Point Forecast Matrices
Issued by NWS Sterling, VA
Issued by NWS Sterling, VA
126 FOUS51 KLWX 170538 PFMLWX Point Forecast Matrices National Weather Service Baltimore MD/Washington DC 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 VAZ054-172000- Reagan National Airport-Arlington VA 38.86N 77.03W Elev. 66 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 95 77 88 75 85 Temp 78 79 88 94 94 88 84 82 79 79 83 86 84 81 78 77 76 76 80 83 82 78 Dewpt 75 75 75 73 72 74 74 73 72 70 69 69 69 69 70 70 70 70 71 72 73 73 RH 91 88 66 51 49 63 72 74 79 74 63 57 61 67 76 79 82 82 74 70 74 85 Wind dir S SW SW SW SW SW W NW NW N NW NW NW NE SE E E E SE S S S Wind spd 9 11 11 13 13 10 9 8 8 8 6 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 6 8 6 Clouds B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC FW SC B1 B2 B2 B2 B1 B2 B1 B1 B2 B2 B2 PoP 12hr 30 10 30 30 60 QPF 12hr 0.06 0 0.01 0 0.19 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S C C S S C C C C L L C Tstms S C C S S S C C C Heat index 98103102 97 91 87 87 90 88 84 83 88 87 Max heat 103 105 94 86 90 90 83 88 89 Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 75 90 73 85 70 85 71 89 Temp 76 78 87 82 76 74 82 78 73 73 82 79 74 75 85 81 Dewpt 73 73 73 72 70 66 65 65 65 65 66 66 68 69 69 70 PWind dir SW W N NE NE E SE S Wind char LT GN LT LT LT LT LT GN Avg clouds B2 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 PoP 12hr 30 50 20 20 10 20 20 30 Rain shwrs C S C S S S S S C Tstms C C S S S S $$ MDZ013-172000- Baltimore/Washington Airport-Anne Arundel MD 39.19N 76.67W Elev. 154 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 95 75 87 73 85 Temp 76 79 88 94 94 89 83 79 77 77 83 85 84 81 78 75 74 75 80 83 82 78 Dewpt 75 76 75 74 73 74 74 73 71 70 69 69 69 69 69 68 68 69 71 73 74 75 RH 97 91 66 53 51 61 74 82 82 79 63 59 61 67 74 79 82 82 74 72 77 91 Wind dir SW SW W W SW SW W W NW N NW NW NW E E E E E SE S S S Wind spd 6 9 9 11 11 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 4 5 5 4 Clouds B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC FW SC SC B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 PoP 12hr 20 10 20 20 60 QPF 12hr 0.13 0 0 0 0.10 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S S S S S S S C C L L C Tstms S S S S C C C Heat index 98105103 98 90 87 89 88 84 83 89 88 Max heat 105 105 93 89 89 83 89 90 Heat Y Y Y Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 73 90 71 85 69 85 70 89 Temp 75 76 87 82 74 73 82 77 71 71 82 78 72 73 85 81 Dewpt 74 74 75 74 70 67 67 66 65 66 67 67 69 70 71 72 PWind dir SW NW N NE NE E S SE Wind char LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT Avg clouds B2 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 PoP 12hr 40 50 20 20 10 20 20 30 Rain shwrs C S S C S S S S S S C Tstms C S S C S S S $$ MDZ011-172000- Baltimore Inner Harbor-Baltimore City MD 39.28N 76.61W Elev. 20 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 96 80 91 77 90 Temp 81 81 90 95 96 92 88 85 81 80 86 88 88 85 83 80 78 78 85 86 87 83 Dewpt 74 74 74 73 71 74 73 72 70 67 66 67 66 66 67 66 66 67 68 70 71 72 RH 79 79 60 49 45 56 61 65 69 65 51 50 48 53 59 62 67 69 57 59 59 70 Wind dir SW SW W W SW SW W NW NW N NW NW NW NE E E E E SE S S S Wind spd 5 6 9 11 11 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 4 5 5 4 Clouds B1 SC FW B1 SC SC FW FW SC FW SC