Quantitative Precipitation Forecast
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Issued by NWS
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845 FOUS30 KWBC 022350 QPFERD Excessive Rainfall Discussion NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD 750 PM EDT Thu May 2 2024 Day 1 Valid 01Z Fri May 03 2024 - 12Z Fri May 03 2024 ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHEAST TEXAS & FAR SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA... ...Texas and Louisiana... The outflow boundary from earlier convection is shifting back northeast towards Houston, with MU/ML CAPE trends up a bit as the instability hole caused by the earlier complex recedes northward. Further northward return as this boundary is possible overnight as it remains convectively inactive. A couple convective clusters forming along the dry line across northwest TX are moving east early this evening and the convection with the higher risk of heavier rainfall is expected to drop east- southeast as right movers along the 1000-500 hPa thickness gradient and instability gradient into southeast TX/southwest LA, with rainfall rates/totals increasing as it gets into the area around sunrise just as MU CAPE rises back into the 2000-3000 J/kg range. Precipitable water values should rise back into the 1.5-1.75" range. Effective bulk shear of 40-60 kts lies across the area, which is more than sufficient to allow for convective organization, including the mesocyclones which have already developed. Considering rainfall totals and very low flash flood guidance values in the previous complex`s wake, the Moderate Risk area was maintained in or near Southeast TX. A Slight Risk surrounds this area, covering both where heavy rain has fallen as of late and where heavy rain from the expected complex is expected to fall. Hourly rain totals to 2.5" with additional amounts to 5" are anticipated over saturated soils/filling rivers and bayous. ...Mississippi Valley/Midwest... Radar trends and mesoscale guidance shows clusters of showers and thunderstorms in and near portions of OK this evening into tonight with less organized, in some cases dying, activity most elsewhere within the broader Marginal Risk area. A general 1.5-3" of rain, with locally higher amounts possible, which would fall within several hours, hence the continuation of the Slight Risk in that area. The northeast portion of the Slight Risk was removed as the risk has lowered across much of MO. Flash flood guidance values are currently running between that 1-2"/hr marker for exceedance, and soils have some degree of saturation, so it`s within the zone of opportunity to cause some flash flooding potential within the rates alone. Roth Day 2 Valid 12Z Fri May 03 2024 - 12Z Sat May 04 2024 ...THERE IS SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR PORTIONS OF THE TEXAS AND LOUISIANA COAST AND THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR MUCH OF TEXAS, THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY, TENNESSEE VALLEY, CENTRAL PLAINS, AND THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST... ...Southern Plains and Southeast... 21z update... A copious amount of rain (at least 8 to 12 inches) has fallen over parts of southeast Texas Thursday morning with more heavy rain to pass through for the remainder of the day 1 period and into the day 2 period. This very water-logged part of the region will be very sensitive to any additional precipitation. A Slight Risk was raised for this period to cover the most sensitive locations with the expected additional rain over the region, which spans from southeast Texas, across southern Louisiana and clips the extreme southwest edge of Mississippi. Campbell A trio of areas extending from the southern plains through the Southeast US will draw attention for the period. The primary area of focus will reside in the Lower Mississippi Valley where some guidance is now suggesting the development of convection upstream within the axis of an approach cold front, developing upscale and maneuvering through the ArklaTex into LA by the beginning of the forecast period. Locally heavy rains would be a certainty if this evolution occurred and will need to be monitored closely with regards to timing and magnitude ...Northeast... Showers are expected to move through parts of the Appalachian and western portions of the Northeast as a warm front lifts through the region. Hi-res guidance suggests there will be several hours where the thunderstorms will be be capable of producing hourly rainfall rates up to 2/2.25 inches/hour, particularly across western New York, western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia. 3-hr FFG values across this part of the country are as low as 1.5 inches so there will be an increased threat for excessive rainfall and local flooding concerns. A Marginal Risk area was raised from western New York to central West Virginia. Campbell ...Central Plains... A fairly robust mid-level perturbation will eject east-southeast out of WY/CO with convection initiating over the Front Range, eventually congealing into a MCS as it migrates eastward through southern NE into KS. Models are in agreement of at least some modest QPF with 1-2" scattered across the aforementioned areas and QPF maxima running upwards of 3" at this time. Current QPF maxima is within the vicinity of southern NE into northern KS, but the expectation is for multiple pockets of higher QPF embedded within the complex as it moves to the southeast. As of now, the system looks to remain progressive, but will monitor closely as we approach the event in question to see if we can hone in on any specific area for potential upgrades, or maintain continuity. ...Pacific Northwest... 