22 8.3 4.6
26000 -30.9 -23.6 240 30 16 8.3 4.6 | -30.2 -22.4 235 41 21 8.4 4.6
25000 -28.4 -19.1 245 30 15 8.3 4.6 | -27.7 -17.9 235 39 20 8.4 4.6
24000 -26.0 -14.8 245 28 15 7.9 4.4 | -25.2 -13.4 235 36 19 7.3 4.0
23000 -23.6 -10.5 240 25 13 7.9 4.3 | -23.1 -9.6 230 30 16 7.1 3.9
22000 -21.2 -6.2 235 21 11 7.9 4.3 | -21.0 -5.8 225 24 13 7.1 3.9
21000 -18.9 -2.0 225 18 9 6.9 3.8 | -18.9 -2.0 220 21 11 6.3 3.4
20000 -16.8 1.8 220 16 8 7.0 3.8 | -17.0 1.4 215 22 11 6.4 3.5
19500 -15.8 3.6 220 15 8 7.0 3.8 | -16.1 3.0 210 23 12 6.4 3.5
19000 -14.7 5.5 215 15 8 7.0 3.8 | -15.1 4.8 210 24 12 6.4 3.5
18500 -13.7 7.3 215 14 7 6.8 3.7 | -14.2 6.4 205 24 13 5.9 3.2
18000 -12.7 9.1 215 14 7 6.8 3.7 | -13.3 8.1 210 23 12 5.8 3.2
17500 -11.7 10.9 220 13 7 6.5 3.6 | -12.4 9.7 210 22 12 6.1 3.3
17000 -10.9 12.4 220 13 6 5.0 2.7 | -11.4 11.5 215 21 11 7.2 3.9
16500 -10.2 13.6 225 12 6 5.2 2.8 | -10.4 13.3 215 20 10 7.4 4.0
16000 -9.5 14.9 230 11 6 4.3 2.3 | -9.5 14.9 215 18 9 4.5 2.5
15500 -8.9 16.0 230 9 5 4.3 2.4 | -8.5 16.7 215 15 8 4.5 2.5
15000 -8.0 17.6 235 7 4 4.3 2.4 | -7.9 17.8 215 14 7 4.4 2.4
14500 -7.4 18.7 240 6 3 4.5 2.4 | -7.3 18.9 210 12 6 4.5 2.5
14000 -6.9 19.6 245 5 3 3.2 1.7 | -6.7 19.9 210 12 6 4.7 2.6
13500 -6.5 20.3 250 5 3 3.1 1.7 | -6.1 21.0 210 11 6 4.8 2.6
13000 -6.0 21.2 255 5 3 4.9 2.7 | -5.4 22.3 210 11 6 4.6 2.5
12500 -5.2 22.6 260 5 3 5.2 2.9 | -4.8 23.4 210 11 6 4.6 2.5
12000 -4.4 24.1 270 4 2 6.3 3.4 | -4.1 24.6 210 11 6 5.0 2.8
11500 -3.4 25.9 290 3 2 6.6 3.6 | -3.4 25.9 205 10 5 5.1 2.8
11000 -2.4 27.7 330 3 2 8.4 4.6 | -2.5 27.5 205 9 4 7.1 3.9
10500 -1.1 30.0 360 4 2 10.1 5.5 | -1.4 29.5 200 6 3 8.5 4.7
10250 -0.4 31.3 005 5 3 4.3 2.4 | -0.8 30.6 195 5 3 4.1 2.3
10000 -0.2 31.6 010 5 3 5.3 2.9 | -0.6 30.9 190 5 2 5.9 3.2
9750 0.6 33.1 015 5 2 11.6 6.4 | 0.2 32.4 180 4 2 11.5 6.3
9500 1.3 34.3 020 4 2 10.3 5.6 | 1.0 33.8 165 4 2 10.4 5.7
9250 2.1 35.8 025 4 2 9.3 5.1 | 1.7 35.1 150 4 2 9.3 5.1
9000 2.7 36.9 030 3 1 7.5 4.1 | 2.3 36.1 140 4 2 7.7 4.2
8750 3.3 37.9 040 2 1 8.0 4.4 | 3.0 37.4 135 5 3 8.6 4.7
8500 4.0 39.2 055 2 1 8.9 4.9 | 3.6 38.5 135 6 3 9.0 4.9
8250 4.6 40.3 070 2 1 5.3 2.9 | 4.3 39.7 130 7 3 7.6 4.1
8000 4.8 40.6 055 2 1 2.2 1.2 | 4.8 40.6 135 7 4 6.2 3.4
7750 5.0 41.0 050 2 1 3.0 1.6 | 5.2 41.4 145 8 4 4.5 2.5
7500 5.2 41.4 045 3 1 3.4 1.9 | 5.5 41.9 150 8 4 3.8 2.1
7250 5.5 41.9 025 3 1 5.2 2.8 | 5.8 42.4 155 8 4 5.1 2.8
7000 5.9 42.6 360 3 2 5.8 3.2 | 6.2 43.2 165 7 4 5.7 3.1
6750 6.3 43.3 340 4 2 5.4 3.0 | 6.6 43.9 175 7 3 4.2 2.3
6500 6.7 44.1 335 5 3 2.3 1.3 | 6.9 44.4 180 6 3 7.3 4.0
6250 6.7 44.1 320 5 3 -0.1 -0.0 | 7.7 45.9 180 5 3 11.1 6.1
6000 6.7 44.1 305 5 3 1.1 0.6 | 8.4 47.1 185 5 2 9.6 5.2