B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 PoP 12hr 20 10 10 20 60 QPF 12hr 0.04 0 0 0 0.09 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S S S S C C L L C Tstms S S C C C Heat index 86 86 99105104102 96 91 85 82 88 91 90 87 86 82 88 91 93 88 Max heat 88 105 105 97 89 91 91 87 91 93 Heat Y Y Y Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 78 94 74 89 72 90 75 94 Temp 81 78 90 86 79 74 85 82 76 73 85 83 78 75 89 84 Dewpt 73 73 72 70 68 65 63 63 63 63 64 64 67 68 69 69 PWind dir SW NW N NE NE SE S SE Wind char LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT Avg clouds B2 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 PoP 12hr 40 50 20 10 10 20 20 30 Rain shwrs C S S C S S S S S C Tstms C S S C S S S $$ WVZ052-172000- Martinsburg Airport-Berkeley WV 39.41N 77.98W Elev. 558 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 94 72 85 68 84 Temp 73 77 88 94 93 85 79 76 74 75 79 82 82 79 73 71 70 72 78 81 80 78 Dewpt 71 72 72 71 71 71 71 70 68 68 66 67 68 69 68 68 67 67 69 71 71 71 RH 93 85 59 47 49 63 77 82 82 79 64 61 63 72 84 90 90 84 74 72 74 79 Wind dir SW SW W W W W W W NW N N N N N SE E NE E S S S S Wind spd 5 5 10 12 12 6 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 2 1 1 1 2 3 5 5 4 Clouds SC SC FW FW SC SC B1 B1 B1 SC SC B1 B1 B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B1 PoP 12hr 20 5 30 20 70 QPF 12hr 0 0 0.01 0 0.15 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S C C S S S S C C L L C Tstms S C C S C C C Heat index 95101100 90 85 85 85 83 Max heat 101 100 85 85 85 85 85 Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 71 88 66 83 64 85 66 89 Temp 73 75 85 79 70 70 81 76 67 69 81 78 69 71 85 81 Dewpt 71 71 71 70 66 64 63 64 63 63 65 66 66 67 69 69 PWind dir SW NW NW NE E SE S S Wind char LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT Avg clouds B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 SC SC SC B1 PoP 12hr 30 50 20 20 20 30 30 30 Rain shwrs C S S C S S S S C C S C Tstms C S S C S S S S $$ VAZ506-172000- Washington Dulles Airport-Loudoun VA 38.96N 77.45W Elev. 321 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 96 74 88 72 85 Temp 76 79 88 95 94 88 81 78 75 77 82 86 82 80 75 74 74 74 80 83 80 78 Dewpt 74 75 75 72 72 74 74 73 71 72 72 72 72 72 72 71 71 72 74 75 76 75 RH 94 88 66 48 49 63 79 85 87 85 72 63 72 77 90 90 90 93 82 77 88 91 Wind dir SW SW W SW SW SW W NW NW N NW NW NW NW SE E E E S S S S Wind spd 6 6 9 11 11 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 2 4 5 5 5 Clouds B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 B2 B1 B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 OV B2 PoP 12hr 20 10 40 30 70 QPF 12hr 0.01 0 0.18 0 0.19 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S C C C C C C C C L L C Tstms S C C C S S C C C Heat index 98104102 97 86 87 92 87 84 84 90 86 Max heat 104 105 91 92 91 90 89 Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 72 90 69 85 66 86 68 90 Temp 74 76 87 81 73 71 83 77 70 71 84 79 71 72 86 81 Dewpt 74 74 76 75 71 68 69 68 66 67 69 68 68 70 72 73 PWind dir SW NW NW N E SE S S Wind char LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT Avg clouds B2 B1 B1 B2 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 B1 PoP 12hr 30 60 20 20 20 30 20 30 Rain shwrs C S L S S S C S S C Tstms C C S S S $$ VAZ037-172000- Charlottesville