928
FXUS63 KDMX 160755
AFDDMX

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Des Moines IA
255 AM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Scattered thunderstorms this morning in northern Iowa with
  strong to severe storms across northern into central Iowa
  later this afternoon and evening, continuing overnight. All
  modes of severe weather are possible.

- Severe storms forecast again on Tuesday with all modes of
  severe storms once again possible. The main window for severe
  storms is in the afternoon and evening, however scattered
  thunderstorm activity remains possible in the morning and
  continuing overnight into Wednesday.

- Increasing confidence in heavy rainfall this week that could
  lead to flash flooding and/or river flooding later in the
  week. Similar to above, the location is not clear, but chances
  will increase if rain can repeat over the same basins and as
  time goes on in the week.

- Staying warm and humid most days through late this week and
  next weekend.

&&

.UPDATE...
Issued at 255 AM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025

The most immediate hazard this morning is the potential for patchy
fog development across the area with an environment with plenty of
available moisture and very little wind. Patchy valley fog has
already been reported overnight and expect that this will continue,
with perhaps some expansion, through sunrise.

Our attention remains focused on severe and hydro hazards,
primarily today and Tuesday. Early this morning convection
continues to bubble along the stationary boundary that is still
draped across northern Iowa. As has been the case the past
several nights now, shear is very weak and the severe potential
remains low with any of the overnight activity. While a lull is
likely into the morning hours, an isolated thunderstorm at any
time through today cannot be ruled out. CAMs struggle, as they
have all weekend, in handling convection in this environment
with plenty of instability and very little organizing shear. The
main window for convection with come later today when a
shortwave drops out of South Dakota and across northern into
central Iowa. This should provide a little better focus for
convective development compared to the last several days, and
shear is incrementally better as well. With 0-6 km shear
approaching 30-35 kts and MLCAPE 2500-3500+ J/kg across northern
Iowa strong to severe storms are anticipated. Wind and hail are
the primary concerns, given steep lapse rates over 7 C/km and
DCAPE nearing 1000 J/kg. There is also a low end tornado threat
in northwest Iowa with shear sufficient for sustaining rotating
updrafts and 0-3 CAPE around 100- 150 J/kg. At the same time,
expect continued efficient rain producers with 1-2" of QPF
across mainly northern Iowa today. This falls across areas that
received 1-3" of rain late last week, increasing the chance for
ponding of water, river rises, and isolated chances for flash
flooding in urban areas.

Remnants of a decaying central plains MCW are expected to move into
Iowa overnight into the early Tuesday morning hours. This may impact
convection later in the day as a more robust (the most robust
in this series) is set to move across the area on Tuesday. The
instability gradient continues to bisect the state on Tuesday
and expect that convection will ride along that gradient. Shear
is also a bit better but could be a little displaced from the
better instability. An important component on Tuesday is that in
addition to the best shear in this series, the directional shear
component will increase potential for sustained rotating
updrafts to produce hail and a tornado threat. Of course the
details of Monday`s convection and the remnant MCS across the
area on Tuesday morning will influence how these details come
together. And in addition to the severe potential, another
widespread 2" of rain is anticipated across central Iowa with
pockets of 3+" likely. With the repeated days of heavy rain the
hydro concerns increase, particularly in areas that may receive
back to back hits. We`ll be keeping a careful eye on these areas
towards Tuesday and into Wednesday as cumulative effects are
finally realized. With convection continue overnight and into
Wednesday as the system finally pushes off to the east,
lingering hydro concerns are expected as water filters into
river basins.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 301 PM CDT Sun Jun 15 2025