5750 6.7 44.1 290 6 3 -1.3 -0.7 | 9.2 48.6 185 4 2 11.9 6.6
5500 6.3 43.3 270 4 2 -12.9 -7.1 | 10.3 50.5 180 4 2 18.2 10.0
11/18/2025 at 1400 MST | 11/18/2025 at 1700 MST
|
CAPE... 0.0 LI... +4.7 | CAPE... 0.0 LI... +3.5
CINH... 0.0 K Index... +4.1 | CINH... 0.0 K Index... +6.0
|
Height Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate | Temperature Wnd WndSpd Lapse Rate
ft MSL deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft | deg C deg F Dir kt m/s C/km F/kft
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50000 -60.6 -77.1 240 37 19 1.1 0.6 | -61.0 -77.8 235 40 21 1.1 0.6
45000 -58.9 -74.0 235 53 28 0.6 0.3 | -59.3 -74.7 235 59 30 0.9 0.5
40000 -58.2 -72.8 235 76 39 0.4 0.2 | -58.0 -72.4 235 81 42 0.9 0.5
38000 -56.5 -69.7 235 82 42 4.2 2.3 | -56.0 -68.8 235 88 45 4.5 2.5
36000 -54.0 -65.2 235 88 45 4.2 2.3 | -53.3 -63.9 235 93 48 4.5 2.5
34000 -50.9 -59.6 235 87 45 7.2 3.9 | -50.2 -58.4 230 95 49 7.0 3.8
32000 -46.6 -51.9 230 72 37 7.2 4.0 | -46.0 -50.8 230 85 44 7.1 3.9
30000 -41.3 -42.3 230 57 30 8.9 4.9 | -41.6 -42.9 225 73 38 8.0 4.4
29000 -38.6 -37.5 230 52 27 8.9 4.9 | -38.6 -37.5 225 61 31 8.0 4.4
28000 -36.0 -32.8 230 47 24 8.9 4.9 | -36.2 -33.2 225 52 27 8.0 4.4
27000 -33.4 -28.1 230 43 22 7.9 4.4 | -33.8 -28.8 220 44 23 7.8 4.3
26000 -31.0 -23.8 230 41 21 8.0 4.4 | -31.5 -24.7 225 42 22 7.8 4.3
25000 -28.6 -19.5 235 40 20 8.0 4.4 | -29.1 -20.4 230 39 20 7.8 4.3
24000 -26.2 -15.2 235 38 19 7.1 3.9 | -26.8 -16.2 235 38 19 7.0 3.8
23000 -24.2 -11.6 235 35 18 6.9 3.8 | -24.8 -12.6 235 38 20 6.8 3.8
22000 -22.1 -7.8 235 33 17 6.9 3.8 | -22.8 -9.0 235 39 20 6.9 3.8
21000 -20.0 -4.0 230 31 16 7.2 3.9 | -20.7 -5.3 230 38 20 7.0 3.9
20000 -17.9 -0.2 235 31 16 7.2 3.9 | -18.6 -1.5 235 36 18 7.0 3.8
19500 -16.8 1.8 235 31 16 7.2 3.9 | -17.6 0.3 235 34 18 7.0 3.8
19000 -15.7 3.7 235 31 16 7.2 4.0 | -16.5 2.3 240 33 17 6.9 3.8
18500 -14.7 5.5 235 31 16 6.3 3.4 | -15.4 4.3 240 32 16 7.9 4.3
18000 -13.8 7.2 230 30 16 6.1 3.3 | -14.2 6.4 240 31 16 8.1 4.4
17500 -12.9 8.8 230 29 15 6.1 3.4 | -13.0 8.6 240 30 16 8.1 4.4
17000 -11.9 10.6 230 29 15 6.5 3.6 | -11.8 10.8 240 29 15 8.1 4.4
16500 -11.0 12.2 230 28 14 6.6 3.6 | -10.5 13.1 240 29 15 8.3 4.6
16000 -9.6 14.7 230 27 14 6.2 3.4 | -9.5 14.9 245 28 14 6.0 3.3
15500 -8.7 16.3 225 26 13 6.2 3.4 | -8.6 16.5 245 27 14 6.2 3.4
15000 -7.7 18.1 225 25 13 6.6 3.6 | -7.4 18.7 245 25 13 4.4 2.4
14500 -6.7 19.9 225 23 12 6.6 3.6 | -6.8 19.8 245 23 12 4.6 2.5
14000 -5.9 21.4 225 22 12 5.4 3.0 | -6.1 21.0 250 22 11 5.1 2.8
13500 -5.1 22.8 225 22 11 5.5 3.0 | -5.4 22.3 245 20 10 5.1 2.8
13000 -4.3 24.3 225 21 11 4.6 2.5 | -4.7 23.5 245 18 9 5.2 2.9
12500 -3.7 25.3 220 20 10 4.5 2.5 | -3.9 25.0 240 16 8 5.2 2.9