21Z update... QPF trended a bit further south along the northern California coast so in turn the Marginal Risk area was expanded a smidgen southward to reflect this trend. Campbell A relatively weak IVT pulse will enter coastal OR and northwest CA by the second half of the period with locally heavy rainfall expected through Saturday morning. IVT index is running at an "AR 1" which signals a weaker atmospheric river event, but one that can still produce modest rainfall totals to the coastal plain. Ensemble trends have come up a bit from previous forecasts with QPF running between 1.5-2.5 over the span of 12 hrs (00-12z Saturday), with a bit more as we head into D3. As a result, kept continuity with the MRGL risk from previous forecast package. Kleebauer Day 3 Valid 12Z Sat May 04 2024 - 12Z Sun May 05 2024 ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR WEST AND NORTH TEXAS INTO SOUTHWEST OKLAHOMA... ...Southern Plains... 21Z update... Very minor adjustments were made to the Marginal and Slight risk areas to reflect the latest guidance and WPC QPF trends. The best concentration for higher QPF and elevated flooding risk continues to be north-central Texas and southwest Oklahoma. Campbell A cold front will move south through the course of Saturday with sights on north TX by the afternoon hours as it progresses out of the plains. A dryline will be focused over west TX by the morning and will begin mixing eastward through peak diurnal instability. Aloft, a shortwave will eject northeast out of MX which will provide areal ascent within the confines of where the dryline and cold front will intersect. Guidance is in agreement on a rapid development of convection in-of the western rolling plains, northeast Permian Basin up to the Red River with heavy rainfall likely along and east of the dryline as dew points in the upper-60s and low-70s will exist on the moist side of the boundary. The convergence of the front and dryline will induce a large cluster of heavy thunderstorms capable of significant rainfall and rates upwards of 1.5-2"/hr based on local climo and expected PWAT anomalies of 2-2.5 deviations above normal. Current rainfall totals are already pushing 2.5-3" on the ensemble bias corrected QPF with likely higher totals once we factor in CAMs later into the equation. A SLGT risk was maintained and expanded to encompass the 1"+ contours within the ensemble bias corrected forecast and WPC Guidance which is factoring in higher localized totals within area convection. Would not be surprised to see this be labeled a higher end SLGT, or an even higher risk given the early signals and the forecasted synoptic evolution. ...Central and Southern Appalachians 21Z update... The overall Marginal Risk area was shifted east and reshaped to a more southwest-northeast orientation that spans from western North Carolina to eastern Pennsylvania. The bulk of the convection closer to Appalachians is expected to fall during the day 2 period while convection further east is expected for the day 3 period. There is some spread in the timing and location of the QPF in the latest guidance, but general take is up to 1.5/2 inches expected for this period which could result in local areas of excessive rainfall and flooding. Campbell A cold front will approach from the west with slow progression through the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys before aligning parallel to the Appalachian front by mid-day Saturday. A broad ridge to the east will provide a convergent signature within a band of elevated PWATs along and east of the terrain in the Mid-Atlantic. Modest instability and upper forcing along with the surface convergence pattern will lead to scattered convection over portions of the western Carolinas up through western Pennsylvania through most of the period, especially the afternoon and evening Saturday. Locally heavy rainfall will be plausible in the setup with weak steering flow aloft allowing for meandering and/or training cells within the confines of the complex terrain in the interior. FFG indices are relatively low, but not significant so, so the threat currently is fairly minor, but within the threshold for a MRGL risk that was inherited from prior forecast packages. Another instance of continuity with a better analysis in future forecast cycles with the help of CAMs and associated ensemble(s). ...Northern Sierra Nevada Foothills... A fairly robust IVT pulse will slide down the west coast with southwesterly flow aimed orthogonally to the northern and central Sierra`s by Saturday. Higher elevations will be greeted with more snow, but the adjacent foothills will remain warm enough to benefit from all rainfall. Rates will be borderline overall, but the prospects for over 1" of precip has grown in the past succession of runs with the ensemble bias corrected guidance now upwards of 2" now forecast within the elevations below 8000` MSL, falling mainly in a span of 8-12 hours. The threat is on the lower end of MRGL, but does have merit given the signal at leads. Maintained continuity from previous forecast and will assess whether it needs adjusting, or removal pending future trends in guidance. Kleebauer Day 1 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt Day 2 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt Day 3 threat area: https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt