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-- Discussion containing changed information from previous version are highlighted. --
000
FXUS62 KILM 021154
AFDILM

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON NC
654 AM EST MON MAR 2 2015

.SYNOPSIS...
-- Changed Discussion --
TODAY WILL BRING A COLD FRONT FOLLOWED BY CHILLY HIGH PRESSURE ON
TUESDAY. WEDNESDAY WILL FEATURE A DRAMATIC WARM UP ONLY TO BE FOLLOWED
BY ANOTHER EVEN COLDER AIR MASS THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. THE WEEKEND WILL
BRING A VERY GRADUAL WARM UP AS WELL AS AN INCREASE IN CLOUDS AND
RAIN CHANCES.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/...
-- Changed Discussion --
AS OF 645 AM MONDAY...VSBYS ARE OSCILLATING BETWEEN 1/4 AND ABOUT 1
MILE...LIKELY DUE TO INCREASING WINDS AT THE TOP OF THE SHALLOW
BOUNDARY LAYER DISTURBING THE "SETTLED" CONDITIONS NEEDED FOR DENSE
FOG. I`LL KEEP THE ADVISORY IN EFFECT WITH THE REQUISITE 1/4 MILE
VSBY STILL WITHIN REACH FOR SOME INLAND SITES OVER THE NEXT 2 HOURS.
06Z MODELS SHOWED LITTLE CHANGE FROM THEIR 00Z COUNTERPARTS.
DISCUSSION FROM 330 AM FOLLOWS...

CONSIDERABLE LOW-LEVEL MOISTURE AND COLD GROUND TEMPERATURES HAVE
SET THE STAGE FOR DENSE FOG THIS MORNING. WHILE THE LOWEST
VISIBILITIES ARE INLAND CURRENTLY...I SEE NO REASON 1/4 MILE VSBY
WON`T SPREAD DOWN TO THE COAST IN THE NEXT FEW HOURS. THE ADVISORY
RUNS THROUGH 10 AM...AT WHICH POINT THE LIMITED VERTICAL DEPTH OF
MOISTURE SHOULD ALLOW ENOUGH INSOLATION IN TO BREAK UP THE DENSE FOG.

WEAK HIGH PRESSURE ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST IS DISSIPATING WITH THE
APPROACH OF A COLD FRONT FROM THE NORTH. THE WIND SHIFT ASSOCIATED
WITH THIS FRONT WILL ARRIVE EARLY IN THE AFTERNOON...BUT COLD
ADVECTION WILL HOLD BACK UNTIL PROBABLY 4-5 PM AS HIGH PRESSURE OVER
THE MIDWEST BEGINS TO PUSH SOUTHEASTWARD INTO THE CAROLINAS. THE
HIGH WILL ASSUME A WEDGE-LIKE CONFIGURATION ACROSS THE AREA TONIGHT.

PRIOR FORECASTS HAD RAIN CHANCES TODAY AS A POCKET OF MID-LEVEL
MOISTURE SCOOTS ACROSS THE AREA FROM THE WEST. ISENTROPIC ANALYSIS
FROM ALL MODELS SHOW DOWNWARD SLOPING ISENTROPES...MEANING RAIN
CHANCES SHOULD REMAIN RATHER LOW. IN FACT IF FOG BURNS OFF ON
SCHEDULE THE AIR MASS ITSELF IS COMPARATIVELY MILD AND SHOULD SUPPORT
HIGHS AROUND 60 ACROSS SE NORTH CAROLINA...WITH MID 60S ACROSS NE
SOUTH CAROLINA. TEMPERATURES AT THE BEACHES COULD BE QUITE A BIT
LOWER AS THIS MORNING`S COLD AND FOGGY AIR MASS WILL SHIFT OFFSHORE
AND STAGNATE AHEAD OF THE FRONT.