Airport-Albemarle VA 38.14N 78.45W Elev. 640 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 92 73 86 71 84 Temp 74 75 86 92 90 84 79 77 74 76 83 83 80 76 74 73 71 73 79 81 79 76 Dewpt 72 72 73 72 71 71 71 71 71 72 72 73 73 72 72 72 71 72 73 73 73 73 RH 93 90 65 52 54 65 77 82 90 87 70 72 79 87 93 97100 97 82 77 82 90 Wind dir SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW W NW N S W S SW NW NW NE SE S SW S Wind spd 5 6 9 10 10 8 5 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 5 4 3 Clouds B1 SC FW SC B1 B1 B1 SC SC B1 B1 OV OV B1 B1 B1 B2 B2 B1 B2 B2 B1 PoP 12hr 20 10 80 40 80 QPF 12hr 0 0 0.53 0.09 0.13 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S S C C D D C C S S C C D D S Tstms S S C L L C S S C C S Heat index 93100 96 89 88 89 84 86 Max heat 100 98 85 90 87 86 86 Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 72 89 70 83 67 84 68 88 Temp 73 74 87 79 73 71 81 76 69 69 81 77 70 71 84 78 Dewpt 72 72 73 72 71 68 68 67 67 66 67 68 69 69 69 71 PWind dir SW W N NE NE E S SE Wind char LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT Avg clouds B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC B1 B1 B1 SC B1 SC B1 SC B1 PoP 12hr 20 50 20 30 20 30 20 30 Rain shwrs S C S C S S C S S C Tstms S C S C S S $$ MDZ003-172000- Hagerstown Airport-Washington MD 39.71N 77.73W Elev. 705 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 94 71 86 69 85 Temp 73 76 87 94 93 84 78 75 72 74 79 83 82 79 73 72 71 72 78 82 80 78 Dewpt 72 74 74 73 73 73 72 70 68 68 68 69 68 68 67 67 66 68 71 72 72 72 RH 97 94 65 51 52 70 82 84 87 82 69 63 63 69 81 84 84 87 79 72 77 82 Wind dir S SW W W W SW W NW NW N NW NW N N E E E E S S S S Wind spd 4 5 10 12 12 6 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 5 6 5 Wind gust 23 Clouds B1 SC FW SC SC SC B1 B1 B1 FW SC B1 SC SC B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 PoP 12hr 20 5 20 20 60 QPF 12hr 0 0 0 0 0.14 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S S S S S C C L L C Tstms S S S C C C Heat index 95103102 90 87 85 87 84 Max heat 103 102 85 87 87 87 87 Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 71 88 66 83 64 85 66 89 Temp 73 74 86 79 70 69 81 77 68 69 81 78 69 71 86 81 Dewpt 72 72 74 70 67 65 66 66 63 64 67 67 66 68 71 71 PWind dir SW NW N NE E SE SE SW Wind char LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT Avg clouds B2 B1 B1 B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC B1 B1 B1 SC B1 PoP 12hr 40 50 20 20 20 30 30 30 Rain shwrs C S S C S S S C C S S C Tstms C S S C S S S S $$ MDZ017-172000- Patuxent River NAS MD 38.29N 76.41W Elev. 39 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 95 79 89 75 88 Temp 79 83 89 95 95 89 83 81 79 82 84 88 87 82 78 77 75 79 83 85 84 79 Dewpt 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 74 73 74 73 72 73 73 72 72 71 74 75 75 76 75 RH 88 80 66 54 54 66 80 79 82 77 70 59 63 74 82 85 87 85 77 72 77 88 Wind dir SW SW SW SW SW W W W NW N N N NE NW S E E E SE SE S S Wind spd 12 13 13 12 12 9 8 6 5 6 5 6 5 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 8 5 Clouds B1 B1 FW SC FW SC SC SC SC FW SC B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 B2 OV PoP 12hr 10 20 30 30 60 QPF 12hr 0 0 0.01 0 0.38 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S C C C C C C C C L L C Tstms S C C C C S S S C C C Heat index 