12000 -3.1 26.4 215 20 10 4.6 2.5 | -3.2 26.2 230 15 8 5.2 2.9
11500 -2.5 27.5 210 19 10 4.7 2.6 | -2.4 27.7 215 13 7 5.1 2.8
11000 -1.8 28.8 200 19 10 6.0 3.3 | -1.5 29.3 195 12 6 8.6 4.7
10500 -0.8 30.6 190 17 9 7.0 3.8 | -0.1 31.8 185 12 6 10.4 5.7
10250 -0.4 31.3 185 16 8 4.4 2.4 | 0.6 33.1 180 12 6 5.3 2.9
10000 -0.1 31.8 180 16 8 6.7 3.7 | 0.8 33.4 175 12 6 6.3 3.5
9750 0.6 33.1 175 14 7 11.0 6.1 | 1.7 35.1 170 12 6 12.1 6.6
9500 1.4 34.5 165 13 7 10.2 5.6 | 2.5 36.5 170 13 7 10.9 6.0
9250 2.1 35.8 160 13 6 9.2 5.0 | 3.3 37.9 165 13 7 9.9 5.4
9000 2.8 37.0 150 12 6 8.5 4.7 | 3.9 39.0 165 13 7 8.7 4.8
8750 3.5 38.3 150 11 6 9.9 5.4 | 4.6 40.3 160 13 7 9.5 5.2
8500 4.2 39.6 145 11 6 10.0 5.5 | 5.3 41.5 160 13 7 9.4 5.2
8250 5.0 41.0 145 11 5 9.7 5.3 | 6.1 43.0 160 13 7 9.9 5.4
8000 5.7 42.3 145 10 5 9.4 5.2 | 6.8 44.2 155 13 7 10.0 5.5
7750 6.4 43.5 145 10 5 9.3 5.1 | 7.5 45.5 155 13 7 8.8 4.8
7500 7.0 44.6 140 10 5 9.4 5.1 | 8.1 46.6 150 13 7 8.7 4.8
7250 7.8 46.0 140 10 5 9.8 5.4 | 8.8 47.8 150 13 7 9.5 5.2
7000 8.5 47.3 140 9 5 10.1 5.6 | 9.5 49.1 145 13 6 9.7 5.3
6750 9.2 48.6 140 9 5 8.9 4.9 | 10.2 50.4 140 12 6 9.5 5.2
6500 9.9 49.8 140 9 5 9.7 5.3 | 10.9 51.6 140 12 6 8.3 4.6
6250 10.7 51.3 140 8 4 11.4 6.2 | 11.5 52.7 135 11 6 7.3 4.0
6000 11.5 52.7 140 8 4 10.9 6.0 | 12.0 53.6 125 11 6 8.2 4.5
5750 12.4 54.3 140 8 4 11.2 6.2 | 12.6 54.7 120 10 5 5.6 3.1
5500 13.3 55.9 140 7 4 14.0 7.7 | 12.7 54.9 110 8 4 -3.0 -1.7
________________________________________________________________________________
This product is issued twice per day, once by approximately 0630 MST/0730 MDT
(1330 UTC) and again by approximately 1830 MST/1930 MDT (0130 UTC). It is not
continuously monitored nor updated after its initial issuance.
The information contained herein is based on rawinsonde observation and/or
numerical weather prediction model data taken near the old Stapleton
Airport site in Denver, Colorado at
North Latitude: 39 deg 46 min 5.016 sec
West Longitude: 104 deg 52 min 9.984 sec
Elevation: 5285 feet (1611 meters)
and may not be representative of other areas along the Front Range of the
Colorado Rocky Mountains. Note that some elevations in numerical weather
prediction models differ from actual station elevations, which can lead to
data which appear to be below ground. Erroneous data such as these should
not be used.
The content and format of this report as well as the issuance times are subject
to change without prior notice. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should
be directed to one of the addresses or phone numbers shown at the bottom of this
page. To expedite a response to comments, be sure to mention your interest in
the soaring forecast.
DEFINITIONS:
CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) - An integrated measure of the
energy available for convective development, also known as the positive
area on a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. Larger
values are indicative of greater instability and the possibility of
stronger convective activity, including thunderstorms. Values around or
greater than 1000 suggest the possibility of severe weather should
convective activity develop.
CINH (Convective Inhibition) - An integrated measure of the amount of energy
needed to initiate convective activity, also known as the negative area on
a thermodynamic diagram. Units are Joules per kilogram. The more negative
this number, the more energy is required to initiate convection. This
inhibitive energy can be overcome through surface heating, cooling aloft,
lifting mechanisms (orographic, frontal, gravity waves, etc.)
Convective Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average saturation mixing ratio in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass,
if heated sufficiently from below, will rise dry adiabatically until it
just becomes saturated. It estimates the base of cumulus clouds that are
produced by surface heating only.
Convection Temperature (ConvectionT) - The surface temperature required to make
the airmass dry adiabatic up to the given level. It can be considered a
"trigger temperature" for that level.
Freezing Level - The height where the temperature is zero degrees Celsius.
Height of Stable Layer - The height (between 12,000 and 18,000 feet above
mean sea level) where the smallest lapse rate exists. The location and
existence of this feature is important in the generation of mountain
waves.
K Index - A measure of stability which combines the temperature difference
between approximately 5,000 and 18,000 feet above the surface, the amount
of moisture at approximately 5,000 feet above the surface, and a measure
of the dryness at approximately 10,000 feet above the surface. Larger
positive numbers indicate more instability and a greater likelihood of
thunderstorm development. One interpretation of K index values regarding
soaring in the western United States is given in WMO Technical Note 158
and is reproduced in the following table:
below -10 no or weak thermals
-10 to 5 dry thermals or 1/8 cumulus with moderate thermals
5 to 15 good soaring conditions
15 to 20 good soaring conditions with occasional showers
20 to 30 excellent soaring conditions, but increasing
probability of showers and thunderstorms
above 30 more than 60 percent probability of thunderstorms
Lapse Rate - The change with height of the temperature. Negative values indicate
inversions.
Lifted Condensation Level - The height to which an air parcel possessing the
average dew point in the lowest 4000 feet of the airmass and the forecast
maximum temperature must be lifted dry adiabatically to attain saturation.
Lifted Index (LI) - The difference between the environmental temperature at a
level approximately 18,000 feet above the surface and the temperature of
an air parcel lifted dry adiabatically from the surface to its lifted
condensation level and then pseudoadiabatically thereafter to this same
level. The parcel`s initial temperature is the forecast maximum
temperature and its dew point is the average dew point in the lowest 4000
feet of the airmass. Negative values are indicative of instability with
positive values showing stable conditions.
Lift Rate - An experimental estimate of the strength of thermals. It is
computed the same way as the maximum rate of lift but uses the actual
level rather than the maximum height of thermals in the calculation.
Also, none of the empirical adjustments based on cloudiness and K-index
are applied to these calculations.
Maximum Height of Thermals - The height where the dry adiabat through the
forecast maximum temperature intersects the environmental temperature.
Maximum Rate of Lift - An estimate of the maximum strength of thermals. It
is computed from an empirical formula which combines the expected maximum
height of thermals with the difference in the environmental temperatures
between the maximum height of thermals and the temperature 4,000 feet
above the ground. After this computation, further empirical adjustments
are made based on the value of the K-index and the amount and opacity of
middle and high level cloudiness expected between the time of trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment.
Middle/High Clouds - The amount and opacity of middle (altostratus, altocumulus)
or high (cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus) clouds. Broken means that
between 60% and 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud, with overcast
conditions occurring when more than 90% of the sky is covered by the cloud.
Thin implies that the clouds are predominantly transparent, meaning that
some sunlight is reaching the ground, in contrast to opaque which suggests
that little sunlight is reaching the ground.
Potential Height of Wave - The minimum of the following two heights:
1. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind direction changes by 30 degrees or more
2. Level above the height of stable layer (or 14,000 feet if none exists)
where the wind speed no longer increases with height
PVA/NVA - Positive vorticity advection (PVA)/negative vorticity advection (NVA)
on the 500 millibar isobaric surface (approximately 18,000 feet above mean
sea level). Weak PVA has been shown to assist in mountain wave soaring.
Soaring Window - The time between the time the trigger temperature is reached
and the time of overdevelopment.
Thermal Index - The difference between the environmental temperature and the
temperature at a particular level determined by following the dry adiabat
through the forecast maximum temperature up to that level. Negative values
are indicative of thermal lift.
Thermal Soaring Index - An adjective rating (for sailplanes) based on the
computed maximum rate of lift, and the wind speed and middle and high
cloud cover expected during the soaring window (the time of the trigger
temperature and the time of overdevelopment) according to the following:
Maximum rate of lift Adjective Rating
>= 800 fpm Excellent
>= 400 and < 800 fpm Good
>= 200 and < 400 fpm Fair
< 200 fpm Poor
Time of Overdevelopment - The time one or more of the following phenomena,
which essentially shut off thermal lift, is expected to occur:
1. formation of broken to overcast convective cloud cover
2. formation of scattered to numerous downbursts
3. initiation of widespread precipitation
Time of Trigger Temperature - The time the surface temperature is expected to
reach the trigger temperature.
Trigger Temperature - The surface temperature required to make the first 4000
feet of the atmosphere dry adiabatic.
Wave Soaring Index - An empirical, adjective rating (for sailplanes) which
attempts to combine a variety of phenomena important in mountain wave
soaring into a single index number. Objective points are assigned to
these phenomena: wind speed and direction at 14,000 ft MSL, the static
stability in the 12,000-18,000 ft MSL layer, the wind speed gradient above
the stable layer, jet stream location and frontal and upper trough
movements.
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