TONIGHT THE APPROACH OF A SHORTWAVE TROUGH FROM THE SOUTHWEST WILL
CREATE VEERING WIND PROFILES...ADVECTING MOISTURE UP AND OVER THE
SHALLOW COOL AIR STREAMING IN BEHIND THE COLD FRONT. THE 00Z GFS IS
BY FAR THE WETTEST MODEL...AND MY FORECAST POPS CONSTITUTE OF A
BLEND OF DRIER GUIDANCE WHICH HOLDS RAIN CHANCES MAINLY SOUTH OF A
LINE FROM FLORENCE AND MARION TO MYRTLE BEACH AFTER MIDNIGHT. LOWS
SHOULD RANGE FROM THE UPPER 30S ACROSS SE NORTH CAROLINA TO THE
LOWER 40S ACROSS NE SOUTH CAROLINA.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.SHORT TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/...
AS OF 3 AM MONDAY...ALL TOO FAMILIAR COOL AIR WEDGE FIRMLY IN PLACE
ON TUESDAY. BETWEEN STRONGER OVERRUNNING ON THE WESTERN SIDE OF THE
RIDGE AND A FAIRLY WELL DEFINED COASTAL TROUGH THERE SHOULD BE AMPLE
LIFT AREA-WIDE FOR PRECIPITATION DURING AN OTHERWISE CLOUDY AND
CHILLY AFTERNOON. THIS MAY CHANGE AS THE DAY WEARS ON AS THE WEDGE
BREAKS DOWN RATHER QUICKLY LATER ON...PROBABLY NOT AS QUICKLY AS
PROGGED THOUGH ESPECIALLY IN LIGHT OF THE POSSIBLY RE-ENFORCING
RAINFALL. THIS TIMING WILL HAVE SOME BEARING ON TUESDAY NIGHT LOWS.
A SLIGHT PERSISTENCE INTO TUESDAY NIGHT MAY ALLOW FOR A SMALL TEMP
DROP BUT AN EARLIER BREAKDOWN WILL MEAN TUESDAY NIGHT `LOWS` WILL
NEARLY MATCH TUESDAY HIGHS AS TEMPS WILL FLATLINE EARLY AND THEN
SLOWLY RISE. THIS IS BEST REPRESENTED BY THE GFS OVER THE WRF AND
MATCHES PREVIOUS FORECAST THINKING QUITE WELL. SINCE THE RAIN LIKELY
SHUTS OFF BY EVENING AND A HEALTHY LLJ FORMS SEE NO REASON TO CHANGE
THIS. WEDNESDAY PROBABLY REMAINS QUITE CLOUDY BUT WILL BE OUR ONE
WELCOME DAY OF WARMTH NOT ONLY FOLLOWING A LONG STRETCH OF COOL
WEATHER BUT IT WILL ALSO BE FOLLOWED BY A RETURN OF COLD CONDITIONS.
WEDNESDAY WILL ALSO BE QUITE BREEZY. A SLIGHT DECREASE IN STRENGTH
OF THE LLJ WILL BE OFFSET BY A TIGHTENING SURFACE PRESSURE GRADIENT
BETWEEN WEST ATLANTIC HIGH PRESSURE AND AN APPROACHING COLD FRONT
CONTAINING A FLAT WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE. IN THIS SSWRLY FLOW THERE
WILL BE QUITE A TEMP GRADIENT ACROSS BRUNSWICK CTY DUE TO THE COLD
SSTS. THIS MARINE AIR WILL ALSO TEMPER THE HIGHS ACROSS CAPE FEAR
COUNTIES WHERE UPPER 60S TO LOW 70S WILL BE COMMON (MUCH COOLER
BEACHES) WHILE INLAND LOCALES SOAR WELL INTO THE 70S. JUST AHEAD OF
THIS BOUNDARY WEDNESDAY NIGHT WILL REMAIN VERY MILD AND AT THE VERY
TAIL END MAY FEATURE SOME RAIN CHANCES ASSOC WITH THE BOUNDARY ESP
OVER WESTERN ZONES.

&&

.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/...
AS OF 3 AM MONDAY...AND JUST LIKE THAT OUR TASTE OF SPRING IS GONE
ON THURSDAY. VERY BROAD NEUTRALLY TILTED EASTERN U.S. UPPER TROUGH
TO GRAB AIR FROM LOCATIONS WELL UP INTO CANADA AND DRIVE IT INTO THE
CAROLINAS. THURSDAY HIGHS COULD VERY WELL END UP SOME 20 DEGREES
BELOW CLIMO ESPECIALLY IF LOW CLOUDS BORN OF UNDERCUTTING HIGH ARE
PREVALENT ENOUGH. FROM THERE THE CAA MAY CONTINUE EVEN AS THE MID
LEVEL FLOW FLATTENS OUT. SOME GUIDANCE HINTING AT NEAR RECORD LOW
HIGHS FOR MARCH 6 (ILM: 38, 1901). NOT QUITE CONVINCED OF THAT
MAGNITUDE OF COLD ESPECIALLY GIVEN THAT THE EARLY MARCH SUN WILL BE
HAVING A SAY IN THE MATTER. HOWEVER ANOTHER DAY OF 20 DEGREE
TEMPERATURE SHORTAGES FROM CLIMO SEEM ON TAP FOR A SECOND DAY.
BITTER CHILL EXTENDS INTO FRIDAY NIGHT ESPECIALLY HINGING UPON
CLEARING/DECOUPLING POTENTIAL...WE MAY BE LOOKING AT SOME LOWS IN
THE TEENS. SATURDAY WILL BRING RECOVERY IN TEMPERATURES BUT ONLY IN
A RELATIVE SENSE AS HIGHS LIKELY STILL END UP 10 DEGREES BELOW CLIMO
AS THE SURFACE HIGH WEAKENS AND MID LEVEL FLOW REMAINS QUITE FLAT.
AN APPROACHING CLIPPER ON OVER THE WEEKEND SHOULD LEAD TO ENOUGH
WARM AND MOIST ADVECTION FOR NEAR SEASONABLE  TEMPS WHILE CLOUDS AND
RAIN CHANCES BOTH INCREASE SLIGHTLY. MODELS DIFFER WITH RESPECT TO
THE TIMING OF THIS SYSTEM. THE GFS LOOKS A LITTLE FAST IN SHOWING
THIS AS SOON AS SATURDAY. WILL INCREASE CLOUD COVER A BIT FOR FOR
NOW HOLD RAIN CHANCES OFF TIL SUNDAY.

&&

.AVIATION /12Z MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
-- Changed Discussion --
AS OF 12Z...LIFR/IFR CONDITIONS EXPECTED THROUGH LATE MORNING WITH
DENSE FOG AND LOW CEILINGS. IFR CONDITIONS WILL IMPROVE TO MVFR OR
BETTER BY LATE MORNING OR NOON. COLD FRONT DROPS SOUTH THIS
AFTERNOON...WITH WINDS SHIFTING TO THE NORTHEAST TOWARD EVENING.
THE MODELS ARE TRYING TO INTRODUCE PRECIP LATE TONIGHT SO HAVE ADDED
SHOWER IN THE VICINITY. .

EXTENDED OUTLOOK...BECOMING VFR TUE MORNING...WITH PERIODS OF
MVFR/SHOWERS TUE AFTN AND EVENING. SHOWERS LATE WED. RAIN/IFR THUR.
VFR DEVELOPING FRI.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

.MARINE...
NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/...
AS OF 645 AM MONDAY...NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES NEEDED TO THE MARINE
FORECAST. FOG IS DENSE ENOUGH FOR THE FORT FISHER-SOUTHPORT FERRY TO
BE CANCELED EARLY THIS MORNING. DISCUSSION FROM 330 AM
FOLLOWS...

WEAK HIGH PRESSURE ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST WILL DISSIPATE LATER TODAY
AS A COLD FRONT APPROACHES FROM THE NORTH. THE INITIAL WIND SHIFT
WITH THIS FRONT SHOULD PUSH OFFSHORE DURING THE EARLY AFTERNOON
HOURS...WITH COLDER AIR BUILDING IN ON A SECONDARY SURGE THIS
EVENING. MODELS SHOW QUITE A BIT OF SPREAD WITH REGARDS TO HOW
STRONG WIND SPEEDS BECOME OVERNIGHT (THE 00Z GFS IS THE STRONGEST
MODEL) BUT IT IS POSSIBLE WE MAY REACH SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY
THRESHOLDS BY MIDNIGHT...ESPECIALLY ACROSS THE OUTER PORTION OF THE
COASTAL WATERS AS NE WINDS REACH 20 KNOTS AND SEAS GRADUALLY BUILD.

FOR WINDS I HAVE USED A BLEND OF ALL AVAILABLE GUIDANCE EXCEPT THE
WRF-ARW. FOR SEAS I USED OUR LOCAL SWAN WAVE MODEL WITH THE TYPICAL
CORRECTIONS MADE FOR ITS BIAS IN BUILDING SEA HEIGHTS TOO QUICKLY IN
THE EARLY PORTIONS OF A NE SURGE EVENT.

SHORT TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT/...
AS OF 3 AM MONDAY...TUESDAY BRINGS AN OVERLAND WEDGE OF HIGH
PRESSURE AND SURFACE TROUGHINESS IMPINGING UPON THE WATERS FROM THE
EAST. THE RESULTING PINCHED GRADIENT MAY NECESSITATE A SMALL CRAFT
ADVISORY THOUGH CONDITIONS WILL BE RATHER MARGINAL. BOTH FEATURES
WASH OUT TUESDAY NIGHT ALLOWING FOR A WARM SEASON-LIKE SOUTHWESTERLY
FLOW. WARMTH AND MOISTURE WILL FLOOD ACROSS THE COASTAL WATERS AND A
SEA FOG THREAT WILL DEVELOP. ENHANCING THE HAZARD TO MARINERS LATE
IN THE PERIOD WILL BE A RETURN OF SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY CONDITIONS AS
THE APPROACH OF A COLD FRONT AND SURFACE WAVE FROM THE NORTHWEST
TIGHTENS THE GRADIENT.


LONG TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
AS OF 3 AM MONDAY...NOT A GOOD STRETCH OF WEATHER FOR MARINERS.
STRONG COLD FRONT RIGHT AT THE START OF THE PERIOD WILL BLOW OUT THE
SEA FOG AS COLD AIR POURS IN ON A NORTHWEST WIND. THIS SURGE WILL BE
STRONG ENOUGH THOUGH TO BRING SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY WINDS AND/OR
SEAS. AS THE HIGH MAKES SLOW PROGRESS EASTWARD INTO FRIDAY WINDS
TURN TO THE NORTHEAST AND MAY DROP OFF A BIT LATE IN THE PERIOD. SCA
FLAGS STILL FLYING FOR MOST OF FRIDAY AND POSSIBLY INTO FRIDAY NIGHT
THOUGH DEPENDING ON HOW QUICKLY SEAS SETTLE FOLLOWING THE ABATING
TREND OF THE WINDS.

&&

.ILM WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
-- Changed Discussion --
SC...DENSE FOG ADVISORY UNTIL 10 AM EST THIS MORNING FOR SCZ017-023-
     024-032-033-039-053>056.

NC...DENSE FOG ADVISORY UNTIL 10 AM EST THIS MORNING FOR NCZ087-096-
     099-105>110.

MARINE...DENSE FOG ADVISORY UNTIL 10 AM EST THIS MORNING FOR AMZ250-252-
     254-256.
-- End Changed Discussion --

&&

$$
SYNOPSIS...MBB
NEAR TERM...TRA
SHORT TERM...MBB
LONG TERM...MBB
AVIATION...TRA/DRH
MARINE...