91100109109100 91 86 88 90 95 94 87 90 94 93 Max heat 91 109 109 94 88 95 96 84 94 94 Heat Y Y Y Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 75 90 74 85 72 86 72 88 Temp 76 79 88 82 76 77 83 80 74 76 83 79 74 77 85 81 Dewpt 74 76 76 75 73 71 70 69 68 70 68 68 70 71 71 72 PWind dir SW W NW NE NE E SE S Wind char LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT Avg clouds B2 SC SC B1 B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC PoP 12hr 40 40 20 20 10 10 20 20 Rain shwrs C S S C S S S S S Tstms C S C S S S $$ WVZ502-172000- Petersburg WV 38.99N 79.15W Elev. 963 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 94 69 87 67 85 Temp 71 75 87 93 90 81 75 72 70 71 80 83 83 76 71 69 68 69 79 81 80 76 Dewpt 69 72 72 70 71 71 71 69 69 70 73 72 71 72 71 69 68 69 73 74 73 73 RH 93 90 61 47 54 72 87 90 97 97 79 70 67 87100100100100 82 79 79 90 Wind dir E SE W W W SW SW S S W W W NW S SW SW SW S S SW SW SW Wind spd 4 4 8 11 11 5 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 Clouds SC SC SC SC SC B1 B1 B2 B1 B2 B1 B2 B2 B2 B1 B2 B2 B2 B2 OV OV B2 PoP 12hr 30 30 70 30 80 QPF 12hr 0 0 0.18 0.10 0.43 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S C C C S C C C L L C C C C C C D D C Tstms S C S S S C C C C S S C C C Obvis PF Heat index 94 99 96 85 84 88 88 86 84 Max heat 99 100 89 90 86 86 Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 68 88 64 85 63 88 66 91 Temp 70 71 85 76 68 66 81 75 66 66 84 77 68 69 86 78 Dewpt 70 70 74 72 68 66 69 69 65 65 70 70 67 68 73 72 PWind dir SW W NW N SE SE S W Wind char LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT Avg clouds B2 B2 B2 B2 B1 B1 SC B1 SC SC SC B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 PoP 12hr 50 70 20 30 20 40 30 40 Rain shwrs C C C L S S C S S S C C S S C Tstms C S C S S S S S C $$ MDZ014-172000- Annapolis MD 38.99N 76.49W Elev. 7 ft 138 AM EDT Thu Jul 17 2025 Date Thu 07/17/25 Fri 07/18/25 Sat 07/19/25 EDT 3hrly 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 23 02 05 08 11 14 17 20 UTC 3hrly 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 Max/Min 92 77 85 74 83 Temp 79 79 86 91 91 89 83 82 79 79 82 85 83 81 78 77 76 76 79 82 80 78 Dewpt 75 75 76 75 74 75 76 74 72 70 69 69 69 69 70 70 70 69 71 72 73 73 RH 88 88 72 60 58 64 80 77 79 74 65 59 63 67 76 79 82 79 77 72 79 85 Wind dir SW SW W SW SW SW W W NW N N N N NE E E E E SE SE S S Wind spd 10 11 10 11 11 8 6 5 5 6 6 6 5 3 2 2 2 3 5 8 8 5 Clouds B2 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC FW SC SC B1 B1 B1 B1 B2 B2 B1 B2 B2 B2 PoP 12hr 20 10 20 30 60 QPF 12hr 0.04 0 0 0 0.19 Snow 12hr 00-00 00-00 00-00 Rain shwrs S S S S C C C C L L C Tstms S S S S C C C Heat index 96102101 99 91 88 85 89 87 84 87 84 Max heat 102 102 93 86 89 89 83 87 87 Heat Y Y Y Date Sun 07/20/25 Mon 07/21/25 Tue 07/22/25 Wed 07/23/25 EDT 6hrly 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 02 08 14 20 UTC 6hrly 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 06 12 18 00 Min/Max 74 88 73 82 70 82 71 86 Temp 76 78 86 81 76 74 80 78 73 74 80 78 74 75 83 81 Dewpt 74 74 74 73 71 67 67 66 67 66 67 67 69 69 70 71 PWind dir SW W N NE NE E SE SE Wind char LT LT LT LT LT LT LT GN Avg clouds B2 B1 SC B1 SC B1 SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC PoP 12hr 40 50 20 20 20 20 20 20 Rain shwrs C S S C S S S S S S S Tstms C S S C S S S S $$