222
FXUS63 KLSX 081754
AFDLSX

Area Forecast Discussion...Updated Aviation
National Weather Service Saint Louis MO
1254 PM CDT Wed May 8 2024

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Scattered to widespread severe thunderstorms are expected from
  the late this morning into this evening. All hazards are
  expected: large hail, damaging winds, a few strong tornadoes,
  and flash flooding.

- A period of much needed calmer weather and cooler temperatures
  is expected to end the week and continue through the weekend.


&&

.SHORT TERM... (Through Thursday Night)
Issued at 316 AM CDT Wed May 8 2024

Surface observations show a low developing over the Southern Plains
beneath southwesterly flow aloft. A cold front stretches through
the Ohio Valley and into the Mid-South. As the surface low
strengthens this morning, the front will lift northward as a warm
front. South of this front, a warm, unstable airmass will advect
into the Middle Mississippi Valley. The nose of the low level jet
will veer into southwestern Missouri this morning and force
convection along the warm front that will then move east/southeast
across the front and within a warm sector characterized by nearly
3,000 J/kg of SBCAPE and 60 kts of 0-6 km shear.

Thusly, this morning-early afternoon convection will have the
potential to be strong to severe, but its mode is uncertain, with
two scenarios possible. One is where it congeals and grows upscale
into an MCS that passes through southeastern Missouri and into the
Ohio Valley. This would pose primarily a damaging with threat,
though embedded supercells would also lead to a large hail threat. A
tornado threat would also accompany any embedded supercells, as well
as mesovortices on any line segment that is able to bow toward the
northeast given 0-3 km bulk shear of about 30 kts oriented southwest
to northeast. This scenario may dampen the severe potential of any
afternoon/evening thunderstorms. The second scenario is that morning-
early afternoon convection is able to stay more discrete and
supercellular, which would lead to a greater risk of tornadoes and
large hail that would carry into the afternoon and evening as
multiple rounds of storms develop.

Regardless of either scenario, CAMs have been consistent in
producing multiple rounds of convection through the afternoon and
into the evening within the warm sector (generally along and south
of I-70) thanks to a persistent low level jet nosing into the area
and upper-level divergence via a jet streak. The warm sector will
potentially remain just as conducive for severe thunderstorms
through the afternoon into the early evening as it is in the late
morning, with any storm capable of all severe hazards. Strong
tornadoes are of particular concern during the afternoon given 0-1
km SRH upwards of 250-300 m2/s2.

Also of concern is the potential for flash flooding. Mean PWAT from
the 00z HREF maxes out at 1.5" over southern portions of the CWA,
with the same guidance producing a swath of 2-5" in that portion of
the area given training storms. Because of this, we have issued a
Flood Watch for portions of southeastern Missouri and southwestern
Illinois.

Convection will exit the CWA this evening ahead of a cold front
sweeping through the region. This front will usher in cooler air for
Thursday, with highs running 5-10 degrees below what is expected
today. Moisture wrapping around the backside of the departing low
will produce low chances (30%) for rain mainly north of I-70 during
the afternoon and early evening.

Elmore
&&

.LONG TERM... (Friday through Tuesday)
Issued at 316 AM CDT Wed May 8 2024

At the start of the extended period on Friday, guidance consensus is
that an upper-level trough will be east of the region with a
shortwave digging southward over the CWA along the through`s western
periphery. A minority of ensembles and deterministic guidance have
light rain occurring over the CWA with its passage, but given it is
the minority, a dry forecast has been maintained for now. The deep
northwesterly flow will advect cooler air into the area, with a
majority of ensemble guidance suggesting temperatures will struggle
to get out of the 60s for most locations. Yet another shortwave will
pass through the Midwest late Friday into Saturday and send a cold
front through the CWA early Saturday. Despite this cold front, mid-
level temperatures will actually warm through the day as low to mid-
level ridging builds into the area, leading to Saturday being a few
degrees warmer than Friday.

Sunday into early next week, guidance consensus is that the trough
will continue eastward as upper-level flow over the central U.S.
becomes quasi-zonal. Some deterministic guidance has a shortwave
passing through the Mid-South and Ohio Valley within this flow late
Sunday into Monday, bringing low rain chances to the area.

As we get toward the middle of next week, guidance consensus breaks
down, with ensemble clusters and deterministic models roughly split
between northwesterly flow and southwesterly flow over the Middle
Mississippi Valley. If the former comes to reality, then
temperatures will stay mild and conditions likely dry. If the latter
solution is realized, then temperatures will warm and the area could
experience more active weather.

Elmore
&&

.AVIATION...  (For the 18z TAFs through 18z Thursday Afternoon)
Issued at 1252 PM CDT Wed May 8 2024

Severe storms staying south of TAF sites at this time, but could
see storms move through St. Louis metro area TAFs between 18z and
00z Thursday. For KCOU and KJEF, just kept vicinity shower/storm
mention through the afternoon hours. With the stronger storms
could see brief periods of MVFR ceilings and visibilities,
otherwise VFR flight conditions.

By this evening as cold front moves through, winds will veer to
the southwest to west by 05z Thursday at KCOU and KJEF and by 07z
Thursday at KUIN and St. Louis metro area TAF sites. Also, wrap
around MVFR ceilings will move into KUIN by 03z Thursday and
persist through the remainder of the forecast period.

Winds will pickup by mid morning from the northwest with gusts up
to 25 kts at times.

Byrd
&&

.LSX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MO...Flood Watch until midnight CDT tonight for Cole MO-Crawford MO-
     Franklin MO-Gasconade MO-Iron MO-Jefferson MO-Madison MO-
     Moniteau MO-Osage MO-Reynolds MO-Saint Francois MO-Saint
     Louis City MO-Saint Louis MO-Sainte Genevieve MO-Washington
     MO.

IL...Flood Watch until midnight CDT tonight for Monroe IL-Randolph IL-
     Saint Clair IL.

&&

$$

WFO LSX