Early day showers and storms lingered much longer into the morning
hours than CAMs wanted to let them with most early day runs
initiating and then immediately diminishing any ongoing activity.
This is especially true for the MCV which has continued to persist
through SD into MN this morning into afternoon, though in most
morning runs past 12Z data was not the case. The morning
showers/storms did leave clouds around into early afternoon, but
these have started to dissipate in northwest Iowa with temperatures
continuing to warm into the upper 70s to 80s while dew points are in
the 60s to even 70s across the area. Like yesterday, have already
noted bubbling cu on satellite early this afternoon with MLCAPE
values of 1000-2000 J/kg present across the area per SPC
Mesoanalysis. Shear remains the limiting factor again today with
values remaining quite weak, generally less than 20 knots of bulk
shear across the area and at most approaching 30-35 knots far
west/northwest as we get into the evening hours. In addition to the
MCV, a weak shortwave is moving into the area while the boundary of
the last several days also continues to arc roughly northwest to
southeast through the middle of the area. This boundary will
continue to lift north this afternoon with storms expected to
initiate near the boundary and in the instability gradient with some
isolated development to the south and more scattered activity to the
north diving south with time. Generally speaking the severe threat
remains lower, not too dissimilar to last night, with a few strong
to marginally severe storms possible with small hail and gusty
winds, the better threat area where the SPC Day 1 Marginal (Level 1
of 5) is placed in northwest into portions of north central Iowa.
What needs watching is how this MCV continues to progress with time
as the last night to earlier day runs that actually continued this
MCV with time today turn it into a wind threat (though mostly sub
severe) as it moves through portions of northern into central/east
central Iowa. Will continue to monitor closely tonight. As occurred
last night, can`t rule out festering showers/storms through the
overnight though timing and placement remains quite uncertain given
current model trends again not capturing ongoing activity well.

The next shortwave in the shortwave train moves through the region
on Monday. It is stronger than the one today, but largely passes to
the north of the state. With a cold front diving south out of the
Northern Plains and a likely overnight MCS in portions of ND/MN as
well, these become the foci for our next round of storms.
Instability, shear, and lapse rates all peak to the north and west
of the area and this is where the SPC Day 2 Enhanced (Level 3 of 5)
risk is for supercells that could bring large hail, damaging winds,
and some tornadoes. Iowa is on the periphery of this activity which
overall is a conditional threat pending on what happens tonight and
festers overnight into Monday morning. In addition to the shortwave,
a mid-level jet will be in place to the north that could help
convection to the north continue or even redevelop Monday afternoon,
potentially arriving in Iowa in the evening as the front dives
south. Should storms occur/make it to Iowa organization will drive
the threats but at this time, all hazards could be on the table.
Again, this is a highly conditional threat that will continue to be
monitored very closely into tomorrow.

The shortwave train continues on Tuesday when the best forcing
finally arrives in the area and will be paired with the sinking cold
front and the best combination of instability and shear that we`ve
seen of the last several active days. This will create another day
of potential severe weather on Tuesday. Mesoscale details remain
important as does timing of previous day activity/amount of
clearing/destabilization and the location of the boundaries in terms
of the main threat area and even ultimately hazards, but anyone with
outdoor interests especially should continue to monitor the weather
closely over the next several days.

The other component of this early week activity is how much rain we
may see after having already received anywhere from a trace to 2+
inches last night into this morning. HREF 48 hour PMM QPF values
from 12Z this morning to 12Z Tuesday add another 1-3+ inches to
this, without including activity on Tuesday. Given 1-2"+ pwats
persist through early week with warm cloud depths promoting
efficient rainfall, cumulative hydro concerns become an increasing
threat after each subsequent round of rain. Any flash flooding
concerns would be in the areas that see repeated storms. However,
the several rounds of storms will increase rain in the rivers and
will lead to at least increased flows on area rivers if not some
possible river flooding by the end of the week. This hydro threat
will also be watched closely but is highly dependent on when, where,
and how much rain falls over any one area.

&&

.AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z TUESDAY/...
Issued at 1154 PM CDT Sun Jun 15 2025

Showers and thunderstorms have all but dissipated with only some
light rain drifting over northern Iowa early this morning.
While it`s quiet now, conditions are favorable for more sporadic
showers and storms through this period. That said, timing and
location of storms is fairly low confidence, but the most
favorable locations through the period are over northern Iowa.
TAFs reflect this. If storms do develop over a TAF site, heavy
rain and lightning are the most likely impacts, although some
gusty winds are possible as well.

With recent rainfall, there will be a risk for some shallow fog
through the morning hours. Not expecting this to be widespread,
but isolated impacts are possible. Most likely location would be
KDSM, so have included brief visibility reductions in the
morning.

&&

.DMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.

&&

$$

UPDATE...Hagenhoff
DISCUSSION...05
AVIATION...Dodson